Dyspnea and Loss of consciousness or Agitation: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 18:37, 22 February 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Abbreviations: ABG (arterial blood gas); ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme); BMI (body mass index); CBC (complete blood count); CSF (cerebrospinal fluid); CXR (chest X-ray); ECG (electrocardiogram); FEF (forced expiratory flow rate); FEV1 (forced expiratory volume); FVC (forced vital capacity); JVD (jugular vein distention); MCV (mean corpuscular volume); Plt (platelet); RV (residual volume); SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone); TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone); Vt (tidal volume); WBC (white blood cell);

Organ system			Diseases	Clinical manifestations											Diagnosis					Other features
				Symptoms						Physical exam					Diagnosis
				Loss of consciousness	Agitation	Weight loss	Fever	Chest pain	Cough	Cyanosis	Clubbing	JVD	Peripheral edema	Auscultation	CBC	ABG	Imaging	Spirometry	Gold standard
Acute Dyspnea	Respiratory system	Head and Neck, Upper airway	Anaphylaxis^[1]	+/-	+	-	+/-	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	Scattered wheezing	Normal	Normal	Normal	N/A	Vital sign	Type 1 hypersensitivity
			Aspiration^[2]	-	+	-	-	+/-	+	+	-	-	-	Diminished breath sounds	Normal	Normal	Atelectasis	↓Vt, ↑RV	Bronchoscopy	Choking
			Croup^[3]	-	+	-	+/-	-	+	+	-	-	-	Stridor	↑WBC	Normal	Steeple sign	Normal	Physical exam	Barking cough
			Epiglottitis^[4]	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	Stridor	↑WBC	Normal	Thumb sign	Normal	Laryngoscopy	Drooling
		Chest and Pleura, Lower airway	Asthma attack^[5]	-	+	-	-	+/-	+	+	-	-	-	Wheeze	↑ Eosinophil	Respiratory alkalosis	Normal	↓ FEV1, PEF	Physical exam and Spirometry	Chest pain
			Bronchospasm^[6]	+/-	+	-	-	+	+/-	+	-	-	-	Wheeze	Normal	↓O2, ↑CO2	Normal	↓Vt, ↑RV	Physical exam	Allergic reaction
			COPD exacerbation^[7]	-	+	-	+	+	+	+	+/-	+/-	+/-	Wheeze, Rhonchi, and Crackles	↑WBC, ↑RBC	Respiratory alkalosis	Hyperexpansion	↓ FEV1/FVC	Clinical assessment	Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB)
			Rib fractures (flail chest)^[8]	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	Normal	Normal	Respiratory acidosis	Fracture marks	Normal	Chest X-ray	Pneumothorax
	Cardiovascular system		Acute myocardial ischemia^[9]	+/-	+	-	+/-	+	-	-	-	-	-	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Cardiac troponin I	Nausea and vomiting, Positive pertinent risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and smoking
			Acute heart failure^[10]	+/-	+	-	-	+/-	+	+	-	+	+	S3	Normal	Respiratory alkalosis	↑ Cardiothoracic ratio	↓Vt	B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP)	Excessive sweating, high blood pressure
			Pericardial tamponade^[11]	+/-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	Muffled heart sounds	Normal	Normal	Water bottle appearance enlarged heart	Normal	Echocardiography	Fluid accumulation in pericardium
			Tachyarrhythmia^[9]	+/-	+	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	High pulse rate	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	ECG	Palpitation
			Pulmonary edema^[12]	+/-	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	Basal crackle	Normal	Respiratory alkalosis	Bat wing pattern, air bronchograms	↓Vt, ↑RV	Cardiac Catheterization	Tachypnea
	Central nervous system		Stroke	+	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Normal	Normal	Normal	Intracranial infarct or hemorrhage	Normal	Brain MRI	Paralysis or paresthesia
			Encephalitis^[13]	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	Normal	↑WBC, neutrophilia	Normal	Normal	Normal	CSF PCR	Confusion
			Traumatic brain injury^[14]	+	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Normal	Normal	Respiratory acidosis	Intracerebral hemorrhage	Normal	Brain CT scan	Lucid interval
	Toxic/Metabolic		Organophosphate poisoning^[15]	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	Wheeze	Normal	↓O2, ↑CO2	Normal	Normal	Blood test	Salivation, Lacrimation, Emesis, Miosis
			Salicylate poisoning^[16]	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	Normal	Normal	Metabolic acidosis, Respiratory alkalosis	Normal	Normal	Blood test	Vomiting, Tinnitus, Confusion, Hyperthermia
			Carbon monoxide poisoning^[17]	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	Wheeze	Carboxyhemoglobin	↓O2, ↑CO2	Normal	N/A	Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) level	Headache, Dizziness, Weakness, Vomiting, Confusion
			Diabetic ketoacidosis^[18]	+	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Scattered wheeze, Kussmaul's respiration	↑WBC	Metabolic acidosis	Normal	Normal	Blood test (acidosis, hyperglycemia, ketonemia)	Vomiting, Abdominal pain, Weakness, Confusion
	Systemic		Panic attack^[19]	+/-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Clinical assessment	Severe anxiety
	Systemic		Sepsis^[20]	+/-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	Normal	↑WBC, neutrophilia	↓O2, ↑CO2	Normal	Normal	SIRS criteria	Chills, Confusion
Organ system			Diseases	Clinical manifestations											Diagnosis					Other features
				Symptoms						Physical exam					Diagnosis
				Loss of consciousness	Agitation	Weight loss	Fever	Chest pain	Cough	Cyanosis	Clubbing	JVD	Peripheral edema	Auscultation	CBC	ABG	Imaging	Spirometry	Gold standard
Chronic Dyspnea	Respiratory system	Chest and Pleura, Lower airway	Bronchial asthma^[5]	-	+	+/-	-	+/-	+	+	+	-	-	Wheeze	↑ Eosinophil	Respiratory alkalosis, Metabolic acidosis	Pulmonary hyperinflation, Bronchial wall thickening	↓ FEV1/FVC	Spirometry before and after bronchodilator	Paroxysmal respiratory distress
	Respiratory system	Chest and Pleura, Lower airway	Pleural effusion^[21]	-	+/-	+	-	+	-	-	-	+/-	+/-	Egophony ("E-to-A" change)	Normal	Normal	Blunting of the costophrenic and cardiophrenic angle	↓Vt, ↑RV	Light's criteria	↓Tactile fremitus, Asymmetrical chest expansion
	Cardiovascular system		Coronary heart disease^[9]	-	+/-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	Normal	Normal	↓O2	Normal	Normal	Cardiac troponin I	Nausea, Lightheadedness, Sweating
	Neuromuscular disease		Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis^[22]	+/-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Normal	↑WBC	Normal	Normal	↓Vt, ↑RV	Revised El Escorial criteria (clinical)	Muscle weakness, Dysphagia
	Neuromuscular disease		Glycolytic enzyme defects (e.g., McArdle)^[23]	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+/-	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	↓Vt, ↑RV	Muscle biopsy (ragged red fibers)	Myoglobinuria, Muscle weakness
	Systemic		Anxiety^[24]	+	+	+	-	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	-	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Psychological interview	Sweating, Palpitation
	Systemic		Depression^[25]	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Psychological interview	Depressed mood, Fatigue

