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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

tab

Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Comments
Symptoms
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Constipation/Diarrhea Blood in stool Abdominal pain Other symptoms Anemia Tumor marker Endoscopy CT scan Other imaging study
Adenocarcinoma +/- + +/- + CEA+
    • Circumferential and annular lesions producing an "apple-core" appearance on barium enema x-ray (left-sided tumors).
Glandular structures, consisting of:[4]
  • Sheets or cords of malignant cells,
  • Cellular atypia, Pleomorphism
  • High mitotic rate
Biopsy and histopathological analysis
AVM[5]
Diverticulitis[6] +
  • Fever+/- chills
  • Nausea+/- vomiting
  • Leukocytosis
  • Evidence of inflammation
  • Outpouchings of the colonic wall
Hemorrhoid
Anal fissure
Infectious colitis
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome[7] +/- + + + +/-
Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Comments
Symptoms
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Constipation/Diarrhea Blood in stool Abdominal pain Other symptoms Anemia Tumor Markers Colonoscopy CT scan Other imaging
Carcinoids[16] Diarrhea +/- + +
  • Infiltrating, ulcerating or fungating lesions in the wall of colon
  • Well-defined single or multiple lesions
  • Round or ovoid in shape
  • Variable in size ranges between 2-5 cm
  • Solid or spongy nests of cells accentuated by neatly outlined luminal spaces [20]
  • Peripheral nuclear palisading
  • Granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.
Juvenile Polyposis Coli[21] Diarrhea + + + - Hamartomatous polyps on histopathological analysis
  • Individuals who meet clinical criteria should get genetic testing germline mutation in the BMPR1A and SMAD4 genes.[24]
  • Increased risk of colorectal and gastric cancer[25]
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)[26][27] +/- +/- +/-
  • Mostly asymptomatic[28]
  • Are discovered incidentally
  • Non-specific symptoms
  • Early satiety and bloating
+/-
  • Study of choice
  • Evaluate extent and dimensions
  • Evaluate metastatic disease
Hamartoms in progress
Colorectal Lymphoma[33] ccomplete
Kaposi's sarcoma complete
Ulcerative colitis[34] Diarrhea + LLQ[34]
  • Vitamin B12 defi. anemia[34]
  • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  • Continuous lesions, presence of crypts, formation of residual mucosal tissue[34]
  • Mucosal and submucosal inflammation[34]
  • Hemorrhage or inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells aggregate in the lamina propria
  • Distorted crypts
  • Crypt abscess
  • Endoscopy and a mucosal biopsy[35]
Crohn's disease[34] Diarrhea LRQ[34]
  • Vitamin B12 defi. anemia[34]
  • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  • Discontinuous lesions, strictures, linear ulcerations[34]
  • Transmural pattern of inflammation[34]
  • Mucosal damage
  • Focal infiltration of leukocytes into the epithelium
  • Granulomas
  • Endoscopy and a mucosal biopsy[35]
Irritable bowel syndrome
Appendicitis
Diseases Symptom 1 Symptom 2 Symptom 3 Physical exam 1 Lab 1 Lab 2 Imaging 1 Imaging 2 Imaging 3 Histopathology Gold standard Additional findings
Strangulated hernia
Bowel endometriosis

References

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