Mastoiditis surgery

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Mastoiditis Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

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Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mastoiditis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

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Laboratory Findings

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Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

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Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2]

Overview

Different surgical procedures may be performed to treat mastoiditis. Myringotomy is surgical perforation of the tympanic membrane. It should be considered the primary treatment in all cases of infectious mastoiditis following otitis media, particularly when there is an unperforated tympanic membrane or inadequate drainage. Tympanocentesis should be performed in all mastoiditis patients to obtain middle ear fluid for culture and susceptibility testing. Myringotomy accompanied by the additional insertion of a tympanostomy tube is indicated in some cases, such as Eustachian tube dysfunction, suppurative complications requiring additional drainage, and when tympanic membrane must be repaired from Eustachian tube dysfunction. Definitive surgery is mastoidectomy, which is the surgical removal of the mastoid cortical bone and underlying air cells. Indications for mastoidectomy may include subperiosteal abscess such as postauricular fluctuance or mass, chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma, progression of postauricular swelling or fluctuance, fever, and other clinical findings or continuous drainage despite parenteral antimicrobial therapy and myringotomy.

Surgical procedures and indications

Different surgical procedures may be performed to treat mastoiditis:[1][2][3][4]

Incision and drainage of the mastoid abscess:

When fluctuation presents, drainage must be done immediately to achieve complete drainage of the pus.

Myringotomy

Myringotomy is the surgical perforation of the tympanic membrane.

Tympanocentesis

Tympanocentesis should be done in all mastoiditis patients to obtain middle ear fluid for culture and susceptibility testing.

Tympanostomy tube

Myringotomy accompanied by the additional insertion of a tympanostomy tube is indicated in the following:

Otorrhea is a possible complication of performing a myringotomy with a tympanostomy tube, affecting up to 17% of infected ears.[3]

Mastoidectomy

Definitive surgery is mastoidectomy, which is the surgical removal of the mastoid cortical bone and underlying air cells.

Methods

Indications for mastoidectomy may include:

The following video presents surgical procedures for mastoiditis:

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References

  1. Zanetti D, Nassif N (2006). "Indications for surgery in acute mastoiditis and their complications in children". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 70 (7): 1175–82. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.12.002. PMID 16413617.
  2. "Pediatric Guidelines: Head and Neck Infections - Mastoiditis | Infectious Diseases Management Program at UCSF".
  3. Lin HW, Shargorodsky J, Gopen Q (2010). "Clinical strategies for the management of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population". Clin Pediatr (Phila). 49 (2): 110–5. doi:10.1177/0009922809344349. PMID 19734439.
  4. Pang LH, Barakate MS, Havas TE (2009). "Mastoiditis in a paediatric population: a review of 11 years experience in management". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 73 (11): 1520–4. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.07.003. PMID 19758711.

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