References

↑ Bjornsson HM, Graffeo CS (2010). "Improving diagnostic accuracy of anaphylaxis in the acute care setting". West J Emerg Med. 11 (5): 456–61. PMC 3027438. PMID 21293765.
↑ O'Horo JC, Rogus-Pulia N, Garcia-Arguello L, Robbins J, Safdar N (2015). "Bedside diagnosis of dysphagia: a systematic review". J Hosp Med. 10 (4): 256–65. doi:10.1002/jhm.2313. PMC 4607509. PMID 25581840.
↑ Bjornson CL, Johnson DW (2013). "Croup in children". CMAJ. 185 (15): 1317–23. doi:10.1503/cmaj.121645. PMC 3796596. PMID 23939212.
↑ Negus VE (1927). "The Function of the Epiglottis". J Anat. 62 (Pt 1): 1–8. PMC 1250045. PMID 17104162.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Hodder R, Lougheed MD, Rowe BH, FitzGerald JM, Kaplan AG, McIvor RA (2010). "Management of acute asthma in adults in the emergency department: nonventilatory management". CMAJ. 182 (2): E55–67. doi:10.1503/cmaj.080072. PMC 2817338. PMID 19858243.
↑ Molis MA, Molis WE (2010). "Exercise-induced bronchospasm". Sports Health. 2 (4): 311–7. doi:10.1177/1941738110373735. PMC 3445098. PMID 23015953.
↑ Qureshi H, Sharafkhaneh A, Hanania NA (2014). "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: latest evidence and clinical implications". Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 5 (5): 212–27. doi:10.1177/2040622314532862. PMC 4131503. PMID 25177479.
↑ Swart E, Laratta J, Slobogean G, Mehta S (February 2017). "Operative Treatment of Rib Fractures in Flail Chest Injuries: A Meta-analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis". J Orthop Trauma. 31 (2): 64–70. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000000750. PMID 27984449.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Bruyninckx R, Aertgeerts B, Bruyninckx P, Buntinx F (2008). "Signs and symptoms in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome: a diagnostic meta-analysis". Br J Gen Pract. 58 (547): 105–11. doi:10.3399/bjgp08X277014. PMC 2233977. PMID 18307844.
↑ Gaggin, Hanna K.; Januzzi, James L. (2013). "Biomarkers and diagnostics in heart failure". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease. 1832 (12): 2442–2450. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.12.014. ISSN 0925-4439.
↑ van Steijn JH, Sleijfer DT, van der Graaf WT, van der Sluis A, Nieboer P (2002). "How to diagnose cardiac tamponade". Neth J Med. 60 (8): 334–8. PMID 12481882.
↑ Martindale, Jennifer L.; Noble, Vicki E.; Liteplo, Andrew (2013). "Diagnosing pulmonary edema". European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 20 (5): 356–360. doi:10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32835c2b88. ISSN 0969-9546.
↑ Debiasi RL, Tyler KL (2004). "Molecular methods for diagnosis of viral encephalitis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 17 (4): 903–25, table of contents. doi:10.1128/CMR.17.4.903-925.2004. PMC 523566. PMID 15489354.
↑ McAllister TW (2011). "Neurobiological consequences of traumatic brain injury". Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 13 (3): 287–300. PMC 3182015. PMID 22033563.
↑ Peter JV, Sudarsan TI, Moran JL (2014). "Clinical features of organophosphate poisoning: A review of different classification systems and approaches". Indian J Crit Care Med. 18 (11): 735–45. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.144017. PMC 4238091. PMID 25425841.
↑ Chin RL, Olson KR, Dempsey D (2007). "Salicylate toxicity from ingestion and continued dermal absorption". Cal J Emerg Med. 8 (1): 23–5. PMC 2859737. PMID 20440389.
↑ Lane TR, Williamson WJ, Brostoff JM (2008). "Carbon monoxide poisoning in a patient with carbon dioxide retention: a therapeutic challenge". Cases J. 1 (1): 102. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-1-102. PMC 2533003. PMID 18710551.
↑ Westerberg DP (March 2013). "Diabetic ketoacidosis: evaluation and treatment". Am Fam Physician. 87 (5): 337–46. PMID 23547550.
↑ Taylor CB (2006). "Panic disorder". BMJ. 332 (7547): 951–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7547.951. PMC 1444835. PMID 16627512.
↑ Askim Å, Mehl A, Paulsen J, DeWan AT, Vestrheim DF, Åsvold BO; et al. (2016). "Epidemiology and outcome of sepsis in adult patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a Norwegian county 1993-2011: an observational study". BMC Infect Dis. 16: 223. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1553-8. PMC 4877975. PMID 27216810.
↑ Thomas R, Jenkins S, Eastwood PR, Lee YC, Singh B (July 2015). "Physiology of breathlessness associated with pleural effusions". Curr Opin Pulm Med. 21 (4): 338–45. doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000174. PMC 5633324. PMID 25978627.
↑ Lechtzin N, Lange DJ, Davey C, Becker B, Mitsumoto H (January 2007). "Measures of dyspnea in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Muscle Nerve. 35 (1): 98–102. doi:10.1002/mus.20669. PMID 17029274.
↑ Tarui S (1995). "Glycolytic defects in muscle: aspects of collaboration between basic science and clinical medicine". Muscle Nerve Suppl. 3: S2–9. PMID 7603522.
↑ Bailey PH (July 2004). "The dyspnea-anxiety-dyspnea cycle--COPD patients' stories of breathlessness: "It's scary /when you can't breathe"". Qual Health Res. 14 (6): 760–78. doi:10.1177/1049732304265973. PMID 15200799.
↑ Neuman A, Gunnbjörnsdottir M, Tunsäter A, Nyström L, Franklin KA, Norrman E, Janson C (October 2006). "Dyspnea in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression: A prospective population study". Respir Med. 100 (10): 1843–9. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2006.01.016. PMID 16516455.

