Occupational lung disease causes: Difference between revisions
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===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Occupational lung disease may be caused by:<ref name="pmid15640671">{{cite journal |vauthors=Banauch GI, Dhala A, Alleyne D, Alva R, Santhyadka G, Krasko A, Weiden M, Kelly KJ, Prezant DJ |title=Bronchial hyperreactivity and other inhalation lung injuries in rescue/recovery workers after the World Trade Center collapse |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=33 |issue=1 Suppl |pages=S102–6 |year=2005 |pmid=15640671 |doi= | Occupational lung disease may be caused by:<ref name="pmid15640671">{{cite journal |vauthors=Banauch GI, Dhala A, Alleyne D, Alva R, Santhyadka G, Krasko A, Weiden M, Kelly KJ, Prezant DJ |title=Bronchial hyperreactivity and other inhalation lung injuries in rescue/recovery workers after the World Trade Center collapse |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=33 |issue=1 Suppl |pages=S102–6 |year=2005 |pmid=15640671 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12226151">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prezant DJ, Weiden M, Banauch GI, McGuinness G, Rom WN, Aldrich TK, Kelly KJ |title=Cough and bronchial responsiveness in firefighters at the World Trade Center site |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=347 |issue=11 |pages=806–15 |year=2002 |pmid=12226151 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021300 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Silica ("silicosis") | *Silica ("silicosis") | ||
*Asbestos ("asbestosis") | *Asbestos ("asbestosis") | ||
Revision as of 17:15, 13 February 2018
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Differentiating Occupational lung disease from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ;Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]
Overview
Occupational lung disease may be caused by organic dust such as thermophilic and true fungi, and bacteria and animal proteins, or by inorganic dust such as, silicates, carbons and metals, or by agents other than organic or inorganic dusts such as, chemicals, gases, fumes, vapors and aerosols.
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
- Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.[1][2]
- Life-threatening causes of occupational lung disease include asbestos and chemical gas inhalation such as chlorine gas.
Common Causes
Occupational lung disease may be caused by:[3][4]
- Silica ("silicosis")
- Asbestos ("asbestosis")
- Beryllium ("berylliosis")
- Mica (principally K and Mg aluminum silicates)
- Portland cement
- Aluminum silicates (sericite, sillimanite, zeolite)
- Aluminum
- Hard metal dusts (cadmium, tungsten, titanium and cobalt)
- Iron ("siderosis")
- Coal dust ("coal worker's pneumoconiosis")
- Graphite ("carbon pneumoconiosis")
- Farmer's lung (Macropolyspora faeni)
- Grain handler's lung (Thermactinomyces vulgaris)
- Humidifier or air conditioner lung (T. sacchari)
- Aspergillus
- CuSO4 neutralized with hydrated lime (Bordeaux mixture; "vineyard sprayer's lung")
- Bird fancier's disease
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of occupational lung disease include:[5][6]
- Vinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride powder
- Oxygen
- Oxides of nitrogen
- Sulfur dioxide
- Chlorine gas
- Methyl isocyanate
- Oxides of zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium, iron, magnesium, nickel, brass, selenium, tin, and antimony
- Diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- Trimellitic anhydride toxicity
- Hydrocarbons
- Thermosetting resins (rubber tire workers)
- Toluene diisocyanate (TDI - asthmatic reactions prominent)
- Talc (hydrated Mg silicates; "talcosis")
- Kaolin or "china clay" (hydrated aluminum silicate)
- Popcorn worker's lung (butter flavoring)
- Oxygen
- Mercury
- Oils
- Fats
- Pyrethrum (a natural insecticide)
- Nepheline (hard rock containing mixed silicates)
- Diatomaceous earth (Fuller's earth, aluminum silicate with Fe and Mg)
- Tin ("stannosis")
- Antimony
- Hematite(mixed dusts of iron oxide, silica and silicates; "siderosilicosis")
- Mixed dusts of silver and iron oxide ("argyrosiderosis")
- CuSO4 neutralized with hydrated lime (Bordeaux mixture; "vineyard sprayer's lung")
- Rare earths (cerium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum)
- Cryptostroma corticale
- Aureobasidium pullulans
- Penicillium species
- Bacillus subtilis
- B. cereus
- Synthetic - fiber lung (Orlon, polyesters, nylon, acrylic)
