Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 historical perspective: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
YazanDaaboul (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
(Mahshid) |
||
| (7 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
{{Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1}} | {{Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ammu}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ammu}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 was first described by Dr. Erdheim, a German physician, in 1903 by reporting a case of an [[acromegaly|acromegalic]] patient with [[pituitary adenoma]] and three enlarged [[parathyroid gland]]s. | Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 was first described by Dr.Erdheim, a German physician, in 1903 by reporting a case of an [[acromegaly|acromegalic]] patient with [[pituitary adenoma]] and three enlarged [[parathyroid gland]]s. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
<br> | The following table describes the major historically significant events about multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.<br> | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center" | ||
|+'''''MEN I Historical Background''''' | |+'''''MEN I Historical Background''''' | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 120px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Years}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 120px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Years}} | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 550px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Scientist}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 550px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Scientist}} | ||
| Line 14: | Line 16: | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1903 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1903 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Erdheim | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Erdheim | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Reported case of an [[acromegaly|acromegalic]] patient with [[pituitary adenoma]] and three enlarged [[parathyroid gland]]s. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1953 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1953 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Underdahl | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Underdahl | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Reported case series of patients with syndrome of [[pituitary]], [[parathyroid]], and pancreatic islet adenomas. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1954 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1954 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Wermer | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Wermer | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Identified that multiple endocrine neoplasia was transmitted as a [[dominant]] trait. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1962 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1962 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Williams and Celestin | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Williams and Celestin | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |First described bronchial [[carcinoid]] as a feature of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1963 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1963 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Jacobs and Underwood | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Jacobs and Underwood | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Reported case of [[hypoglycemia]] and [[islet cell]] [[adenoma]]s in 3 members of the family, with father having [[hyperparathyroidism]] and [[lung cancer|broncial carcinoma]] and son and daughter with idiopathic [[epilepsy]] <ref name="pmid14056823">{{cite journal| author=UNDERWOOD LE, JACOBS NM| title=FAMILIAL ENDOCRINE ADENOMATOSIS. A FAMILY WITH HYPERINSULINISM AS THE PREDOMINANT MANIFESTATION. | journal=Am J Dis Child | year= 1963 | volume= 106 | issue= | pages= 218-23 | pmid=14056823 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14056823 }} </ref>. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1966 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1966 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Guida | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Guida | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Identified [[pituitary adenoma]] and duodenal [[carcinoid]] in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome <ref name="pmid4288594">{{cite journal| author=Guida PM, Todd JE, Mooe SW, Beal JM| title=Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with interesting variations. Report of twelve cases including one of carcinoid of the duodenum. | journal=Am J Surg | year= 1966 | volume= 112 | issue= 6 | pages= 807-17 | pmid=4288594 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4288594 }} </ref>. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1967 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1967 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Johnson | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Johnson | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presented a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 case devoid of [[peptic ulcer]] <ref name="pmid4384073">{{cite journal| author=Johnson GJ, Summerskill WH, Anderson VE, Keating FR| title=Clinical and genetic investigation of a large kindred with multiple endocrine adenomatosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1967 | volume= 277 | issue= 26 | pages= 1379-85 | pmid=4384073 | doi=10.1056/NEJM196712282772601 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4384073 }} </ref>. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1968 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1968 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Steiner | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Steiner | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Introduced the term "multiple endocrine neoplasia" (MEN) to describe disorders featuring combinations of [[endocrine]] [[tumor]]s and proposed the terms 'Wermer syndrome' for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and 'Sipple syndrome' for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1972 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1972 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" | Vance | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" | Vance | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Suggested the importance of primary genetic [[lesion]] in endocrine [[adenomatosis]] in developing [[neoplasia]] and hyperfunctioning of islet of langerhans <ref>[http://omim.org/entry/131100] MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA, TYPE I; MEN1</ref>. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1982 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1982 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |McCarthy | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |McCarthy | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Identified 2 different causes of [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]], [[malignant]] type and the one linked with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 <ref name="pmid7044271">{{cite journal| author=McCarthy DM| title=Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. | journal=Annu Rev Med | year= 1982 | volume= 33 | issue= | pages= 197-215 | pmid=7044271 | doi=10.1146/annurev.me.33.020182.001213 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7044271 }} </ref>. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1983 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1983 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Hershon | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Hershon | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Identified family members from Pacific Northwest with [[prolactinoma]]s but with no [[pancreatic tumor]]s. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1985 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1985 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Bear | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Bear | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Referred the disorders reported from Burin as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Burin. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1986 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1986 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Brandi | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Brandi | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Suggested the [[humoral]] cause of primary [[hyperparathyroidism]] in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1986 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1986 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Schimke | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Schimke | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Suggested a 2 step model of [[pathogenesis]] which include [[germline mutation]] followed by somatic [[mutation]] later. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1986 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1986 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Bahn | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Bahn | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Identified 25 year old monozygotic twins with one having primary [[hyperparathyroidism]], [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]], [[cushing's disease]], and [[hyperprolactinemia]] and the other have primary [[hyperparathyroidism]] and [[hyperprolactinemia]] <ref name="pmid2875227">{{cite journal| author=Bahn RS, Scheithauer BW, van Heerden JA, Laws ER, Horvath E, Gharib H| title=Nonidentical expressions of multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I, in identical twins. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 1986 | volume= 61 | issue= 9 | pages= 689-96 | pmid=2875227 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2875227 }} </ref>. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1986 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1986 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Maton | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Maton | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Identified that [[cushing's syndrome]] is more common with [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]] <ref name="pmid2872593">{{cite journal| author=Maton PN, Gardner JD, Jensen RT| title=Cushing's syndrome in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1986 | volume= 315 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-5 | pmid=2872593 | doi=10.1056/NEJM198607033150101 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2872593 }} </ref>. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1988 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1988 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" | | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 [[locus]] was assigned to [[chromosome]] 11 (11q13). | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1993 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1993 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Gaitan | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Gaitan | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Described mother and daughter with [[cushing's disease]] due to [[ACTH]] secreting [[tumor]] <ref name="pmid8099078">{{cite journal| author=Gaitan D, Loosen PT, Orth DN| title=Two patients with Cushing's disease in a kindred with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 1993 | volume= 76 | issue= 6 | pages= 1580-2 | pmid=8099078 | doi=10.1210/jcem.76.6.8099078 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8099078 }} </ref>. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1994 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1994 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Petty | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Petty | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Identified that [[gene]] involved in Pacific Northwest studies and Burin studies linked to 11q [[chromosome]]. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1997 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1997 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Darling | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Darling | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Suggested that one of the diagnostic findings of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is cutaneous manifestations. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1998 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1998 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" | | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 [[gene]] was [[cloned]] <ref name="Guru1998">Guru SC, Manickam P, Crabtree JS, Olufemi SE, Agarwal SK, Debelenko LV. Identification and characterization of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene. ''J Intern Med'' 243(6) 433-9</ref>. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1999 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |1999 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Yu | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Yu | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Identified that gastrinoma growth is the single most important factor in deciding the long term survival of patients with [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]] <ref name="pmid10080607">{{cite journal| author=Yu F, Venzon DJ, Serrano J, Goebel SU, Doppman JL, Gibril F et al.| title=Prospective study of the clinical course, prognostic factors, causes of death, and survival in patients with long-standing Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1999 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 615-30 | pmid=10080607 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10080607 }} </ref>. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |2001 | ! style="background: #DCDCDC;" |2001 | ||
! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Bordi | ! style="background: #F5F5F5;" |Bordi | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Identified patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome to have carcinoid tumors <ref name="pmid11344233">{{cite journal| author=Bordi C, Corleto VD, Azzoni C, Pizzi S, Ferraro G, Gibril F et al.| title=The antral mucosa as a new site for endocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and Zollinger-Ellison syndromes. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2001 | volume= 86 | issue= 5 | pages= 2236-42 | pmid=11344233 | doi=10.1210/jcem.86.5.7479 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11344233 }} </ref>. | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 108: | Line 110: | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Oncology]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | |||
{{WS}} | |||
{{WH}} | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Oncology]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | |||
[[Category:Surgery]] | |||
Latest revision as of 02:45, 27 November 2017
|
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Microchapters |
|
Differentiating Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 from other Diseases |
|---|
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 historical perspective On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 historical perspective |
|
FDA on Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 historical perspective |
|
CDC on Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 historical perspective |
|
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 historical perspective in the news |
|
Blogs on Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 historical perspective |
|
Directions to Hospitals Treating Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 historical perspective |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [3]
Overview
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 was first described by Dr.Erdheim, a German physician, in 1903 by reporting a case of an acromegalic patient with pituitary adenoma and three enlarged parathyroid glands.