[pmid21293765-1] Bjornsson HM, Graffeo CS (2010). "Improving diagnostic accuracy of anaphylaxis in the acute care setting". West J Emerg Med. 11 (5): 456–61. PMC 3027438. PMID 21293765.

[pmid25581840-2] O'Horo JC, Rogus-Pulia N, Garcia-Arguello L, Robbins J, Safdar N (2015). "Bedside diagnosis of dysphagia: a systematic review". J Hosp Med. 10 (4): 256–65. doi:10.1002/jhm.2313. PMC 4607509. PMID 25581840.

[pmid23939212-3] Bjornson CL, Johnson DW (2013). "Croup in children". CMAJ. 185 (15): 1317–23. doi:10.1503/cmaj.121645. PMC 3796596. PMID 23939212.

[pmid17104162-4] Negus VE (1927). "The Function of the Epiglottis". J Anat. 62 (Pt 1): 1–8. PMC 1250045. PMID 17104162.

[pmid19858243-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Hodder R, Lougheed MD, Rowe BH, FitzGerald JM, Kaplan AG, McIvor RA (2010). "Management of acute asthma in adults in the emergency department: nonventilatory management". CMAJ. 182 (2): E55–67. doi:10.1503/cmaj.080072. PMC 2817338. PMID 19858243.

[pmid23015953-6] Molis MA, Molis WE (2010). "Exercise-induced bronchospasm". Sports Health. 2 (4): 311–7. doi:10.1177/1941738110373735. PMC 3445098. PMID 23015953.

[pmid25177479-7] Qureshi H, Sharafkhaneh A, Hanania NA (2014). "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: latest evidence and clinical implications". Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 5 (5): 212–27. doi:10.1177/2040622314532862. PMC 4131503. PMID 25177479.

[pmid27984449-8] Swart E, Laratta J, Slobogean G, Mehta S (February 2017). "Operative Treatment of Rib Fractures in Flail Chest Injuries: A Meta-analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis". J Orthop Trauma. 31 (2): 64–70. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000000750. PMID 27984449.

[pmid18307844-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Bruyninckx R, Aertgeerts B, Bruyninckx P, Buntinx F (2008). "Signs and symptoms in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome: a diagnostic meta-analysis". Br J Gen Pract. 58 (547): 105–11. doi:10.3399/bjgp08X277014. PMC 2233977. PMID 18307844.

[GagginJanuzzi20132-10] Gaggin, Hanna K.; Januzzi, James L. (2013). "Biomarkers and diagnostics in heart failure". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease. 1832 (12): 2442–2450. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.12.014. ISSN 0925-4439.

[pmid12481882-11] van Steijn JH, Sleijfer DT, van der Graaf WT, van der Sluis A, Nieboer P (2002). "How to diagnose cardiac tamponade". Neth J Med. 60 (8): 334–8. PMID 12481882.

[MartindaleNoble2013-12] Martindale, Jennifer L.; Noble, Vicki E.; Liteplo, Andrew (2013). "Diagnosing pulmonary edema". European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 20 (5): 356–360. doi:10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32835c2b88. ISSN 0969-9546.

[pmid15489354-13] Debiasi RL, Tyler KL (2004). "Molecular methods for diagnosis of viral encephalitis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 17 (4): 903–25, table of contents. doi:10.1128/CMR.17.4.903-925.2004. PMC 523566. PMID 15489354.

[pmid22033563-14] McAllister TW (2011). "Neurobiological consequences of traumatic brain injury". Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 13 (3): 287–300. PMC 3182015. PMID 22033563.

[pmid25425841-15] Peter JV, Sudarsan TI, Moran JL (2014). "Clinical features of organophosphate poisoning: A review of different classification systems and approaches". Indian J Crit Care Med. 18 (11): 735–45. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.144017. PMC 4238091. PMID 25425841.

[pmid20440389-16] Chin RL, Olson KR, Dempsey D (2007). "Salicylate toxicity from ingestion and continued dermal absorption". Cal J Emerg Med. 8 (1): 23–5. PMC 2859737. PMID 20440389.

[pmid18710551-17] Lane TR, Williamson WJ, Brostoff JM (2008). "Carbon monoxide poisoning in a patient with carbon dioxide retention: a therapeutic challenge". Cases J. 1 (1): 102. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-1-102. PMC 2533003. PMID 18710551.

[pmid23547550-18] Westerberg DP (March 2013). "Diabetic ketoacidosis: evaluation and treatment". Am Fam Physician. 87 (5): 337–46. PMID 23547550.

[pmid16627512-19] Taylor CB (2006). "Panic disorder". BMJ. 332 (7547): 951–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7547.951. PMC 1444835. PMID 16627512.

[pmid27216810-20] Askim Å, Mehl A, Paulsen J, DeWan AT, Vestrheim DF, Åsvold BO; et al. (2016). "Epidemiology and outcome of sepsis in adult patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a Norwegian county 1993-2011: an observational study". BMC Infect Dis. 16: 223. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1553-8. PMC 4877975. PMID 27216810.

[pmid25978627-21] Thomas R, Jenkins S, Eastwood PR, Lee YC, Singh B (July 2015). "Physiology of breathlessness associated with pleural effusions". Curr Opin Pulm Med. 21 (4): 338–45. doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000174. PMC 5633324. PMID 25978627.

[pmid17029274-22] Lechtzin N, Lange DJ, Davey C, Becker B, Mitsumoto H (January 2007). "Measures of dyspnea in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Muscle Nerve. 35 (1): 98–102. doi:10.1002/mus.20669. PMID 17029274.

[pmid7603522-23] Tarui S (1995). "Glycolytic defects in muscle: aspects of collaboration between basic science and clinical medicine". Muscle Nerve Suppl. 3: S2–9. PMID 7603522.

[pmid15200799-24] Bailey PH (July 2004). "The dyspnea-anxiety-dyspnea cycle--COPD patients' stories of breathlessness: "It's scary /when you can't breathe"". Qual Health Res. 14 (6): 760–78. doi:10.1177/1049732304265973. PMID 15200799.

