High cholesterol causes: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
High cholesterol level can result from various causes which include: genetic (e.g. apo A-I deficiency, apolipoprotein B deficiency, apolipoprotein C2 deficiency, apoliprotein E deficiency, autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial hypercholesterolemia); side effect of medications (e.g. antiretroviral therapy, beta blockers, corticosteroids); metabolic (e.g. metabolic syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease type B, obesity, Zieve's syndrome), endocrine (e.g. polycystic ovary syndrome, Werner syndrome) and many other conditions.
Elevated cholesterol level can be caused by a wide variety of factors which include: genetic (e.g. [[familial hypercholesterolemia]]); endocrine (e.g. [[diabetes mellitus]] ); drug side effect (e.g. [[beta blockers]], [[thiazide diuretics]]); kidney disease (e.g. [[nephrotic syndrome]], [[chronic kidney disease]]), and many other factors.


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.  High cholesterol in itself is not a life threatening condition.


===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
*[[Beta blockers]]<ref name="pmid7992988">{{cite journal| author=Kasiske BL, Ma JZ, Kalil RS, Louis TA| title=Effects of antihypertensive therapy on serum lipids. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1995 | volume= 122 | issue= 2 | pages= 133-41 | pmid=7992988 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7992988  }} </ref>
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Binge eating disorder]]
*[[Apo A-I deficiency]]
*[[Corticosteroids]]<ref name="pmid12922956">{{cite journal| author=Boers M, Nurmohamed MT, Doelman CJ, Lard LR, Verhoeven AC, Voskuyl AE et al.| title=Influence of glucocorticoids and disease activity on total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | journal=Ann Rheum Dis | year= 2003 | volume= 62 | issue= 9 | pages= 842-5 | pmid=12922956 | doi= | pmc=PMC1754645 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12922956  }} </ref>
*[[Berardinelli–Seip syndrome ]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis ]]
*[[Metabolic syndrome ]]
*[[Alagille syndrome]]
*[[Alström syndrome]]
*[[Analbuminaemia]]
*[[Antiretroviral therapy]]
*[[Apolipoprotein B deficiency]]
*[[Apolipoprotein C2|Apolipoprotein C2 deficiency]]
*[[Apolipoprotein E|Apoliprotein E deficiency]]
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia|Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia]]
*[[Beta blockers]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Binge eating disorder]]
*[[Chronic kidney disease]]
*[[Corticosteroids]]
*[[Cyclosporine]]
*[[Estrogens]]
*[[Estrogens]]
*[[Everolimus]]
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia]]<ref name="pmid1534286">{{cite journal| author=Genest JJ, Martin-Munley SS, McNamara JR, Ordovas JM, Jenner J, Myers RH et al.| title=Familial lipoprotein disorders in patients with premature coronary artery disease. | journal=Circulation | year= 1992 | volume= 85 | issue= 6 | pages= 2025-33 | pmid=1534286 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1534286  }} </ref>
*[[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]]
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia]]
*[[Glycogen storage disease type 1a]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 3]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 6]]
*[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Obesity|Lack of physical inactivity ]]
*[[Metabolic syndrome]]
*[[Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]]
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]]
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]]
*[[Niemann-Pick disease type B ]]
*[[Obesity]]
*[[Obesity]]
*[[Olanzapine]]
*[[Polycystic ovary syndrome]]
*[[Pregnancy]]
*[[Pregnancy]]
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
*[[Thiazide diuretics]]
*[[Sirolimus]]
*[[Temsirolimus]]
*[[Thiazide diuretics ]]
*[[Tofacitinib]]
*[[Zieve's syndrome]]
{{col-end}}


