Optic neuritis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 40: Line 40:


==Causes==
==Causes==
* The exact cause of optic neuritis is unknown.<ref name="pmid3178158">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marechal F, Berthiot G, Deltour G |title=Serum levels of CA-50, CA-19.9, CA-125, CA-15.3, enolase and carcino-embryonic antigen in non neoplastic diseases of the lung |journal=Anticancer Res. |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=677–80 |date=1988 |pmid=3178158 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid5398737">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bourdial J |title=[Otorhinolaryngologic action in asthmatics] |language=French |journal=Maroc Med |volume=49 |issue=523 |pages=209–17 |date=April 1969 |pmid=5398737 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* The exact cause of optic neuritis is unknown.<ref name="pmid3178158">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marechal F, Berthiot G, Deltour G |title=Serum levels of CA-50, CA-19.9, CA-125, CA-15.3, enolase and carcino-embryonic antigen in non neoplastic diseases of the lung |journal=Anticancer Res. |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=677–80 |date=1988 |pmid=3178158 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid5398737">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bourdial J |title=[Otorhinolaryngologic action in asthmatics] |language=French |journal=Maroc Med |volume=49 |issue=523 |pages=209–17 |date=April 1969 |pmid=5398737 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16554529">{{cite journal |vauthors=Balcer LJ |title=Clinical practice. Optic neuritis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=354 |issue=12 |pages=1273–80 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16554529 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053247 |url=}}</ref>
* But It is likely due invasion of the [[immune system]] to the [[myelin]], resulting in [[inflammation]] and damage to the [[myelin]].
* But It is likely due invasion of the [[immune system]] to the [[myelin]], resulting in [[inflammation]] and damage to the [[myelin]].
The following [[autoimmune]] are associated with optic neuritis:<ref name="pmid3178158">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marechal F, Berthiot G, Deltour G |title=Serum levels of CA-50, CA-19.9, CA-125, CA-15.3, enolase and carcino-embryonic antigen in non neoplastic diseases of the lung |journal=Anticancer Res. |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=677–80 |date=1988 |pmid=3178158 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid5398737">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bourdial J |title=[Otorhinolaryngologic action in asthmatics] |language=French |journal=Maroc Med |volume=49 |issue=523 |pages=209–17 |date=April 1969 |pmid=5398737 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
The following [[autoimmune]] are associated with optic neuritis:<ref name="pmid3178158">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marechal F, Berthiot G, Deltour G |title=Serum levels of CA-50, CA-19.9, CA-125, CA-15.3, enolase and carcino-embryonic antigen in non neoplastic diseases of the lung |journal=Anticancer Res. |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=677–80 |date=1988 |pmid=3178158 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid5398737">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bourdial J |title=[Otorhinolaryngologic action in asthmatics] |language=French |journal=Maroc Med |volume=49 |issue=523 |pages=209–17 |date=April 1969 |pmid=5398737 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16554529">{{cite journal |vauthors=Balcer LJ |title=Clinical practice. Optic neuritis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=354 |issue=12 |pages=1273–80 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16554529 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053247 |url=}}</ref>
* '''Multiple sclerosis:'''
* '''Multiple sclerosis:'''
** [[Multiple sclerosis]] is the first main cause of optic neuritis.<ref name="pmid5398737">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bourdial J |title=[Otorhinolaryngologic action in asthmatics] |language=French |journal=Maroc Med |volume=49 |issue=523 |pages=209–17 |date=April 1969 |pmid=5398737 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** [[Multiple sclerosis]] is the first main cause of optic neuritis.<ref name="pmid5398737">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bourdial J |title=[Otorhinolaryngologic action in asthmatics] |language=French |journal=Maroc Med |volume=49 |issue=523 |pages=209–17 |date=April 1969 |pmid=5398737 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** 50% of patients with multiple sclerosis finally develop optic neuritis.
** 50% of patients with multiple sclerosis finally develop optic neuritis.<ref name="pmid16554529">{{cite journal |vauthors=Balcer LJ |title=Clinical practice. Optic neuritis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=354 |issue=12 |pages=1273–80 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16554529 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053247 |url=}}</ref>
* '''Neuromyelitis optica'''
* '''Neuromyelitis optica'''
** In [[Neuromyelitis optica]], inflammation recurs in the [[optic nerve]] and [[spinal cord]].
** In [[Neuromyelitis optica]], inflammation recurs in the [[optic nerve]] and [[spinal cord]].