[pmid16516455-25] Neuman A, Gunnbjörnsdottir M, Tunsäter A, Nyström L, Franklin KA, Norrman E, Janson C (October 2006). "Dyspnea in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression: A prospective population study". Respir Med. 100 (10): 1843–9. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2006.01.016. PMID 16516455.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EG}}
 <small>'''''Abbreviations:''''' '''ABG ('''[[arterial blood gas]]'''); ACE ('''[[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|angiotensin converting enzyme]]'''); BMI ('''[[body mass index]]'''); CBC ('''[[Complete blood counts|complete blood count]]'''); CSF ('''[[cerebrospinal fluid]]'''); CXR ('''[[chest X-ray]]'''); ECG ('''[[electrocardiogram]]'''); FEF ('''[[Spirometry|forced expiratory flow rate]]'''); FEV1 ('''[[forced expiratory volume]]'''); FVC ('''[[forced vital capacity]]'''); JVD ('''[[jugular vein distention]]''');''' '''MCV ('''[[mean corpuscular volume]]'''); Plt ('''[[platelet]]'''); RV ('''[[residual volume]]'''); SIADH ('''[[syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone]]'''); TSH ('''[[thyroid stimulating hormone]]'''); Vt ('''[[tidal volume]]''');''' '''WBC ('''[[White blood cells|white blood cell]]''');'''</small>
+<small><small>
 {|
 |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
@@ Line 33: / Line 34: @@
 !Gold standard
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-! rowspan="32" |Acute Dyspnea
+! rowspan="22" |Acute Dyspnea
-! rowspan="17" |[[Respiratory system]]
+! rowspan="8" |[[Respiratory system]]
-! rowspan="7" |[[Head]] and [[Neck]],
+! rowspan="4" |[[Head]] and [[Neck]],
 Upper [[airway]]
-![[Angioedema]]<ref name="pmid28405953">{{cite journal| author=Bernstein JA, Cremonesi P, Hoffmann TK, Hollingsworth J| title=Angioedema in the emergency department: a practical guide to differential diagnosis and management. | journal=Int J Emerg Med | year= 2017 | volume= 10 | issue= 1 | pages= 15 | pmid=28405953 | doi=10.1186/s12245-017-0141-z | pmc=5389952 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28405953  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |N/A
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Physical examination|Physical exam]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Generalized edema]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
 ![[Anaphylaxis]]<ref name="pmid21293765">{{cite journal| author=Bjornsson HM, Graffeo CS| title=Improving diagnostic accuracy of anaphylaxis in the acute care setting. | journal=West J Emerg Med | year= 2010 | volume= 11 | issue= 5 | pages= 456-61 | pmid=21293765 | doi= | pmc=3027438 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21293765  }}</ref>
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
@@ Line 132: / Line 114: @@
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Drooling]]
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Rhinosinusitis]]<ref name="pmid214901812">{{cite journal| author=Meltzer EO, Hamilos DL| title=Rhinosinusitis diagnosis and management for the clinician: a synopsis of recent consensus guidelines. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 2011 | volume= 86 | issue= 5 | pages= 427-43 | pmid=21490181 | doi=10.4065/mcp.2010.0392 | pmc=3084646 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21490181  }}</ref>
+! rowspan="4" |[[Chest]] and [[Pleurae|Pleura]],
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Air fluid level
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Physical examination|Physical exam]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Headache]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Vocal cord paralysis|Vocal cord dysfunction]]<ref name="pmid8828523">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wood RP, Milgrom H |title=Vocal cord dysfunction |journal=J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |volume=98 |issue=3 |pages=481–5 |date=September 1996 |pmid=8828523 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Stridor]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓ [[FVC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Laryngoscopy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Choking]] sensation
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-! rowspan="10" |[[Chest]] and [[Pleurae|Pleura]],
 Lower [[airway]]
 ![[Asthma attack]]<ref name="pmid19858243">{{cite journal| author=Hodder R, Lougheed MD, Rowe BH, FitzGerald JM, Kaplan AG, McIvor RA| title=Management of acute asthma in adults in the emergency department: nonventilatory management. | journal=CMAJ | year= 2010 | volume= 182 | issue= 2 | pages= E55-67 | pmid=19858243 | doi=10.1503/cmaj.080072 | pmc=2817338 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19858243  }}</ref>
@@ Line 191: / Line 135: @@
 [[Spirometry]]
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Chest pain]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Bronchitis]]<ref name="CantinBankier2009">{{cite journal|last1=Cantin|first1=Luce|last2=Bankier|first2=Alexander A.|last3=Eisenberg|first3=Ronald L.|title=Bronchiectasis|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=193|issue=3|year=2009|pages=W158–W171|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.09.3053}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rhonchi]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Physical examination|Physical exam]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rhonchi]] relieved by [[Dextromethorphan|cough]]
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
 ![[Bronchospasm]]<ref name="pmid23015953">{{cite journal| author=Molis MA, Molis WE| title=Exercise-induced bronchospasm. | journal=Sports Health | year= 2010 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 311-7 | pmid=23015953 | doi=10.1177/1941738110373735 | pmc=3445098 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23015953  }}</ref>
@@ Line 229: / Line 154: @@
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Physical examination|Physical exam]]
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Allergic reaction]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Bronchiolitis]]<ref name="pmid23562737">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holbro A, Lehmann T, Girsberger S, Stern M, Gambazzi F, Lardinois D, Heim D, Passweg JR, Tichelli A, Bubendorf L, Savic S, Hostettler K, Grendelmeier P, Halter JP, Tamm M |title=Lung histology predicts outcome of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |journal=Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=973–80 |year=2013 |pmid=23562737 |doi=10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.03.017 |url=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Wheeze]] and [[Crackles]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bronchovascular markings
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Clinical]] assessment
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Respiratory syncytial virus|Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)]]
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
 ![[COPD exacerbation resident survival guide|COPD exacerbation]]<ref name="pmid25177479">{{cite journal| author=Qureshi H, Sharafkhaneh A, Hanania NA| title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: latest evidence and clinical implications. | journal=Ther Adv Chronic Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 5 | issue= 5 | pages= 212-27 | pmid=25177479 | doi=10.1177/2040622314532862 | pmc=4131503 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25177479  }}</ref>
@@ Line 267: / Line 173: @@
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Clinical]] assessment
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Chronic bronchitis|Acute '''exacerbations''' of chronic bronchitis (AECB)]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Lung carcinoma]]<ref name="pmid22054876">{{cite journal| author=Dela Cruz CS, Tanoue LT, Matthay RA| title=Lung cancer: epidemiology, etiology, and prevention. | journal=Clin Chest Med | year= 2011 | volume= 32 | issue= 4 | pages= 605-44 | pmid=22054876 | doi=10.1016/j.ccm.2011.09.001 | pmc=3864624 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22054876  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Wheeze]] and [[Crackles]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mass lesion, [[hilar lymphadenopathy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]], ↑[[Residual volume|RV]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Bronchoscopy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Paraneoplastic syndromes, such as [[Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone|SIADH]] and [[Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome|lambert-Eaton]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Pneumonia]]<ref name="pmid25165554">{{cite journal| author=Simonetti AF, Viasus D, Garcia-Vidal C, Carratalà J| title=Management of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults. | journal=Ther Adv Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 3-16 | pmid=25165554 | doi=10.1177/2049936113518041 | pmc=4072047 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25165554  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Wheeze]], [[Rhonchi]], and [[Crackles]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]], [[neutrophilia]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Consolidation (medicine)|Lobar consolidation]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Chest X-ray]] and CT Scan