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cyclosporine]], [[estrogens]], [[everolimus]], [[olanzapine]], [[sirolimus]], [[temsirolimus]], [[thiazide diuretics ]], [[tofacitinib]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Estrogens]], [[everolimus]], [[olanzapine]], [[sirolimus]], [[temsirolimus]], [[thiazide diuretics ]], [[tofacitinib]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[metabolic syndrome]], [[polycystic ovary syndrome]],[[hypothyroidism]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[metabolic syndrome]], [[polycystic ovary syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Analbuminaemia]], [[apo A-I deficiency]], [[apolipoprotein B deficiency]], [[Apolipoprotein C2|Apolipoprotein C2 deficiency]], [[Apoliprotein E|apoliprotein E deficiency]], [[Familial hypercholesterolemia|autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia]], [[familial combined hyperlipidemia]], [[familial hypercholesterolemia]], [[glycogen storage disease type 1a]], [[glycogenosis type 3]], [[glycogenosis type 6]], [[Hyperlipoproteinemia|familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5]], [[lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]], [[lipoprotein lipase deficiency]], [[Niemann-Pick disease type B]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Analbuminaemia]], [[apolipoprotein B deficiency]], [[Apolipoprotein C2|Apolipoprotein C2 deficiency]], [[Apoliprotein E|apoliprotein E deficiency]], [[Familial hypercholesterolemia|autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia]], [[familial combined hyperlipidemia]], [[familial hypercholesterolemia]], [[Hyperlipoproteinemia|familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5]], [[glycogen storage disease type 1a]], [[glycogenosis type 3]], [[glycogenosis type 6]], [[lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]], [[lipoprotein lipase deficiency]], [[Niemann-Pick disease type B]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Zieve's syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Apo A-I deficiency]], [[Apoliprotein E|apoliprotein E deficiency]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Apoliprotein E|Apoliprotein E deficiency]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Metabolic syndrome]], [[ Niemann-Pick disease type B]], [[obesity]], [[Zieve's syndrome]],[[Berardinelli–seip syndrome]], [[analbuminaemia]], [[diabetes mellitus]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Analbuminaemia]], [[Berardinelli–Seip syndrome]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[glycogenosis type 3]], [[glycogenosis type 6]], [[metabolic syndrome]], [[ Niemann-Pick disease type B]], [[obesity]], [[Zieve's syndrome]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[hashimoto's thyroiditis ]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis ]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Apo A-I deficiency]]
*[[Alagille syndrome]]
*[[Alagille syndrome]]
*[[Alström syndrome]]
*[[Alström syndrome]]
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*[[Chronic kidney disease]]
*[[Chronic kidney disease]]
*[[Corticosteroids]]
*[[Corticosteroids]]
*[[Cyclosporine]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
*[[Estrogens]]
*[[Estrogens]]
*[[Everolimus]]
*[[Everolimus]]
*[[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]]
*[[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]]
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia]]
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia]]
*[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5]]
*[[Glycogen storage disease type 1a]]
*[[Glycogen storage disease type 1a]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 3]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 3]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 6]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 6]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis ]]
*[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]
*[[Obesity|Lack of physical inactivity ]]
*[[Obesity|Lack of physical activity]]
*[[Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]]
*[[Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]]
*[[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]]
*[[Metabolic syndrome]]
*[[Metabolic syndrome ]]
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]]
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]]
*[[Niemann-Pick disease type B ]]
*[[Niemann-Pick disease type B ]]
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*[[Sirolimus]]
*[[Sirolimus]]
*[[Temsirolimus]]
*[[Temsirolimus]]
*[[Thiazide diuretics ]]
*[[Thiazide diuretics]]
*[[Tofacitinib]]
*[[Tofacitinib]]
*[[Zieve's syndrome]]
*[[Zieve's syndrome]]
Line 233: Line 198:
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Lipoproteins]]
[[Category:Lipoproteins]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]


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Latest revision as of 15:44, 25 September 2013

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2]

Overview

Elevated cholesterol level can be caused by a wide variety of factors which include: genetic (e.g. familial hypercholesterolemia); endocrine (e.g. diabetes mellitus ); drug side effect (e.g. beta blockers, thiazide diuretics); kidney disease (e.g. nephrotic syndrome, chronic kidney disease), and many other factors.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. High cholesterol in itself is not a life threatening condition.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Alagille syndrome, familial hypercholesterolemia
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Estrogens, everolimus, olanzapine, sirolimus, temsirolimus, thiazide diuretics , tofacitinib
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Glycogenosis type 3, glycogenosis type 6, Niemann-Pick disease type B , primary biliary cirrhosis, Stauffer syndrome, Zieve's syndrome
Genetic Analbuminaemia, apolipoprotein B deficiency, Apolipoprotein C2 deficiency, apoliprotein E deficiency, autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5, glycogen storage disease type 1a, glycogenosis type 3, glycogenosis type 6, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, Niemann-Pick disease type B
Hematologic Zieve's syndrome
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Berardinelli–Seip syndrome
Neurologic Apoliprotein E deficiency
Nutritional/Metabolic Analbuminaemia, Berardinelli–Seip syndrome, diabetes mellitus, glycogenosis type 3, glycogenosis type 6, metabolic syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease type B, obesity, Zieve's syndrome
Obstetric/Gynecologic Polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic Alström syndrome
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Binge eating disorder
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Chronic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Lack of physical inactivity

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. Kasiske BL, Ma JZ, Kalil RS, Louis TA (1995). "Effects of antihypertensive therapy on serum lipids". Ann Intern Med. 122 (2): 133–41. PMID 7992988.
  2. Boers M, Nurmohamed MT, Doelman CJ, Lard LR, Verhoeven AC, Voskuyl AE; et al. (2003). "Influence of glucocorticoids and disease activity on total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis". Ann Rheum Dis. 62 (9): 842–5. PMC 1754645. PMID 12922956.
  3. Genest JJ, Martin-Munley SS, McNamara JR, Ordovas JM, Jenner J, Myers RH; et al. (1992). "Familial lipoprotein disorders in patients with premature coronary artery disease". Circulation. 85 (6): 2025–33. PMID 1534286.


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