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*All patients with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease should undergo cervical or vaginal [[Nucleic acid amplification technique|nucleic acid amplification tests]] for [[N. gonorrhoeae]] and [[Chlamydia trachomatis|C. trachomatis]] infection.<ref name="pmid25992748">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=372 |issue=21 |pages=2039–48 |year=2015 |pmid=25992748 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1411426 |url=}}</ref> | *All patients with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease should undergo cervical or vaginal [[Nucleic acid amplification technique|nucleic acid amplification tests]] for [[N. gonorrhoeae]] and [[Chlamydia trachomatis|C. trachomatis]] infection.<ref name="pmid25992748">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=372 |issue=21 |pages=2039–48 |year=2015 |pmid=25992748 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1411426 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Vaginal fluid should be evaluated for increased numbers of [[White blood cells|white cells]] (more than one [[neutrophil]] per [[Epithelial cells|epithelial cell]]) and signs of [[bacterial vaginosis]].<ref name="pmid25992748">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=372 |issue=21 |pages=2039–48 |year=2015 |pmid=25992748 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1411426 |url=}}</ref> | *Vaginal fluid should be evaluated for increased numbers of [[White blood cells|white cells]] (more than one [[neutrophil]] per [[Epithelial cells|epithelial cell]]) and signs of [[bacterial vaginosis]].<ref name="pmid25992748">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=372 |issue=21 |pages=2039–48 |year=2015 |pmid=25992748 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1411426 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Pregnancy test should be routinely requested to help rule out [[ectopic pregnancy]]. | *[[Pregnancy]] test should be routinely requested to help rule out [[ectopic pregnancy]]. | ||
*[[Serology|Serologic]] testing for [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|human immunodeficiency virus]] | *[[Serology|Serologic]] testing for [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|human immunodeficiency virus (HIV]]) should be performed.<ref name="pmid25992748">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=372 |issue=21 |pages=2039–48 |year=2015 |pmid=25992748 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1411426 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Revision as of 08:24, 9 April 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
There is no specific laboratory findings for PID. Elevated ESR and CRP are suggestive for diagnosis but are not specific. NAAT for N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis must be requested.
Laboratory findings
- There is no specific laboratory findings for PID. Elevated CRP and ESR are non specific findings. Leukocytosis is another findings.
- Laboratory confirmation of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and/or Mycoplasma genitalium in cervical discharge is helpful to guide treatment.[1]
- All patients with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease should undergo cervical or vaginal nucleic acid amplification tests for N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis infection.[2]
- Vaginal fluid should be evaluated for increased numbers of white cells (more than one neutrophil per epithelial cell) and signs of bacterial vaginosis.[2]
- Pregnancy test should be routinely requested to help rule out ectopic pregnancy.
- Serologic testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should be performed.[2]
References
- ↑ Workowski KA, Bolan GA (2015). "Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015". MMWR Recomm Rep. 64 (RR-03): 1–137. PMID 26042815.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J (2015). "Pelvic inflammatory disease". N. Engl. J. Med. 372 (21): 2039–48. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1411426. PMID 25992748.