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{{Cushing's syndrome}}
{{Cushing's syndrome}}


{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MJK}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MJK}} {{MMF}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Cushing's syndrome may be classified according to the source of [[cortisol]] into four subtypes: endogenous,exogenous, familial Cushing's Syndrome, and pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome.
Cushing's syndrome may be classified according to the source of [[cortisol]] into four subtypes; [[Endogenous]], [[exogenous]], [[familial]] Cushing's Syndrome, and pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome.


==Classification==
==Classification==
Cushing's syndrome is classified into two main subtypes:
Cushing's syndrome is classified into two main subtypes:<ref name="pmid26004339">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lacroix A, Feelders RA, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK |title=Cushing's syndrome |journal=Lancet |volume=386 |issue=9996 |pages=913–27 |year=2015 |pmid=26004339 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61375-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25480800">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raff H, Carroll T |title=Cushing's syndrome: from physiological principles to diagnosis and clinical care |journal=J. Physiol. (Lond.) |volume=593 |issue=3 |pages=493–506 |year=2015 |pmid=25480800 |pmc=4324701 |doi=10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282871 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24423978">{{cite journal |vauthors=Else T, Kim AC, Sabolch A, Raymond VM, Kandathil A, Caoili EM, Jolly S, Miller BS, Giordano TJ, Hammer GD |title=Adrenocortical carcinoma |journal=Endocr. Rev. |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=282–326 |year=2014 |pmid=24423978 |pmc=3963263 |doi=10.1210/er.2013-1029 |url=}}</ref>


*Exogenous:
*'''Exogenous:'''
:*Also called [[iatrogenic]] cushing's syndrome. It's due to taking [[glucocorticoids]] medications to treat inflammation caused by other diseases like allergies, [[asthma]], autoimmune diseases, and after organ transplantation.
:*Also called [[iatrogenic]] Cushing's syndrome. It is due to [[chronic]] [[glucocorticoids|glucocorticoid]] intake for [[inflammatory]] conditions, such as [[allergies]], [[asthma]], [[autoimmune diseases]], and after [[organ transplantation]].


*Endogenous:
*'''Endogenous:'''
:*It's due to tumors originating from withing the body.
::*[[Benign]] [[tumors]]:
:::*[[Pituitary adenoma]]
:::*[[Adrenal adenoma]]
:::*[[Adrenal hyperplasia|Adrenal micronodular hyperplasia]]
:::*[[Ectopic]] [[adenomas]], which are originated from locations other than the [[pituitary]] or [[adrenal glands]], mostly from the [[lungs]], [[pancreas]], [[thyroid]], or [[thymus]].
::*[[Malignant]] tumors:
:::*[[Adrenal cancer]]
:::*Cancer in places other than the [[pituitary]] or [[adrenal glands]], mostly in the [[lungs]], [[pancreas]], [[thyroid]], or [[thymus]]   


::*Benign tumors:
*'''Familial Cushing's Syndrome:'''
:::*Pituitary adenoma
:*Patients with rare [[genetic]] diseases like [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] (MEN 1) and primary pigmented [[micronodular adrenal disease]] are more susceptible to develop [[tumors]] in [[glands]] that affect [[cortisol]] secretion. As a result, these patients will develop Cushing's syndrome.
:::*Adrenal adenoma
:::*Adrenal micronodular hyperplasia
:::*Adenomas in places other than the pituitary or adrenal glands, mostly in the lungs, pancreas, thyroid, or thymus
::*Malignant tumors:
:::*Adrenal cancer
:::*Cancer in places other than the pituitary or adrenal glands, mostly in the lungs, pancreas, thyroid, or thymus   


*Familial Cushing's Syndrome
*'''Pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome:'''
:*Patients with rare genetic diseases like multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and primary pigmented micronodular adrenal disease are more susceptible to develop tumors in glands that affect cortisol levels. As a result, these patients will develop cushing's syndrome.
:*It is due to [[alcoholism]], [[depression]] or other [[psychiatric disorders]], [[obesity]], [[pregnancy]], and poorly controlled [[diabetes]].
 
*Pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome
:*It's due to alcoholism, depression or other psychiatric disorders, obesity, pregnancy, and poorly controlled diabetes.


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:25, 20 October 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2] Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[3]

Overview

Cushing's syndrome may be classified according to the source of cortisol into four subtypes; Endogenous, exogenous, familial Cushing's Syndrome, and pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome.

Classification

Cushing's syndrome is classified into two main subtypes:[1][2][3]

  • Exogenous:
  • Endogenous:
  • Familial Cushing's Syndrome:
  • Pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome:

References

  1. Lacroix A, Feelders RA, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK (2015). "Cushing's syndrome". Lancet. 386 (9996): 913–27. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61375-1. PMID 26004339.
  2. Raff H, Carroll T (2015). "Cushing's syndrome: from physiological principles to diagnosis and clinical care". J. Physiol. (Lond.). 593 (3): 493–506. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282871. PMC 4324701. PMID 25480800.
  3. Else T, Kim AC, Sabolch A, Raymond VM, Kandathil A, Caoili EM, Jolly S, Miller BS, Giordano TJ, Hammer GD (2014). "Adrenocortical carcinoma". Endocr. Rev. 35 (2): 282–326. doi:10.1210/er.2013-1029. PMC 3963263. PMID 24423978.


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