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[productive cough]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Pneumothorax]]<ref name="pmid17621614">{{cite journal| author=Currie GP, Alluri R, Christie GL, Legge JS| title=Pneumothorax: an update. | journal=Postgrad Med J | year= 2007 | volume= 83 | issue= 981 | pages= 461-5 | pmid=17621614 | doi=10.1136/pgmj.2007.056978 | pmc=2600088 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17621614  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Diminished [[breath sounds]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Radiolucency without [[lung]] marking
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |CXR and [[Computed tomography|Chest CT scan]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Tracheal deviation]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Pulmonary embolism]]<ref name="pmid23940438">{{cite journal| author=Bĕlohlávek J, Dytrych V, Linhart A| title=Pulmonary embolism, part I: Epidemiology, risk factors and risk stratification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism. | journal=Exp Clin Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume= 18 | issue= 2 | pages= 129-38 | pmid=23940438 | doi= | pmc=3718593 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23940438  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Respiratory alkalosis]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Lung|Pulmonary]] [[CT angiography]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pleuritic chest pain]]
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
 ![[Rib fractures]] ([[flail chest]])<ref name="pmid27984449">{{cite journal |vauthors=Swart E, Laratta J, Slobogean G, Mehta S |title=Operative Treatment of Rib Fractures in Flail Chest Injuries: A Meta-analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis |journal=J Orthop Trauma |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=64–70 |date=February 2017 |pmid=27984449 |doi=10.1097/BOT.0000000000000750 |url= |author=}}</ref>
@@ Line 594: / Line 424: @@
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vomiting]], [[Abdominal pain]], [[Weakness]], [[Confusion]]
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |[[Systemic]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[Systemic]]
 ![[Panic attack]]<ref name="pmid16627512">{{cite journal| author=Taylor CB| title=Panic disorder. | journal=BMJ | year= 2006 | volume= 332 | issue= 7547 | pages= 951-5 | pmid=16627512 | doi=10.1136/bmj.332.7547.951 | pmc=1444835 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16627512  }}</ref>
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
@@ Line 613: / Line 443: @@
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Clinical]] assessment
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anxiety|Severe anxiety]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Pregnancy]]<ref name="pmid28805596">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee SY, Chien DK, Huang CH, Shih SC, Lee WC, Chang WH |title=Dyspnea in pregnancy |journal=Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=432–436 |date=August 2017 |pmid=28805596 |doi=10.1016/j.tjog.2017.04.035 |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]], [[RBC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]], ↑[[Residual volume|RV]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Human chorionic gonadotropin|βhCG]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Missed period, Hyperemesis
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
 ![[Sepsis]]<ref name="pmid27216810">{{cite journal| author=Askim Å, Mehl A, Paulsen J, DeWan AT, Vestrheim DF, Åsvold BO et al.| title=Epidemiology and outcome of sepsis in adult patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a Norwegian county 1993-2011: an observational study. | journal=BMC Infect Dis | year= 2016 | volume= 16 | issue=  | pages= 223 | pmid=27216810 | doi=10.1186/s12879-016-1553-8 | pmc=4877975 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27216810  }}</ref>
@@ Line 678: / Line 489: @@
 !Gold standard
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-! rowspan="41" |Chronic Dyspnea
+! rowspan="7" |Chronic Dyspnea
-! rowspan="18" |[[Respiratory system]]
+! rowspan="2" |[[Respiratory system]]
-! rowspan="4" |[[Head]] and [[Neck]],
+! rowspan="2" |[[Chest]] and [[Pleura]],
-Upper [[airway]]
-![[Goiter]]<ref name="pmid22430090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stang MT, Armstrong MJ, Ogilvie JB, Yip L, McCoy KL, Faber CN, Carty SE |title=Positional dyspnea and tracheal compression as indications for goiter resection |journal=Arch Surg |volume=147 |issue=7 |pages=621–6 |date=July 2012 |pmid=22430090 |doi=10.1001/archsurg.2012.96 |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Blood test]] ([[TSH]], [[T4]])
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Weight gain]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Laryngeal cancer|Laryngeal adenocarcinoma]]<ref name="pmid7956433">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schwenk NR, Schapira RM, Byrd JC |title=Laryngeal carcinoma presenting as platypnea |journal=Chest |volume=106 |issue=5 |pages=1609–11 |date=November 1994 |pmid=7956433 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Stridor]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Retropharyngeal space|Retropharyngeal tissue]] thickness
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Laryngoscopy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Choking]] sensation
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Vocal cord paralysis]]<ref name="pmid8828523" />
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Stridor]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pharyngeal constrictor|Pharyngeal constrictor muscles]] thinning, [[uvular]] deviation
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Laryngoscopy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Choking]] sensation
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Tracheal stenosis]]<ref name="pmid23748638">{{cite journal |vauthors=Conti V, Calia N, Pasquini C, Zardi S, Finetti C, Stomeo F, Ravenna F |title=[Chronic cough and worsening dyspnea: a case of idiopathic tracheal stenosis] |language=Italian |journal=Recenti Prog Med |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=156–8 |date=April 2013 |pmid=23748638 |doi=10.1701/1271.14026 |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Stridor]], [[Stertorous]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Soft tissue]] thickening internal to normal-appearing [[Trachea|tracheal cartilage]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Bronchoscopy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Respiratory distress]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-! rowspan="14" |[[Chest]] and [[Pleura]],
 Lower [[airway]]
 ![[Bronchial asthma]]<ref name="pmid19858243" />
@@ Line 781: / Line 513: @@
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Spirometry]] before and after [[bronchodilator]]
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Paroxysmal [[respiratory distress]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Bronchiectasis]]<ref name="CantinBankier2009" />
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rhonchi]], [[Wheezing]], [[Crackles]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]], [[neutrophilia]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Bronchiectasis chest x ray|Tram-track opacities]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑ [[FEV1]]/[[FVC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Computed tomography|High resolution computed tomography (HRCT)]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Productive cough|Chronic productive cough]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[COPD]]<ref name="pmid25177479" />
