Hypogonadism classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Classification
There are many possible types of hypogonadism and several ways to categorize them.
Congenital v/s Acquired
- An example of congenital hypogonadism (present at birth) is Turner syndrome.
- An example of acquired hypogonadism (develops in childhood or adult life) is castration.
Hormones v/s Fertility
Hypogonadism can involve just hormone production or just fertility, but most commonly involves both.
- Examples of hypogonadism that affect hormone production more than fertility are hypopituitarism and Kallmann syndrome; in both cases fertility is reduced until hormones are replaced but can be achieved solely with hormone replacement.
- Examples of hypogonadism that affect fertility more than hormone production are Klinefelter syndrome and Kartagener syndrome.
Affected System
Hypogonadism is also categorized by endocrinologists by the level of the reproductive system which is defective.
- Hypogonadism resulting from defects of the gonads is traditionally referred to as primary hypogonadism. Examples include Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome.
- Hypogonadism resulting from hypothalamic or pituitary defects are termed secondary hypogonadism or central hypogonadism (referring to the central nervous system).
- Examples of Hypothalamic defects include Kallmann syndrome
- Examples of Pituitary defects include hypopituitarism
- An example of a hypogonadism resulting from hormone response is androgen insensitivity syndrome