Historical Perspective
The following table describes the major historically significant events about multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.
| Years | Scientist | Contribution |
|---|---|---|
| 1903 | Erdheim | Reported case of an acromegalic patient with pituitary adenoma and three enlarged parathyroid glands. |
| 1953 | Underdahl | Reported case series of patients with syndrome of pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreatic islet adenomas. |
| 1954 | Wermer | Identified that multiple endocrine neoplasia was transmitted as a dominant trait. |
| 1962 | Williams and Celestin | First described bronchial carcinoid as a feature of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. |
| 1963 | Jacobs and Underwood | Reported case of hypoglycemia and islet cell adenomas in 3 members of the family, with father having hyperparathyroidism and broncial carcinoma and son and daughter with idiopathic epilepsy [1]. |
| 1966 | Guida | Identified pituitary adenoma and duodenal carcinoid in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome [2]. |
| 1967 | Johnson | Presented a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 case devoid of peptic ulcer [3]. |
| 1968 | Steiner | Introduced the term "multiple endocrine neoplasia" (MEN) to describe disorders featuring combinations of endocrine tumors and proposed the terms 'Wermer syndrome' for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and 'Sipple syndrome' for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. |
| 1972 | Vance | Suggested the importance of primary genetic lesion in endocrine adenomatosis in developing neoplasia and hyperfunctioning of islet of langerhans [4]. |
| 1982 | McCarthy | Identified 2 different causes of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, malignant type and the one linked with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 [5]. |
| 1983 | Hershon | Identified family members from Pacific Northwest with prolactinomas but with no pancreatic tumors. |
| 1985 | Bear | Referred the disorders reported from Burin as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Burin. |
| 1986 | Brandi | Suggested the humoral cause of primary hyperparathyroidism in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. |
| 1986 | Schimke | Suggested a 2 step model of pathogenesis which include germline mutation followed by somatic mutation later. |
| 1986 | Bahn | Identified 25 year old monozygotic twins with one having primary hyperparathyroidism, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, cushing's disease, and hyperprolactinemia and the other have primary hyperparathyroidism and hyperprolactinemia [6]. |
| 1986 | Maton | Identified that cushing's syndrome is more common with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome [7]. |
| 1988 | The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 locus was assigned to chromosome 11 (11q13). | |
| 1993 | Gaitan | Described mother and daughter with cushing's disease due to ACTH secreting tumor [8]. |
| 1994 | Petty | Identified that gene involved in Pacific Northwest studies and Burin studies linked to 11q chromosome. |
| 1997 | Darling | Suggested that one of the diagnostic findings of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is cutaneous manifestations. |
| 1998 | The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 gene was cloned [9]. | |
| 1999 | Yu | Identified that gastrinoma growth is the single most important factor in deciding the long term survival of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome [10]. |
| 2001 | Bordi | Identified patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome to have carcinoid tumors [11]. |
References
- ↑ UNDERWOOD LE, JACOBS NM (1963). "FAMILIAL ENDOCRINE ADENOMATOSIS. A FAMILY WITH HYPERINSULINISM AS THE PREDOMINANT MANIFESTATION". Am J Dis Child. 106: 218–23. PMID 14056823.
- ↑ Guida PM, Todd JE, Mooe SW, Beal JM (1966). "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with interesting variations. Report of twelve cases including one of carcinoid of the duodenum". Am J Surg. 112 (6): 807–17. PMID 4288594.
- ↑ Johnson GJ, Summerskill WH, Anderson VE, Keating FR (1967). "Clinical and genetic investigation of a large kindred with multiple endocrine adenomatosis". N Engl J Med. 277 (26): 1379–85. doi:10.1056/NEJM196712282772601. PMID 4384073.
- ↑ [1] MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA, TYPE I; MEN1
- ↑ McCarthy DM (1982). "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome". Annu Rev Med. 33: 197–215. doi:10.1146/annurev.me.33.020182.001213. PMID 7044271.
- ↑ Bahn RS, Scheithauer BW, van Heerden JA, Laws ER, Horvath E, Gharib H (1986). "Nonidentical expressions of multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I, in identical twins". Mayo Clin Proc. 61 (9): 689–96. PMID 2875227.
- ↑ Maton PN, Gardner JD, Jensen RT (1986). "Cushing's syndrome in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome". N Engl J Med. 315 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1056/NEJM198607033150101. PMID 2872593.
- ↑ Gaitan D, Loosen PT, Orth DN (1993). "Two patients with Cushing's disease in a kindred with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I." J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 76 (6): 1580–2. doi:10.1210/jcem.76.6.8099078. PMID 8099078.
- ↑ Guru SC, Manickam P, Crabtree JS, Olufemi SE, Agarwal SK, Debelenko LV. Identification and characterization of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene. J Intern Med 243(6) 433-9
- ↑ Yu F, Venzon DJ, Serrano J, Goebel SU, Doppman JL, Gibril F; et al. (1999). "Prospective study of the clinical course, prognostic factors, causes of death, and survival in patients with long-standing Zollinger-Ellison syndrome". J Clin Oncol. 17 (2): 615–30. PMID 10080607.
- ↑ Bordi C, Corleto VD, Azzoni C, Pizzi S, Ferraro G, Gibril F; et al. (2001). "The antral mucosa as a new site for endocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and Zollinger-Ellison syndromes". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 86 (5): 2236–42. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.5.7479. PMID 11344233.