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Wheeze|Expiratory wheeze]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑ [[RBC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Respiratory alkalosis]], [[Metabolic acidosis]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑ Bronchovascular markings, [[Cardiomegaly]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓ [[FEV1]]/[[FVC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Physical examination|Physical exam]] and
-[[Spirometry]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Heavy smoking]] history
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Emphysema]]<ref name="pmid18453358">{{cite journal| author=Sharafkhaneh A, Hanania NA, Kim V| title=Pathogenesis of emphysema: from the bench to the bedside. | journal=Proc Am Thorac Soc | year= 2008 | volume= 5 | issue= 4 | pages= 475-7 | pmid=18453358 | doi=10.1513/pats.200708-126ET | pmc=2645322 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18453358  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Wheeze|Expiratory wheeze]], Hyperinflation
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Respiratory alkalosis]], [[Metabolic acidosis]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Flattening of [[diaphragm]], vertical [[heart]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓ [[FEV1]]/[[FVC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Physical examination|Physical exam]] and
-[[Spirometry]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Barrel chest]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Pulmonary hypertension]]<ref name="pmid20407377">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sajkov D, Petrovsky N, Palange P |title=Management of dyspnea in advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension |journal=Curr Opin Support Palliat Care |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=76–84 |date=June 2010 |pmid=20407377 |doi=10.1097/SPC.0b013e328338c1e0 |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Accentuated [[S2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hypoxia]] and [[acidosis]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Enlarged [[Pulmonary arteries|'''pulmonary''' arteries]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[Physiologic]] [[Residual volume|RV]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cardiac catheterization]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Syncope]],
-[[Ascites]], [[Pleural effusion]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Interstitial lung disease]]<ref name="pmid2060395">{{cite journal |vauthors=Baughman RP, Shipley RT, Loudon RG, Lower EE |title=Crackles in interstitial lung disease. Comparison of sarcoidosis and fibrosing alveolitis |journal=Chest |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=96–101 |year=1991 |pmid=2060395 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rhonchi]], [[Wheezing]], [[Crackles]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peripheral [[pulmonary]] infiltrative opacification
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑ [[FEV1]]/[[FVC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Computed tomography|High resolution computed tomography (HRCT)]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pneumoconiosis]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Sarcoidosis]]<ref name="pmid14518232">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moher D, Cole CW, Hill GB |title=Epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm: the effect of differing definitions |journal=Eur J Vasc Surg |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=647–50 |date=November 1992 |pmid=1451823 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Crackles]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hilar lymphadenopathy|Hilar adenopathy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑ [[FEV1]]/[[FVC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Computed tomography|High resolution computed tomography (HRCT)]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hypercalcemia]], high [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|ACE]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Alveolitis]]<ref name="pmid15692967">{{cite journal |vauthors=Khanna D, Clements PJ, Furst DE, Chon Y, Elashoff R, Roth MD, Sterz MG, Chung J, FitzGerald JD, Seibold JR, Varga J, Theodore A, Wigley FM, Silver RM, Steen VD, Mayes MD, Connolly MK, Fessler BJ, Rothfield NF, Mubarak K, Molitor J, Tashkin DP |title=Correlation of the degree of dyspnea with health-related quality of life, functional abilities, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in patients with systemic sclerosis and active alveolitis: results from the Scleroderma Lung Study |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=592–600 |date=February 2005 |pmid=15692967 |doi=10.1002/art.20787 |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Basal [[Crackles|crackle]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]], [[neutrophilia]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Basal reticulonodular opacification
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑ [[FEV1]]/[[FVC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Computed tomography|High resolution computed tomography (HRCT)]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Dry cough]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Bronchiolitis obliterans]]<ref name="pmid23562737" />
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Wheeze|Expiratory wheeze]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Hyperinflation,  Reticulonodular opacities
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓ [[FEV1]]/[[FVC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Biopsy|Lung biopsy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Complication of [[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation|allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Cystic fibrosis]]<ref name="ZieglerRovedder2009">{{cite journal|last1=Ziegler|first1=Bruna|last2=Rovedder|first2=Paula Maria Eidt|last3=Dalcin|first3=Paulo de Tarso Roth|last4=Menna-Barreto|first4=Sérgio Saldanha|title=Padrões ventilatórios na espirometria em pacientes adolescentes e adultos com fibrose cística|journal=Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia|volume=35|issue=9|year=2009|pages=854–859|issn=1806-3713|doi=10.1590/S1806-37132009000900006}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rhonchi]], [[Wheezing]], [[Crackles]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Metabolic alkalosis]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Thick-walled [[bronchiectasis]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓ [[Forced expiratory volume|FEF<sub>75%</sub>]]/[[FVC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Sweat test]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Congenital absence of the vas deferens|Absent vas deferens]]
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
 ![[Pleural effusion]]<ref name="pmid25978627">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thomas R, Jenkins S, Eastwood PR, Lee YC, Singh B |title=Physiology of breathlessness associated with pleural effusions |journal=Curr Opin Pulm Med |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=338–45 |date=July 2015 |pmid=25978627 |pmc=5633324 |doi=10.1097/MCP.0000000000000174 |url= |author=}}</ref>
@@ Line 976: / Line 533: @@
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tactile fremitus]],  Asymmetrical [[chest expansion]]
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Pulmonary shunt|Pulmonary right-to-left shunt]]<ref name="pmid19335916">{{cite journal| author=Vodoz JF, Cottin V, Glérant JC, Derumeaux G, Khouatra C, Blanchet AS et al.| title=Right-to-left shunt with hypoxemia in pulmonary hypertension. | journal=BMC Cardiovasc Disord | year= 2009 | volume= 9 | issue=  | pages= 15 | pmid=19335916 | doi=10.1186/1471-2261-9-15 | pmc=2671488 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19335916  }}</ref>
+! colspan="2" |[[Cardiovascular system]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Diminished [[breath sounds]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]], ↑[[Residual volume|RV]]
-([[physiological]])
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CT angiography|Pulmonary CT angiography]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chronic [[hypoxemia]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Diaphragmatic paralysis]]<ref name="pmid27929389">{{cite journal| author=Dubé BP, Dres M| title=Diaphragm Dysfunction: Diagnostic Approaches and Management Strategies. | journal=J Clin Med | year= 2016 | volume= 5 | issue= 12 | pages=  | pmid=27929389 | doi=10.3390/jcm5120113 | pmc=5184786 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27929389  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Unilateral or bilateral [[Diaphragmatic dysfunction|diaphragmatic flattening]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]], ↑[[Residual volume|RV]]
