Echo in tetralogy of fallot

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editors-In-Chief:Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Priyamvada Singh, MBBS


Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of fallot is a congenital heart disease comprised of four anatomic features stemming from the malalignment of the infundibular septum:

  1. Right ventrifular outflow obstruction (pulmonic stenosis)
  2. Ventricular Septal Defect
  3. Overriding aorta
  4. Right ventricular hypertrophy
  • Clinically, it is a cyanotic heart defect and generally is diagnosed in infancy or early childhood.

Echo functions in Tetralogy of Fallot

  • Characterization of defects
  • Options for surgical intervention
  • Post-operative repair function

Best evaluated by:

  • parasternal long-axis view
  • short-axis view (to evaluate size of septal defect)

Post surgical evaluation should include:

  • Evaluation of VSD repair
  • Residual shunting
  • Right ventricular size and contractility
  • Right ventricular outflow tract for residual stenosis
  • Severity of pulmonary regurgitation

Additional Resource

Yale University School of Medicine Congenital Heart Disease: Tetralogy of Fallot

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