Hypopituitarism MRI
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
MRI
- MRI is the imaging procedure of choice in diagnosis of hypopituitarism. It is preferred over the CT scan as optic chiasm, pituitary stalk, and cavernous sinuses can be seen in MRI.[1]
- A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan may show a three-dimensional image of pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and the organs near them.
- MRI is used to detect the underlying cause of hypopituitarism like the pituitary adenoma that can be seen as a mass with hormonal hypersecretion.
- There is a positive correlation between MRI findings and the number of pituitary hormonal deficiencies.
- An MRI lesion needs to be related to clinical and lab findings. Absence of an MRI lesion mostly indicates a non-organic etiology.
- MRI scan shows the following findings in cases of hypopituitarism:[2]
- Decreased size of the pituitary gland.
- Empty sella may be noticed in some cases.
- Pituitary stalk may be visible, thin, or totally abscent.
- Posterior lobe of the pituitary may be abscent.
- Mass may appear in the pituitary.
- Ectopic posterior lobe of the pituitary gland may be observed in cases of pituitary dwarfism.
Ectopic posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
MRI scan in cases of ectopic posterior lobe shows the following:[3]
- Abscence of the posterior pituitary bright spot
- High T1 signal 3-8-mm tissue nodule at the median eminence (floor of third ventricle)
References
- ↑ Vance, Mary Lee (1994). "Hypopituitarism". New England Journal of Medicine. 330 (23): 1651–1662. doi:10.1056/NEJM199406093302306. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Pozzi Mucelli, R. S.; Frezza, F.; Magnaldi, S.; Proto, G. (1992). "Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with panhypopituitarism". European Radiology. 2 (1): 42–46. doi:10.1007/BF00714180. ISSN 0938-7994.
- ↑ Mitchell LA, Thomas PQ, Zacharin MR, Scheffer IE (2002). "Ectopic posterior pituitary lobe and periventricular heterotopia: cerebral malformations with the same underlying mechanism?". AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 23 (9): 1475–81. PMID 12372734.