Revision as of 18:36, 8 November 2018

WikiDoc Resources for Optic neuritis

Articles

Most recent articles on Optic neuritis

Most cited articles on Optic neuritis

Review articles on Optic neuritis

Articles on Optic neuritis in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Optic neuritis

Images of Optic neuritis

Photos of Optic neuritis

Podcasts & MP3s on Optic neuritis

Videos on Optic neuritis

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Optic neuritis

Bandolier on Optic neuritis

TRIP on Optic neuritis

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Optic neuritis at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Optic neuritis

Clinical Trials on Optic neuritis at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Optic neuritis

NICE Guidance on Optic neuritis

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Optic neuritis

CDC on Optic neuritis

Books

Books on Optic neuritis

News

Optic neuritis in the news

Be alerted to news on Optic neuritis

News trends on Optic neuritis

Commentary

Blogs on Optic neuritis

Definitions

Definitions of Optic neuritis

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Optic neuritis

Discussion groups on Optic neuritis

Patient Handouts on Optic neuritis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Optic neuritis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Optic neuritis

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Optic neuritis

Causes & Risk Factors for Optic neuritis

Diagnostic studies for Optic neuritis

Treatment of Optic neuritis

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Optic neuritis

International

Optic neuritis en Espanol

Optic neuritis en Francais

Business

Optic neuritis in the Marketplace

Patents on Optic neuritis

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Optic neuritis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Discovery

Classification

Optic neuritis may be classified into atypical or typical subtypes based on its clinical features.[2]

  • Atypical optic neuritis entails clinical manifestations that deviate from classic pattern of optic neuritis features.[3]
  • Atypical features to consider include:[3]
    • Lack of pain
    • Simultaneous or near-simultaneous onset
    • Lack of response to or relapse upon tapering from corticosteroids
    • Optic neuritis due nerve head or peripapillary hemorrhages

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

Causes

The following autoimmune are associated with optic neuritis:[7][8][9]

Differentiating Optic Neuritis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Optic neuritis typically affects young adults ranging from 18–45 years of age, with a mean age of 30–35 years. There is a strong female predominance. The annual incidence is approximately 5/100,000, with a prevalence estimated to be 115/100,000.[10]

Age

Gender

Race

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Volpe NJ (December 2001). "Optic neuritis: historical aspects". J Neuroophthalmol. 21 (4): 302–9. PMID 11756864.
  2. Kliethermes MA (July 1988). "Working parents in two-pharmacist marriages". Am J Hosp Pharm. 45 (7): 1500. PMID 3414716.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Gaier ED, Boudreault K, Rizzo JF, Falardeau J, Cestari DM (December 2015). "Atypical Optic Neuritis". Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 15 (12): 76. doi:10.1007/s11910-015-0598-1. PMID 26467052.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hoorbakht H, Bagherkashi F (2012). "Optic neuritis, its differential diagnosis and management". Open Ophthalmol J. 6: 65–72. doi:10.2174/1874364101206010065. PMC 3414716. PMID 22888383.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Toosy AT, Mason DF, Miller DH (January 2014). "Optic neuritis". Lancet Neurol. 13 (1): 83–99. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70259-X. PMID 24331795.
  6. Taniguchi S, Kawano T, Kakunaga T, Baba T (May 1986). "Differences in expression of a variant actin between low and high metastatic B16 melanoma". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (13): 6100–6. PMID 3700386.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Marechal F, Berthiot G, Deltour G (1988). "Serum levels of CA-50, CA-19.9, CA-125, CA-15.3, enolase and carcino-embryonic antigen in non neoplastic diseases of the lung". Anticancer Res. 8 (4): 677–80. PMID 3178158.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Bourdial J (April 1969). "[Otorhinolaryngologic action in asthmatics]". Maroc Med (in French). 49 (523): 209–17. PMID 5398737.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Balcer LJ (March 2006). "Clinical practice. Optic neuritis". N. Engl. J. Med. 354 (12): 1273–80. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp053247. PMID 16554529.
  10. Rodriguez M, Siva A, Cross SA, O'Brien PC, Kurland LT (1995). "Optic neuritis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota". Neurology. 45 (2): 244–50. PMID 7854520.


Template:WikiDoc Sources