Cushing's syndrome classification: Difference between revisions
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{{Cushing's syndrome}} | {{Cushing's syndrome}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MJK}} {{MMF}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Cushing's syndrome may be classified according to the source of [[cortisol]] into four subtypes; [[Endogenous]], [[exogenous]], [[familial]] Cushing's Syndrome, and pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome. | |||
==Classification== | |||
Cushing's syndrome is classified into two main subtypes:<ref name="pmid26004339">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lacroix A, Feelders RA, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK |title=Cushing's syndrome |journal=Lancet |volume=386 |issue=9996 |pages=913–27 |year=2015 |pmid=26004339 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61375-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25480800">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raff H, Carroll T |title=Cushing's syndrome: from physiological principles to diagnosis and clinical care |journal=J. Physiol. (Lond.) |volume=593 |issue=3 |pages=493–506 |year=2015 |pmid=25480800 |pmc=4324701 |doi=10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282871 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24423978">{{cite journal |vauthors=Else T, Kim AC, Sabolch A, Raymond VM, Kandathil A, Caoili EM, Jolly S, Miller BS, Giordano TJ, Hammer GD |title=Adrenocortical carcinoma |journal=Endocr. Rev. |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=282–326 |year=2014 |pmid=24423978 |pmc=3963263 |doi=10.1210/er.2013-1029 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*'''Exogenous:''' | |||
:*Also called [[iatrogenic]] Cushing's syndrome. It is due to [[chronic]] [[glucocorticoids|glucocorticoid]] intake for [[inflammatory]] conditions, such as [[allergies]], [[asthma]], [[autoimmune diseases]], and after [[organ transplantation]]. | |||
*'''Endogenous:''' | |||
::*[[Benign]] [[tumors]]: | |||
:::*[[Pituitary adenoma]] | |||
:::*[[Adrenal adenoma]] | |||
:::*[[Adrenal hyperplasia|Adrenal micronodular hyperplasia]] | |||
:::*[[Ectopic]] [[adenomas]], which are originated from locations other than the [[pituitary]] or [[adrenal glands]], mostly from the [[lungs]], [[pancreas]], [[thyroid]], or [[thymus]]. | |||
::*[[Malignant]] tumors: | |||
:::*[[Adrenal cancer]] | |||
:::*Cancer in places other than the [[pituitary]] or [[adrenal glands]], mostly in the [[lungs]], [[pancreas]], [[thyroid]], or [[thymus]] | |||
*'''Familial Cushing's Syndrome:''' | |||
:*Patients with rare [[genetic]] diseases like [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] (MEN 1) and primary pigmented [[micronodular adrenal disease]] are more susceptible to develop [[tumors]] in [[glands]] that affect [[cortisol]] secretion. As a result, these patients will develop Cushing's syndrome. | |||
*'''Pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome:''' | |||
:*It is due to [[alcoholism]], [[depression]] or other [[psychiatric disorders]], [[obesity]], [[pregnancy]], and poorly controlled [[diabetes]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 18:25, 20 October 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2] Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[3]
Overview
Cushing's syndrome may be classified according to the source of cortisol into four subtypes; Endogenous, exogenous, familial Cushing's Syndrome, and pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome.
Classification
Cushing's syndrome is classified into two main subtypes:[1][2][3]
- Exogenous:
- Also called iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome. It is due to chronic glucocorticoid intake for inflammatory conditions, such as allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and after organ transplantation.
- Endogenous:
-
- Pituitary adenoma
- Adrenal adenoma
- Adrenal micronodular hyperplasia
- Ectopic adenomas, which are originated from locations other than the pituitary or adrenal glands, mostly from the lungs, pancreas, thyroid, or thymus.
- Malignant tumors:
- Adrenal cancer
- Cancer in places other than the pituitary or adrenal glands, mostly in the lungs, pancreas, thyroid, or thymus
-
- Familial Cushing's Syndrome:
- Patients with rare genetic diseases like multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) and primary pigmented micronodular adrenal disease are more susceptible to develop tumors in glands that affect cortisol secretion. As a result, these patients will develop Cushing's syndrome.
- Pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome:
- It is due to alcoholism, depression or other psychiatric disorders, obesity, pregnancy, and poorly controlled diabetes.
References
- ↑ Lacroix A, Feelders RA, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK (2015). "Cushing's syndrome". Lancet. 386 (9996): 913–27. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61375-1. PMID 26004339.
- ↑ Raff H, Carroll T (2015). "Cushing's syndrome: from physiological principles to diagnosis and clinical care". J. Physiol. (Lond.). 593 (3): 493–506. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282871. PMC 4324701. PMID 25480800.
- ↑ Else T, Kim AC, Sabolch A, Raymond VM, Kandathil A, Caoili EM, Jolly S, Miller BS, Giordano TJ, Hammer GD (2014). "Adrenocortical carcinoma". Endocr. Rev. 35 (2): 282–326. doi:10.1210/er.2013-1029. PMC 3963263. PMID 24423978.