Hypogonadism natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

If left untreated, patients with hypogonadism will end up with infertility and rheumatic autoimmune diseas. These autoimmune disease include rheumatic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Complications of hypogonadism depend on age and include ambiguous genitalia in the newborn, gynecomastia, and delay of puberty in the prepubertal phase. Complications also include depression and cardiovascular stroke in the adults. Prognosis of hypogonadism is regarded as good for patients who receive treatment and can have a normal life with appropriate medical therapy.

Natural History

Complications

Complications of hypogonadism depend on the age of the patient. Complications that can develop are enlisted as the following:[2]

Prognosis

  • The prognosis of hypogonadism is good with treatment and patients can have a normal life with the appropriate medical therapy.[3]

References

  1. Baillargeon J, Al Snih S, Raji MA, Urban RJ, Sharma G, Sheffield-Moore M; et al. (2016). "Hypogonadism and the risk of rheumatic autoimmune disease". Clin Rheumatol. 35 (12): 2983–2987. doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3330-x. PMID 27325124.
  2. Arver S, Luong B, Fraschke A, Ghatnekar O, Stanisic S, Gultyev D; et al. (2014). "Is testosterone replacement therapy in males with hypogonadism cost-effective? An analysis in Sweden". J Sex Med. 11 (1): 262–72. doi:10.1111/jsm.12277. PMID 23937088.
  3. Rahnema CD, Lipshultz LI, Crosnoe LE, Kovac JR, Kim ED (2014). "Anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism: diagnosis and treatment". Fertil Steril. 101 (5): 1271–9. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.002. PMID 24636400.

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