Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet)

Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet)
Black Box Warning
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alberto Plate [2]

Disclaimer

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Black Box Warning

WARNING See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning. Serious and/or life-threatening peripheral ischemia has been associated with the coadministration of ergotamine tartrate with potent CYP 3A4 inhibitors including protease inhibitors and macrolide antibiotics. Because CYP 3A4 inhibition elevates the serum levels of ergotamine tartrate, the risk for vasospasm leading to cerebral ischemia and/or ischemia of the extremities is increased. Hence, concomitant use of these medications is contraindicated.

Overview

Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) is an alpha adrenergic blocking agent that is FDA approved for the prophylaxis of vascular migraine. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include Pruritus, Nausea and vomiting, Muscle weakness, Paresthesia and Visual disturbance.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

For best results, dosage should start at the first sign of an attack. Early Administration Gives Maximum Effectiveness. At the first sign of an attack or to relieve symptoms after onset of an attack, one 2 mg tablet is placed under the tongue. Another tablet should be taken at half-hour intervals thereafter, if necessary, but dosage must not exceed three tablets in any 24hour period. Total weekly dosage should not exceed five tablets (10 mg) in any one week. Ergomar® Sublingual Tablets should not be used for chronic daily administration.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Ergotamine in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Ergotamine in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric) in the drug label.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Ergotamine in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Ergotamine in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

Coadministration of ergotamine with potent CYP 3A4 inhibitors (ritonavir, nelfinavir, indinavir, erythromycin, clarithromycin and troleandomycin) has been associated with acute ergot toxicity (ergotism) characterized by vasospasm and ischemia of the extremities, with some cases resulting in amputation. There have been rare reports of cerebral ischemia in patients on protease inhibitor therapy when ergotamine was coadministered, at least one resulting in death. Because of the increased risk for ergotism and other serious vasospastic adverse events, ergotamine use is contraindicated with these drugs and other potent inhibitors of CYP 3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole).

Ergomar® Sublingual Tablets may cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women. Ergomar® Sublingual Tablets are contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. If this drug is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this product, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. Peripheral vascular disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, impaired hepatic function or renal function and sepsisHypersensitivity to any of the components.

Warnings

WARNING See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning. Serious and/or life-threatening peripheral ischemia has been associated with the coadministration of ergotamine tartrate with potent CYP 3A4 inhibitors including protease inhibitors and macrolide antibiotics. Because CYP 3A4 inhibition elevates the serum levels of ergotamine tartrate, the risk for vasospasm leading to cerebral ischemia and/or ischemia of the extremities is increased. Hence, concomitant use of these medications is contraindicated.

CYP 3A4 Inhibitors (e.g. Macrolide Antibiotics and Protease Inhibitors)

Coadministration of ergotamine with potent CYP 3A4 inhibitors such as protease inhibitors or macrolide antibiotics has been associated with serious adverse events; for this reason, these drugs should not be given concomitantly with ergotamine (See CONTRAINDIATIONS). While these reactions have not been reported with less potent CYP 3A4 inhibitors, there is a potential risk for serious toxicity including vasospasm when these drugs are used with ergotamine. Examples of less potent CYP 3A4 inhibitors include: saquinavir, nefazodone, fluconazole, fluoxetine, grapefruit juice, fluvoxamine, zileuton, metronidazole, and clotrimazole. These lists are not exhaustive, and the prescriber should consider the effects on CYP 3A4 of other agents being considered for concomitant use with ergotamine.

Fibrotic Complications

There have been a few reports of patients on ergotamine tartrate and caffeine therapy developing retroperitoneal and/or pleuropulmonary fibrosis. There have also been rare reports of fibrotic thickening of the aortic valve, mitral valve, tricuspid valve, and/or pulmonary valve with long-term continuous use of ergotamine tartrate and caffeine. Ergomar® Sublingual Tablets should not be used for chronic daily administration

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

Cardiovascular Effects=

• Vasoconstriction
  • Ischemia
  • Cyanosis
  • Absence of pulse
  • Cold extremities
  • Gangrene
  • Precordial distress
  • Precordial pain
  • EKG changes
  • Muscle pain
• Transient tachycardia
• Bradycardia
• Hypertension

Gastrointestinal Effects

• Nausea and vomiting

Neurological Effects

• Paresthesias
• Numbness
• Weakness
• Vertigo

Allergic Effects

• Localized edema and itching.

Fibrotic Complications

• Retroperitoneal
• Pleural

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) Postmarketing Experience in the drug label.

Drug Interactions

Pharmacokinetic interactions (increased blood levels of ergotamine) have been reported in patients treated orally with ergotamine and macrolide antibiotics (e.g., troleandomycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin), and in patients treated orally with ergotamine and protease inhibitors (e.g. ritonavir) presumably due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A metabolism of ergotamine. Ergotamine has also been shown to be an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A catalyzed reactions. No pharmacokinetic interactions involving other cytochrome P450 isoenzymes are known.

