Endometriosis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Endometriosis]] affects approximately 11,000 per 100,000 females of reproductive age. [[Endometriosis]] is more common in the Caucasian population than the African American population. [[Endometriosis]] accounts for the majority of patients with [[chronic pelvic pain]] and [[infertility]].
==Epidemiology and Demographics ==
==Epidemiology and Demographics ==
=== Epidemiology ===
*Epidemiological data for endometriosis is scarce due to the following reasons:<ref name="pmid11949940">{{cite journal| author=Cramer DW, Missmer SA| title=The epidemiology of endometriosis. | journal=Ann N Y Acad Sci | year= 2002 | volume= 955 | issue= | pages= 11-22; discussion 34-6, 396-406 | pmid=11949940 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11949940  }} </ref>
Endometriosis can affect any woman, from [[menarche|premenarche]] to [[menopause|postmenopause]], regardless of her race, ethnicity or whether or not she has had children. Endometriosis often persists after [[menopause]]. Endometriosis in postmenopausal women is an extremely aggressive form of this disease characterized by complete progesterone resistance and extraordinarily high levels of aromatase expression. <ref name=Medscape>{{cite web | Serdar E. Bulun, M.D., Hironobu Sasano, M.D. and Evan R. Simpson, Ph.D. | title =Aromatase Expression in Postmenopausal Endometriosis | publisher=Medscape | work = Aromatase in Aging Women | url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/417903_6 | year = 1999 | accessdate=2007-9-23}}</ref> A majority of 50 postmenopausal women diagnosed with endometriosis had no previous history of the disease. In less common cases, girls may have endometriosis before they even reach menarche.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Batt RE | coauthors=Mitwally MF | date=2003-12-01 | title=Endometriosis from thelarche to midteens: pathogenesis and prognosis, prevention and pedagogy | journal=Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology | volume=16 | issue=6 | pages=337&ndash;47 | id=PMID 14642954 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14642954&dopt=Abstract | accessdate=2006-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Marsh EE | coauthors=Laufer MR | date=2005-03-01 | title=Endometriosis in premenarcheal girls who do not have an associated obstructive anomaly | journal=Fertility and sterility | volume=83 | issue=3 | pages=758&ndash;60 | id=PMID 15749511 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15749511&dopt=Abstract | accessdate=2006-04-15}}</ref>
**Endometriosis includes a wide spectrum of symptoms and pathologic findings.
**Endometriosis is [[asymptomatic]] in the early stages and a diagnosis is usually made for the first time as a part of infertility work up.


Current estimates place the number of women with endometriosis at between 5% and 20% of women of reproductive age. About 30% to 40% of women with endometriosis are infertile, making it one of the leading causes of infertility. However, endometriosis-related infertility is often treated successfully with surgical destruction of the disease. Some women do not find out that they have endometriosis until they have trouble getting pregnant. While the presence of extensive endometriosis distorts pelvic anatomy and thus explains [[infertility]], the relationship between early or mild endometriosis and infertility is less clear. The relationship between endometriosis and infertility is an active area of research.
===Prevalence===
*Worldwide, the [[prevalence]] of endometriosis is approximately 11,000 per 100,000 females in reproductive age group.<ref name="Buck LouisHediger2011">{{cite journal|last1=Buck Louis|first1=Germaine M.|last2=Hediger|first2=Mary L.|last3=Peterson|first3=C. Matthew|last4=Croughan|first4=Mary|last5=Sundaram|first5=Rajeshwari|last6=Stanford|first6=Joseph|last7=Chen|first7=Zhen|last8=Fujimoto|first8=Victor Y.|last9=Varner|first9=Michael W.|last10=Trumble|first10=Ann|last11=Giudice|first11=Linda C.|title=Incidence of endometriosis by study population and diagnostic method: the ENDO study|journal=Fertility and Sterility|volume=96|issue=2|year=2011|pages=360–365|issn=00150282|doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.087}}</ref>
*[[Endometriosis]] accounts for 33,000 per 100,000 cases with [[chronic pelvic pain]] and 17,000 per 100,000 cases with [[infertility]].<ref name="pmid11469608">{{cite journal| author=McDonald JS| title=Diagnosis and treatment issues of chronic pelvic pain. | journal=World J Urol | year= 2001 | volume= 19 | issue= 3 | pages= 200-7 | pmid=11469608 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11469608  }} </ref>


Early endometriosis typically occurs on the surfaces of organs in the pelvic and intraabdominal areas. Health care providers may call areas of endometriosis by different names, such as implants, lesions, or nodules. Larger lesions may be seen within the ovaries as ''endometriomas'' or chocolate cysts (They are termed chocolate because they contain a thick brownish fluid, mostly old blood). Endometriosis may trigger inflammatory responses leading to scar formation and [[Adhesion (medicine)|adhesions]].
===Race===
Most endometriosis is found on structures in the [[pelvic cavity]]:
*[[Endometriosis]] is more common in the Caucasian population than the African American population.<ref name="pmid11949940">{{cite journal| author=Cramer DW, Missmer SA| title=The epidemiology of endometriosis. | journal=Ann N Y Acad Sci | year= 2002 | volume= 955 | issue= | pages= 11-22; discussion 34-6, 396-406 | pmid=11949940 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11949940  }} </ref>
* [[Ovary|Ovaries]]
* [[Fallopian tube]]s
* The back of the [[uterus]] and the posterior culdesac
* The front of the uterus and the anterior culdesac
* Uterine [[ligament]]s such as the broad or round ligament of the uterus
* [[Intestine]]s, particularly the [[vermiform appendix|appendix]]
* [[Urinary bladder]]


Endometriosis may spread to the [[cervix]] and [[vagina]] or to sites of a surgical abdominal incision.
===Age===
In extremely rare cases, endometriosis areas can grow in the [[lungs]] or other parts of the body.
*[[Endometriosis]] is a condition affecting women in the reproductive age group (usually between 15 and 45 years of age).


Surgically, endometriosis can be staged I-IV (Revised Classification of the [[American Society of Reproductive Medicine]]).
===Gender===
*[[Endometriosis]] is a condition that affects females.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 12:15, 17 August 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Endometriosis affects approximately 11,000 per 100,000 females of reproductive age. Endometriosis is more common in the Caucasian population than the African American population. Endometriosis accounts for the majority of patients with chronic pelvic pain and infertility.

Epidemiology and Demographics

  • Epidemiological data for endometriosis is scarce due to the following reasons:[1]
    • Endometriosis includes a wide spectrum of symptoms and pathologic findings.
    • Endometriosis is asymptomatic in the early stages and a diagnosis is usually made for the first time as a part of infertility work up.

Prevalence

Race

  • Endometriosis is more common in the Caucasian population than the African American population.[1]

Age

  • Endometriosis is a condition affecting women in the reproductive age group (usually between 15 and 45 years of age).

Gender

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Cramer DW, Missmer SA (2002). "The epidemiology of endometriosis". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 955: 11–22, discussion 34-6, 396–406. PMID 11949940.
  2. Buck Louis, Germaine M.; Hediger, Mary L.; Peterson, C. Matthew; Croughan, Mary; Sundaram, Rajeshwari; Stanford, Joseph; Chen, Zhen; Fujimoto, Victor Y.; Varner, Michael W.; Trumble, Ann; Giudice, Linda C. (2011). "Incidence of endometriosis by study population and diagnostic method: the ENDO study". Fertility and Sterility. 96 (2): 360–365. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.087. ISSN 0015-0282.
  3. McDonald JS (2001). "Diagnosis and treatment issues of chronic pelvic pain". World J Urol. 19 (3): 200–7. PMID 11469608.