Hypoaldosteronism causes: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Akshun}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Akshun}}  
==Overview==
==Overview==
The most common cause of hypoaldosteronism is [[diabetic nephropathy]], [[acute glomerulonephritis]], [[tuberculosis]], [[hemorrhage]], [[infarction]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[AIDS]], [[CMV]], and [[Addison's disease]]. Less common causes of hypoaldosteronism include [[sarcoidosis]], [[amyloidosis]], [[fungal infections]], [[AIDS]] complications, and [[hemochromatosis]].
The most common cause of hypoaldosteronism is [[diabetic nephropathy]]. Other common causes are [[acute glomerulonephritis]], [[tuberculosis]], [[hemorrhage]], [[infarction]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[AIDS]], [[CMV]], and [[Addison's disease]]. Less common causes of hypoaldosteronism include [[sarcoidosis]], [[amyloidosis]], [[fungal infections]], [[AIDS]] complications, and [[hemochromatosis]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
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Life-threatening causes of hypoaldosteronism include:<ref name="pmid12704285">{{cite journal |vauthors=LaBan MM, Whitmore CE, Taylor RS |title=Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage after anticoagulation prophylaxis for bilateral knee arthroplasty |journal=Am J Phys Med Rehabil |volume=82 |issue=5 |pages=418–20 |year=2003 |pmid=12704285 |doi=10.1097/01.PHM.0000064741.97586.E4 |url=}}</ref>
Life-threatening causes of hypoaldosteronism include:<ref name="pmid12704285">{{cite journal |vauthors=LaBan MM, Whitmore CE, Taylor RS |title=Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage after anticoagulation prophylaxis for bilateral knee arthroplasty |journal=Am J Phys Med Rehabil |volume=82 |issue=5 |pages=418–20 |year=2003 |pmid=12704285 |doi=10.1097/01.PHM.0000064741.97586.E4 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Adrenal gland|Adrenal]] [[infarction]]
*[[Adrenal gland|Adrenal]] [[infarction]]
*[[Adrenal hemorrhage|Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage]](caused by [[trauma]], [[anticoagulant therapy]], or [[coagulation disorders]]).
*[[Adrenal hemorrhage|Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage]] (caused by [[trauma]], [[anticoagulant therapy]], or [[coagulation disorders]]).
*Cancerous destruction of the [[adrenal gland]], secondary to infiltrative or [[metastatic]] [[disease]].
*Cancerous destruction of the [[adrenal gland]], secondary to infiltrative or [[metastatic]] [[disease]].
*[[Tuberculosis|Tubercular]] and [[fungal]] destruction of [[Adrenal glands|adrenal glands.]]
*[[Tuberculosis|Tubercular]] and [[fungal]] destruction of [[Adrenal glands|adrenal glands.]]
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* [[Diabetic nephropathy]]
* [[Diabetic nephropathy]]
* [[Acute glomerulonephritis]]
* [[Acute glomerulonephritis]]
* Any cause of [[renal insufficiency]]
* [[Autoimmune]]/[[Idiopathic]]
* [[Autoimmune]]/[[Idiopathic]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[AIDS]]
* [[AIDS]]
* [[CMV]]
* [[CMV]]
* [[Hemorrhage]]
* [[Hemorrhage]] into [[adrenal glands]]
* [[Infarction]]
* [[Adrenal gland]] [[Infarction]]
* [[Sarcoidosis]]
* [[Sarcoidosis]]
* [[Infections]]


===Less common causes===
===Less common causes===
Less common causes of hypoaldosteronism  include:  
Less common causes of hypoaldosteronism  include:  
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Fungal infections]]
*[[Fungal infections]]
*[[AIDS]] complications
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
*Polyglandular endocrine syndromes
*[[Polyglandular]] endocrine syndromes
*Adrenoleukodystrophy
*[[Adrenoleukodystrophy]]
*Adrenomyelodystrophy
*Adrenomyelodystrophy


