Trichinosis natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 5: Line 5:
==Overview==
==Overview==
If left untreated, patients with trichinosis may progress to develop [[periorbital edema]], [[muscle pain]], and [[fever]].<ref name="wiki1234">Trichinosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinosis. Accessed on January 22, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid19136437">{{cite journal| author=Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2009 | volume= 22 | issue= 1 | pages= 127-45, Table of Contents | pmid=19136437 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00026-08 | pmc=PMC2620635 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19136437  }} </ref> [[Complications]] of trichinosis affect the [[cardiovascular]], [[neurological]], [[ocular]], [[respiratory]] and [[Digestive system|digestive systems]].<ref name="abc">FAO/WHO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, management, prevention and control of trichinellosis. FAO (2007). http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/61e00fb1-87e8-5b89-8be1-50481e43eed1/ Accessed on January 28, 2016 </ref> Most people with trichinosis have no [[symptoms]], the [[infection]] goes away by itself. The [[prognosis]] of trichinosis is good with treatment.<ref name="bb">Trichinosis. MedlinePlus. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000631.htm Accessed on January 28, 2016  </ref> The most dangerous case is worms entering the [[central nervous system]]. They cannot survive there, but they may cause enough damage to produce serious [[Neurological disorders|neurological deficits]] (such as [[ataxia]] or respiratory paralysis), and even death. Infestation of the [[heart]] may also lead to death.<ref name="wiki1234">Trichinosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinosis. Accessed on January 22, 2016</ref>
If left untreated, patients with trichinosis may progress to develop [[periorbital edema]], [[muscle pain]], and [[fever]].<ref name="wiki1234">Trichinosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinosis. Accessed on January 22, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid19136437">{{cite journal| author=Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2009 | volume= 22 | issue= 1 | pages= 127-45, Table of Contents | pmid=19136437 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00026-08 | pmc=PMC2620635 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19136437  }} </ref> [[Complications]] of trichinosis affect the [[cardiovascular]], [[neurological]], [[ocular]], [[respiratory]] and [[Digestive system|digestive systems]].<ref name="abc">FAO/WHO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, management, prevention and control of trichinellosis. FAO (2007). http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/61e00fb1-87e8-5b89-8be1-50481e43eed1/ Accessed on January 28, 2016 </ref> Most people with trichinosis have no [[symptoms]], the [[infection]] goes away by itself. The [[prognosis]] of trichinosis is good with treatment.<ref name="bb">Trichinosis. MedlinePlus. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000631.htm Accessed on January 28, 2016  </ref> The most dangerous case is worms entering the [[central nervous system]]. They cannot survive there, but they may cause enough damage to produce serious [[Neurological disorders|neurological deficits]] (such as [[ataxia]] or respiratory paralysis), and even death. Infestation of the [[heart]] may also lead to death.<ref name="wiki1234">Trichinosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinosis. Accessed on January 22, 2016</ref>
===Natural History===
 
==Natural History==
*The [[symptoms]] vary depending on the phase, species of [[Trichinella]], amount of encysted larvae ingested, [[age]], gender, and host immunity.
*The [[symptoms]] vary depending on the phase, species of [[Trichinella]], amount of encysted larvae ingested, [[age]], gender, and host immunity.
*Patients infected by 10 or less larvae have either minor or no [[symptoms]] and no [[complications]].
*Patients infected by 10 or less larvae have either minor or no [[symptoms]] and no [[complications]].
Line 20: Line 21:
**The [[CNS]] is compromised by trichinosis in 10–24% of reported cases of [[cerebral venous sinus thrombosis]], a very rare form of [[stroke]] (3-4 cases per million annual incidence in adults).
**The [[CNS]] is compromised by trichinosis in 10–24% of reported cases of [[cerebral venous sinus thrombosis]], a very rare form of [[stroke]] (3-4 cases per million annual incidence in adults).
**Trichinosis can be fatal depending on the severity of the [[infection]]; death can occur 4–6 weeks after the [[infection]], and is usually caused by [[myocarditis]], [[encephalitis]], or [[pneumonia]].<ref name="wiki1234">Trichinosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinosis. Accessed on January 22, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid19136437">{{cite journal| author=Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2009 | volume= 22 | issue= 1 | pages= 127-45, Table of Contents | pmid=19136437 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00026-08 | pmc=PMC2620635 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19136437  }} </ref>
**Trichinosis can be fatal depending on the severity of the [[infection]]; death can occur 4–6 weeks after the [[infection]], and is usually caused by [[myocarditis]], [[encephalitis]], or [[pneumonia]].<ref name="wiki1234">Trichinosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinosis. Accessed on January 22, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid19136437">{{cite journal| author=Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2009 | volume= 22 | issue= 1 | pages= 127-45, Table of Contents | pmid=19136437 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00026-08 | pmc=PMC2620635 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19136437  }} </ref>
===Complications===
 
==Complications==
Common [[complications]] of trichinosis include:
Common [[complications]] of trichinosis include:
*[[Cardiovascular]]:
*[[Cardiovascular]]:

Revision as of 14:17, 1 February 2016

Trichinosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Trichinosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Trichinosis natural history, complications, and prognosis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Trichinosis natural history, complications, and prognosis

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Trichinosis natural history, complications, and prognosis

CDC on Trichinosis natural history, complications, and prognosis

Trichinosis natural history, complications, and prognosis in the news

Blogs on Trichinosis natural history, complications, and prognosis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Trichinosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Trichinosis natural history, complications, and prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac

Overview

If left untreated, patients with trichinosis may progress to develop periorbital edema, muscle pain, and fever.[1][2] Complications of trichinosis affect the cardiovascular, neurological, ocular, respiratory and digestive systems.[3] Most people with trichinosis have no symptoms, the infection goes away by itself. The prognosis of trichinosis is good with treatment.[4] The most dangerous case is worms entering the central nervous system. They cannot survive there, but they may cause enough damage to produce serious neurological deficits (such as ataxia or respiratory paralysis), and even death. Infestation of the heart may also lead to death.[1]

Natural History

Complications

Common complications of trichinosis include:

Prognosis

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Trichinosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinosis. Accessed on January 22, 2016
  2. 2.0 2.1 Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K (2009). "Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 22 (1): 127–45, Table of Contents. doi:10.1128/CMR.00026-08. PMC 2620635. PMID 19136437.
  3. 3.0 3.1 FAO/WHO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, management, prevention and control of trichinellosis. FAO (2007). http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/61e00fb1-87e8-5b89-8be1-50481e43eed1/ Accessed on January 28, 2016
  4. 4.0 4.1 Trichinosis. MedlinePlus. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000631.htm Accessed on January 28, 2016

Template:WH Template:WS