-([[anatomical]])
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CXR]] confirmed by [[fluoroscopic]] sniff test
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Respiratory insufficiency]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Tuberculosis]]<ref name="pmid16709993">{{cite journal| author=Campbell IA, Bah-Sow O| title=Pulmonary tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment. | journal=BMJ | year= 2006 | volume= 332 | issue= 7551 | pages= 1194-7 | pmid=16709993 | doi=10.1136/bmj.332.7551.1194 | pmc=1463969 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16709993  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rhonchi]], [[Wheezing]], [[Crackles]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Patchy [[Consolidation (medicine)|consolidation]] or poorly defined linear and nodular [[Opacity|opacities]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Restrictive Lung Disease|Restrictive]], [[Obstructive lung disease|obstructive]], or mixed
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Interferon-γ release assays|IFN-γ release assay (IGRA)]]
-[[Acid fast|Acid-fast staining]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Night sweat]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-! colspan="2" rowspan="7" |[[Cardiovascular system]]
-![[Constrictive pericarditis]]<ref name="pmid12481882" />
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muffled heart sounds]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Calcification|Calcifications]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Computed tomography|Chest CT scan]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Syncope]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Restrictive cardiomyopathy]]<ref name="pmid118386552">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nakamura M, Satoh M, Kowada S, Satoh H, Tashiro A, Sato F, Masuda T, Hiramori K |title=Reversible restrictive cardiomyopathy due to light-chain deposition disease |journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=193–6 |date=February 2002 |pmid=11838655 |doi=10.4065/77.2.193 |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dilatation of the [[inferior vena cava]] and [[right atrium]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Right ventricular]] [[biopsy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Weight gain]],
-[[Nausea]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Valvular heart disease]]<ref name="pmid18307844" />
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cardiac murmur]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dilatation of [[Heart chamber|heart chambers]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Syncope]], [[Palpitation]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Bradyarrhythmia]]<ref name="pmid28266824">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barstow C, McDivitt JD |title=Cardiovascular Disease Update: Bradyarrhythmias |journal=FP Essent |volume=454 |issue= |pages=18–23 |date=March 2017 |pmid=28266824 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[ECG]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Syncope]], [[Palpitation]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Pericardial effusion]]<ref name="pmid23236323">{{cite journal| author=Jung HO| title=Pericardial effusion and pericardiocentesis: role of echocardiography. | journal=Korean Circ J | year= 2012 | volume= 42 | issue= 11 | pages= 725-34 | pmid=23236323 | doi=10.4070/kcj.2012.42.11.725 | pmc=3518705 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23236323  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muffled heart sounds]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Fluid density around the [[heart]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[M-mode echo: principles and classic findings|M-mode]] and [[Doppler echocardiography|2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hoarseness]], [[Palpitation]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
 ![[Coronary heart disease]]<ref name="pmid18307844" />
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
@@ Line 1,154: / Line 553: @@
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Nausea]], [[Lightheadedness]], [[Sweating]]
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Ventricular septal defect|Intracardiac shunt]]<ref name="pmid193359162">{{cite journal| author=Vodoz JF, Cottin V, Glérant JC, Derumeaux G, Khouatra C, Blanchet AS et al.| title=Right-to-left shunt with hypoxemia in pulmonary hypertension. | journal=BMC Cardiovasc Disord | year= 2009 | volume= 9 | issue=  | pages= 15 | pmid=19335916 | doi=10.1186/1471-2261-9-15 | pmc=2671488 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19335916  }}</ref>
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[Neuromuscular disease]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cardiac murmur|Cardiac continuous murmur]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dilatation of [[Heart chamber|heart chambers]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Syncope]], [[Palpitation]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-! colspan="2" rowspan="4" |[[Neuromuscular disease]]
 ![[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]<ref name="pmid17029274">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lechtzin N, Lange DJ, Davey C, Becker B, Mitsumoto H |title=Measures of dyspnea in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |journal=Muscle Nerve |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=98–102 |date=January 2007 |pmid=17029274 |doi=10.1002/mus.20669 |url= |author=}}</ref>
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
@@ Line 1,192: / Line 572: @@
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Revised El Escorial criteria (clinical)
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muscle weakness]], [[Dysphagia]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Polymyositis]]/[[dermatomyositis]]<ref name="pmid1246203">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schwarz MI, Matthay RA, Sahn SA, Stanford RE, Marmorstein BL, Scheinhorn DJ |title=Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: analysis of six cases and review of the literature |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=89–104 |date=January 1976 |pmid=1246203 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]], ↑[[Residual volume|RV]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muscle biopsy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muscle weakness]], [[Dermatomyositis physical examination|Heliotrope]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Mitochondrial disease|Mitochondrial diseases]]<ref name="pmid21813873">{{cite journal| author=Heinicke K, Taivassalo T, Wyrick P, Wood H, Babb TG, Haller RG| title=Exertional dyspnea in mitochondrial myopathy: clinical features and physiological mechanisms. | journal=Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol | year= 2011 | volume= 301 | issue= 4 | pages= R873-84 | pmid=21813873 | doi=10.1152/ajpregu.00001.2011 | pmc=3197343 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21813873  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Wheeze]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[WBC]], [[Platelet|Plt]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]], ↑[[Residual volume|RV]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muscle biopsy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Myalgia|Muscle pain]]
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
 ![[McArdle disease|Glycolytic enzyme defects (e.g., McArdle)]]<ref name="pmid7603522">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tarui S |title=Glycolytic defects in muscle: aspects of collaboration between basic science and clinical medicine |journal=Muscle Nerve Suppl |volume=3 |issue= |pages=S2–9 |date= 1995 |pmid=7603522 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref>
@@ Line 1,252: / Line 594: @@
 [[Muscle weakness]]
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[Toxic]]/[[Metabolic]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[Systemic]]