===Drugs causing hypoaldosteronism===
===Drugs causing hypoaldosteronism===
Other less common causes of hypoaldosteronism include [[drugs]] such as:<ref name="pmid2483440">{{cite journal |vauthors=Missale C, Lombardi C, De Cotiis R, Memo M, Carruba MO, Spano PF |title=Dopaminergic receptor mechanisms modulating the renin-angiotensin system and aldosterone secretion: an overview |journal=J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. |volume=14 Suppl 8 |issue= |pages=S29–39 |year=1989 |pmid=2483440 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18331727">{{cite journal |vauthors=Akizuki O, Inayoshi A, Kitayama T, Yao K, Shirakura S, Sasaki K, Kusaka H, Matsubara M |title=Blockade of T-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels by benidipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, inhibits aldosterone production in human adrenocortical cell line NCI-H295R |journal=Eur. J. Pharmacol. |volume=584 |issue=2-3 |pages=424–34 |year=2008 |pmid=18331727 |doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="IkedaIsaka2012">{{cite journal|last1=Ikeda|first1=Keiichi|last2=Isaka|first2=Tsuyoshi|last3=Fujioka|first3=Kouki|last4=Manome|first4=Yoshinobu|last5=Tojo|first5=Katsuyoshi|title=Suppression of Aldosterone Synthesis and Secretion by Channel Antagonists|journal=International Journal of Endocrinology|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–6|issn=1687-8337|doi=10.1155/2012/519467}}</ref><ref name="pmid744152">{{cite journal |vauthors=McKenna TJ, Island DP, Nicholson WE, Liddle GW |title=The effects of potassium on early and late steps in aldosterone biosynthesis in cells of the zona glomerulosa |journal=Endocrinology |volume=103 |issue=4 |pages=1411–6 |year=1978 |pmid=744152 |doi=10.1210/endo-103-4-1411 |url=}}</ref>
Other less common causes of hypoaldosteronism include [[drugs]] such as:<ref name="pmid2483440">{{cite journal |vauthors=Missale C, Lombardi C, De Cotiis R, Memo M, Carruba MO, Spano PF |title=Dopaminergic receptor mechanisms modulating the renin-angiotensin system and aldosterone secretion: an overview |journal=J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. |volume=14 Suppl 8 |issue= |pages=S29–39 |year=1989 |pmid=2483440 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18331727">{{cite journal |vauthors=Akizuki O, Inayoshi A, Kitayama T, Yao K, Shirakura S, Sasaki K, Kusaka H, Matsubara M |title=Blockade of T-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels by benidipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, inhibits aldosterone production in human adrenocortical cell line NCI-H295R |journal=Eur. J. Pharmacol. |volume=584 |issue=2-3 |pages=424–34 |year=2008 |pmid=18331727 |doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="IkedaIsaka2012">{{cite journal|last1=Ikeda|first1=Keiichi|last2=Isaka|first2=Tsuyoshi|last3=Fujioka|first3=Kouki|last4=Manome|first4=Yoshinobu|last5=Tojo|first5=Katsuyoshi|title=Suppression of Aldosterone Synthesis and Secretion by Channel Antagonists|journal=International Journal of Endocrinology|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–6|issn=1687-8337|doi=10.1155/2012/519467}}</ref><ref name="pmid744152">{{cite journal |vauthors=McKenna TJ, Island DP, Nicholson WE, Liddle GW |title=The effects of potassium on early and late steps in aldosterone biosynthesis in cells of the zona glomerulosa |journal=Endocrinology |volume=103 |issue=4 |pages=1411–6 |year=1978 |pmid=744152 |doi=10.1210/endo-103-4-1411 |url=}}</ref><ref name="CareyDrake1986">{{cite journal|last1=Carey|first1=R. M.|last2=Drake|first2=C. R.|title=Dopamine selectively inhibits aldosterone responses to angiotensin II in humans|journal=Hypertension|volume=8|issue=5|year=1986|pages=399–406|issn=0194-911X|doi=10.1161/01.HYP.8.5.399}}</ref>
   