- Bakelite worker's lung pathways
Genetic Causes
- Occupational lung disease may be triggered by a mutation in the following genes:[7]
- MUC5B promoter polymorphism
- Has been identified as causing progression in interstitial lung fibrosis
- HLA-DPB1*0201 polymorphisms
- Associated with chronic berylliosis, whilst HLA-DPB1*0401 gene is protective
- Single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of TNF-α, the no.308 guanine to adenine transition, has been associated with beryllium sensitization transition to clinial disease
- NAT2 acetylation
- Associated with bladder cancer with exposure to benzine dyes
- HLA class II genes such as HLA-DQB1*0503
- Associated with toluene diisocyanate-induced occupational asthma
- Polymorphisms in exons 3 of Tyr113His (C113T) and 4 His139Arg (G139A) of the mEH gene
- Associated with organic dust-induced chronic airways disease where the activity of microsomal epoxide hydrolase slows down
- MUC5B promoter polymorphism
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | Chemical sources:
•Synthetic - fiber lung (Orlon, polyesters, nylon, acrylic) •Bakelite worker's lung pathways •Vinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride powder Gases: •Oxygen •Oxides of nitrogen •Sulfur dioxide •Chlorine gas •Methyl isocyanate Fumes: •Oxides of zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium, iron, magnesium, nickel, brass, selenium, tin, and antimony •Diphenylmethane diisocyanate •Trimellitic anhydride toxicity Vapors: •Hydrocarbons •Thermosetting resins (rubber tire workers) •Toluene diisocyanate (TDI - asthmatic reactions prominent) •Oxygen •Mercury Aerosols: •Oils •Fats •Pyrethrum (a natural insecticide) |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | •Farmer's lung (Macropolyspora faeni)
•Grain handler's lung (Thermactinomyces vulgaris) •Humidifier or air conditioner lung (T. sacchari) • Aspergillus •Cryptostroma corticale •Aureobasidium pullulans •Penicillium species •Bacillus subtilis •B. cereus •Bird fancier's disease •Nepheline (hard rock containing mixed silicates) •Diatomaceous earth (Fuller's earth, aluminum silicate with Fe and Mg) |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | •Coal dust ("coal worker's pneumoconiosis")
•Graphite ("carbon pneumoconiosis") •Tin ("stannosis") •Aluminum •Hard metal dusts (cadmium, tungsten, titanium and cobalt) •Iron ("siderosis") •Antimony •Hematite(mixed dusts of iron oxide, silica and silicates; "siderosilicosis") •Mixed dusts of silver and iron oxide ("argyrosiderosis") •CuSO4 neutralized with hydrated lime (Bordeaux mixture; "vineyard sprayer's lung") •Rare earths (cerium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum) |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Goldman RH, Peters JM (1981). "The occupational and environmental health history". JAMA. 246 (24): 2831–6. PMID 7310975.
- ↑ Banauch GI, Hall C, Weiden M, Cohen HW, Aldrich TK, Christodoulou V, Arcentales N, Kelly KJ, Prezant DJ (2006). "Pulmonary function after exposure to the World Trade Center collapse in the New York City Fire Department". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174 (3): 312–9. doi:10.1164/rccm.200511-1736OC. PMC 2648115. PMID 16645172.
- ↑ Banauch GI, Dhala A, Alleyne D, Alva R, Santhyadka G, Krasko A, Weiden M, Kelly KJ, Prezant DJ (2005). "Bronchial hyperreactivity and other inhalation lung injuries in rescue/recovery workers after the World Trade Center collapse". Crit. Care Med. 33 (1 Suppl): S102–6. PMID 15640671.
- ↑ Prezant DJ, Weiden M, Banauch GI, McGuinness G, Rom WN, Aldrich TK, Kelly KJ (2002). "Cough and bronchial responsiveness in firefighters at the World Trade Center site". N. Engl. J. Med. 347 (11): 806–15. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa021300. PMID 12226151.
- ↑ Tarlo SM, Lemiere C (2014). "Occupational asthma". N. Engl. J. Med. 370 (7): 640–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1301758. PMID 24521110.
- ↑ Tarlo SM, Balmes J, Balkissoon R, Beach J, Beckett W, Bernstein D, Blanc PD, Brooks SM, Cowl CT, Daroowalla F, Harber P, Lemiere C, Liss GM, Pacheco KA, Redlich CA, Rowe B, Heitzer J (2008). "Diagnosis and management of work-related asthma: American College Of Chest Physicians Consensus Statement". Chest. 134 (3 Suppl): 1S–41S. doi:10.1378/chest.08-0201. PMID 18779187.
- ↑ Christiani DC, Mehta AJ, Yu CL (2008). "Genetic susceptibility to occupational exposures". Occup Environ Med. 65 (6): 430–6, quiz 436, 397. doi:10.1136/oem.2007.033977. PMC 3815576. PMID 18487431.