-![[Metabolic acidosis]]<ref name="pmid8350272">{{cite journal| author=Lane R, Adams L| title=Metabolic acidosis and breathlessness during exercise and hypercapnia in man. | journal=J Physiol | year= 1993 | volume= 461 | issue=  | pages= 47-61 | pmid=8350272 | doi= | pmc=1175244 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8350272  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Metabolic acidosis]], [[Respiratory alkalosis]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Arterial blood gas|ABG]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Confusion]], [[Vomiting]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Renal failure]]<ref name="pmid12035070">{{cite journal |vauthors=DePalo LR |title=Fatal dyspnea in a patient with renal failure |journal=Mt. Sinai J. Med. |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=113–20 |date=May 2002 |pmid=12035070 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓ [[RBC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Metabolic acidosis]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Creatinine|Cr]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Nausea]], [[Vomiting]], [[Oliguria]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-! colspan="2" rowspan="6" |[[Systemic]]
-![[Anemia]]<ref name="pmid23559772">{{cite journal| author=Sengupta A, Saha K, Jash D, Banerjee SN| title=Dyspnea with anemia turned out to be a case of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. | journal=Asian J Transfus Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 75-8 | pmid=23559772 | doi=10.4103/0973-6247.106745 | pmc=3613670 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23559772  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓ [[RBC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hemoglobin|HGB]], [[MCV]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Weakness]], [[Fatigue]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
 ![[Anxiety]]<ref name="pmid15200799">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bailey PH |title=The dyspnea-anxiety-dyspnea cycle--COPD patients' stories of breathlessness: "It's scary /when you can't breathe" |journal=Qual Health Res |volume=14 |issue=6 |pages=760–78 |date=July 2004 |pmid=15200799 |doi=10.1177/1049732304265973 |url= |author=}}</ref>
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
@@ Line 1,329: / Line 613: @@
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Psychological|Psychological interview]]
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Sweating]], [[Palpitation]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Ascites]]<ref name="pmid24336542">{{cite journal| author=Perri GA| title=Ascites in patients with cirrhosis. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 2013 | volume= 59 | issue= 12 | pages= 1297-9; e538-40 | pmid=24336542 | doi= | pmc=3860926 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24336542  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peritoneal fluid accumulation
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]], ↑[[Residual volume|RV]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Medical ultrasonography|Abdominal ultrasound]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Abdominal distention]]
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
 ![[Depression]]<ref name="pmid16516455">{{cite journal |vauthors=Neuman A, Gunnbjörnsdottir M, Tunsäter A, Nyström L, Franklin KA, Norrman E, Janson C |title=Dyspnea in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression: A prospective population study |journal=Respir Med |volume=100 |issue=10 |pages=1843–9 |date=October 2006 |pmid=16516455 |doi=10.1016/j.rmed.2006.01.016 |url= |author=}}</ref>
@@ Line 1,367: / Line 632: @@
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Psychological|Psychological interview]]
 ! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Depressed mood]], [[Fatigue]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Kyphoscoliosis]]<ref name="pmid26083538">{{cite journal| author=Qiabi M, Chagnon K, Beaupré A, Hercun J, Rakovich G| title=Scoliosis and bronchial obstruction. | journal=Can Respir J | year= 2015 | volume= 22 | issue= 4 | pages= 206-8 | pmid=26083538 | doi= | pmc=4530852 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26083538  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Wheeze]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Deviated [[vertebral column]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]], ↑[[Residual volume|RV]]
-([[anatomical]])
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[X ray|Standing lateral spine radiograph]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Low back pain]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Obesity]]<ref name="pmid12090884">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sin DD, Jones RL, Man SF |title=Obesity is a risk factor for dyspnea but not for airflow obstruction |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=162 |issue=13 |pages=1477–81 |date=July 2002 |pmid=12090884 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]], ↑[[Residual volume|RV]]
-([[anatomical]])
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Body mass index|BMI]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Low [[stamina]],
-[[Sweating]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-! colspan="2" rowspan="4" |[[Autoimmune]]
-![[Churg-Strauss syndrome]]<ref name="pmid22554368">{{cite journal |vauthors=Uyar M, Elbek O, Bakır K, Kibar Y, Bayram N, Dikensoy Ö |title=Churg-Strauss syndrome related to montelukast |journal=Tuberk Toraks |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=56–8 |date= 2012 |pmid=22554368 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Scattered [[wheezing]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Areas of [[parenchymal]] opacification
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]], ↑[[Residual volume|RV]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Biopsy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fatigue]],[[Numbness]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Microscopic polyangiitis]]<ref name="pmid26266064">{{cite journal| author=Tilanus A, Van der Niepen P, Geers C, Wissing KM| title=Pulmonary Limited MPO-ANCA Microscopic Polyangiitis and Idiopathic Lung Fibrosis in a Patient with a Diagnosis of IgA Nephropathy. | journal=Case Rep Nephrol | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages= 378170 | pmid=26266064 | doi=10.1155/2015/378170 | pmc=4525752 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26266064  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Scattered [[wheezing]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Tidal volume|Vt]], ↑[[Residual volume|RV]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Histological]] confirmation
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Skin lesions]], [[Nerve damage]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Wegener's granulomatosis]]<ref name="pmid23034218">{{cite journal| author=Cardenas-Garcia J, Farmakiotis D, Baldovino BP, Kim P| title=Wegener's granulomatosis in a middle-aged woman presenting with dyspnea, rash, hemoptysis and recurrent eye complaints: a case report. | journal=J Med Case Rep | year= 2012 | volume= 6 | issue=  | pages= 335 | pmid=23034218 | doi=10.1186/1752-1947-6-335 | pmc=3492078 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23034218  }}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Wheezing]], [[Crackles]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓ [[RBC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cavitate [[nodules]], ground-glass opacity
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓ [[FEV1]]/[[FVC]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Biopsy]] demonstrating a [[granulomatous]] [[vasculitis]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rhinosinusitis|Chronic rhinosinusitis]]
-|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
-![[Goodpasture disease|Goodpasture's disease]]<ref name="BalDas2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bal|first1=Amanjit|last2=Das|first2=Ashim|last3=Gupta|first3=Dheeraj|last4=Garg|first4=Mandeep|title=Goodpasture’s Syndrome and p-ANCA Associated Vasculitis in a Patient of Silicosiderosis: An Unusual Association|journal=Case Reports in Pulmonology|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–7|issn=2090-6846|doi=10.1155/2014/398238}}</ref>
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Bilateral coarse [[crepitations]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓ [[RBC]], [[Hemoglobin|HGB]], [[Hematocrit|HCT]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Like [[Pulmonary edema chest x ray|pulmonary edema]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Kidney]] [[biopsy]]
-! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hematuria]],
-[[Hemoptysis]]
 |- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
 |}
+</small></small>
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}

Dyspnea and Loss of consciousness or Agitation: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 18:37, 22 February 2018

References

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