   
{| class="wikitable"
{|
!Decreased renin release
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center " - | Decreased renin release
!Inhibition of  
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center " - | Inhibition of  
aldosterone synthase
aldosterone synthase
!Decreased  production  
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center " - | Decreased  production  
of aldosterone
of aldosterone
!Decreased effect of  
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center " - | Decreased effect of  
aldosterone
aldosterone
!Drugs that impair  
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center " - | Drugs that impair  
adrenal function
adrenal function
!Direct inhibition
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center " - | Direct inhibition
of zona glomerulosa
of zona glomerulosa
!Dopaminergic agonists
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center " - | Dopaminergic agonists
|-
|-
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Acebutolol]]  
*[[Acebutolol]]  
*[[Atenolol]]  
*[[Atenolol]]  
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*[[Indomethacin]]
*[[Indomethacin]]
*[[Naproxen]]
*[[Naproxen]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Cyclosporine]]
*[[Cyclosporine]]
*[[Tacrolimus]] 
*[[Tacrolimus]] 
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*[[Cilnidipine]]  
*[[Cilnidipine]]  
*[[Efonidipine]]  
*[[Efonidipine]]  
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Captopril]]  
*[[Captopril]]  
*[[Enalapril]]   
*[[Enalapril]]   
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*[[Lisinopril]]  
*[[Lisinopril]]  
*[[Moexipril]]  
*[[Moexipril]]  
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Amiloride]]
*[[Amiloride]]
*[[Eplerenone]]  
*[[Eplerenone]]  
*[[Spironolactone]]  
*[[Spironolactone]]  
*[[Triamterene]]  
*[[Triamterene]]  
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Aminoglutethimide]]  
*[[Aminoglutethimide]]  
*[[Metyrapone]]
*[[Metyrapone]]
*[[Mitotane]]
*[[Mitotane]]
*[[Trilostane]]
*[[Trilostane]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Heparin]] sodium
*[[Heparin]] sodium
*[[Nitric oxide]]
*[[Nitric oxide]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Bromocriptine]]
*[[Bromocriptine]]
*[[Metoclopramide]]
*[[Metoclopramide]]
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{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 18:03, 27 October 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

The most common cause of hypoaldosteronism is diabetic nephropathy. Other common causes are acute glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis, hemorrhage, infarction, sarcoidosis, AIDS, CMV, and Addison's disease. Less common causes of hypoaldosteronism include sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, fungal infections, AIDS complications, and hemochromatosis.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes of hypoaldosteronism include:[1]

Common Causes

Common causes of hypoaldosteronism include:[2]

Less common causes

Less common causes of hypoaldosteronism include:

Drugs causing hypoaldosteronism

Other less common causes of hypoaldosteronism include drugs such as:[3][4][5][6][7]

Decreased renin release Inhibition of

aldosterone synthase

Decreased production

of aldosterone

Decreased effect of

aldosterone

Drugs that impair

adrenal function

Direct inhibition

of zona glomerulosa

Dopaminergic agonists

References

  1. ↑ LaBan MM, Whitmore CE, Taylor RS (2003). "Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage after anticoagulation prophylaxis for bilateral knee arthroplasty". Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 82 (5): 418–20. doi:10.1097/01.PHM.0000064741.97586.E4. PMID 12704285.
  2. ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:14-15
  3. ↑ Missale C, Lombardi C, De Cotiis R, Memo M, Carruba MO, Spano PF (1989). "Dopaminergic receptor mechanisms modulating the renin-angiotensin system and aldosterone secretion: an overview". J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 14 Suppl 8: S29–39. PMID 2483440.
  4. ↑ Akizuki O, Inayoshi A, Kitayama T, Yao K, Shirakura S, Sasaki K, Kusaka H, Matsubara M (2008). "Blockade of T-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels by benidipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, inhibits aldosterone production in human adrenocortical cell line NCI-H295R". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 584 (2–3): 424–34. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.001. PMID 18331727.
  5. ↑ Ikeda, Keiichi; Isaka, Tsuyoshi; Fujioka, Kouki; Manome, Yoshinobu; Tojo, Katsuyoshi (2012). "Suppression of Aldosterone Synthesis and Secretion by Channel Antagonists". International Journal of Endocrinology. 2012: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2012/519467. ISSN 1687-8337.
  6. ↑ McKenna TJ, Island DP, Nicholson WE, Liddle GW (1978). "The effects of potassium on early and late steps in aldosterone biosynthesis in cells of the zona glomerulosa". Endocrinology. 103 (4): 1411–6. doi:10.1210/endo-103-4-1411. PMID 744152.
  7. ↑ Carey, R. M.; Drake, C. R. (1986). "Dopamine selectively inhibits aldosterone responses to angiotensin II in humans". Hypertension. 8 (5): 399–406. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.8.5.399. ISSN 0194-911X.

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