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): X There are no studies on the placental transfer or teratogenicity of Ergomar®. Ergotamine crosses the placenta in small amounts, although it does not appear to be embryotoxic in this quantity. However, prolonged vasoconstriction of the uterine vessels and/or increased myometrial tone leading to reduced myometrial and placental blood flow may have contributed to fetal growth retardation observed in animals.
Pregnancy Category (AUS): There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

Ergomar® is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its oxytocic effect which is maximal in the third trimester.

Nursing Mothers

Ergot drugs are known to inhibit prolactin but there are no reports of decreased lactation with Ergomar®. Ergotamine is excreted in breast milk and may cause symptoms of vomiting diarrhea, weak pulse and unstable blood pressure in nursing infants. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Ergomar®, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) in geriatric settings.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

• Sublingual tablets

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) Monitoring in the drug label.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding the compatibility of Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) and IV administrations.

Overdosage

Symptoms include vomiting, numbness, tingling, pain and cyanosis of the extremities associated with diminished or absent peripheral pulses; hypertension or hypotension; drowsiness, stupor, coma, convulsions and shock. A case has been reported of reversible bilateral papillitis with ring scotomata in a patient who received five times the recommended daily adult dose over a period of 14 days. Treatment consists of removal of the offending drug. Maintenance of adequate pulmonary ventilation, correction of hypotension, and control of convulsions and blood pressure are important considerations. Treatment of peripheral vasospasm should consist of warmth, but not heat, and protection of the ischemic limbs. Vasodilators may be beneficial but caution must be exercised to avoid aggravating an already existent hypotension.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Ergotamine is a alpha adrenergic blocking agent with a direct stimulating effect on the smooth muscle of peripheral and cranial blood vessels and produces depression of central vasomotor centers. The compound also has the properties of serotonin antagonism. In comparison to hydrogenated ergotamine, the adrenergic blocking actions are less pronounced and vasoconstrictive actions are greater.

Structure

There is limited information regarding Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) Structure in the drug label.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) Pharmacodynamics in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) Pharmacokinetics in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) Nonclinical Toxicology in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) Clinical Studies in the drug label.

How Supplied

Ergotamine Tartrate Sublingual Tablets

Ergomar® Sublingual Tablets are round, green tablets each containing 2 mg of ergotamine tartrate. They are debossed with the product identification code "LB2" on one side, and are supplied in individual foil strips packaged in a plastic child resistant canister containing 20 tablets (5 – 2 × 2 foil strips) NDC 10802-12020

Storage

Store at 20°- 25°C (68° - 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° - 30°C (59° - 86°F). Protect from light and heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Images

Drug Images

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Package and Label Display Panel

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Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) Patient Counseling Information in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

Alcohol-Ergotamine interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

• Ergomar

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet) Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

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Ergotamine
ERGOMAR (ergotamine tartrate) tablet® FDA Package Insert
Indications and Usage
Dosage and Administration
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Contraindications
Warnings and Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Overdosage
Description
Clinical Pharmacology
Nonclinical Toxicology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied/Storage and Handling
Patient Counseling Information
Labels and Packages
Medihaler ergotamine (ergotamine tartrate) aerosol, metered® FDA Package Insert
Indications and Usage
Dosage and Administration
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Contraindications
Warnings and Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Overdosage
Description
Clinical Pharmacology
Nonclinical Toxicology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied/Storage and Handling
Patient Counseling Information
Labels and Packages
Clinical Trials on Medihaler ergotamine (ergotamine tartrate) aerosol, metered
ClinicalTrials.gov

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Pratik Bahekar, MBBS [4]

For patient information about Ergotamine, click here.

Synonyms / Brand Names: CAFERGOT^®, ERGOMAR(ergotamine tartrate)tablet^®, Medihaler ergotamine (ergotamine tartrate)^®

Overview

Ergotamine tartrate (sublingual tablet)

Clinical data
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	N02CA02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	hepatic
Excretion	renal
Identifiers
IUPAC name Ergotaman-3',6',18-trione, 12'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-5'-(phenylmethyl)-, (5'-alpha)- (9CI)
CAS Number	113-15-5
PubChem CID	9787
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C33H35N5O5
Molar mass	581.66 g/mol

Ergotamine is an ergopeptine and part of the ergot family of alkaloids; it is structurally and biochemically closely related to ergoline. It possesses structural similarity to several neurotransmitters, and has biological activity as a vasoconstrictor. It is used medicinally for migraine prevention (sometimes in combination with caffeine), and to induce childbirth and prevent post-partum haemorrhage.

Category

Anti Migraine Drugs

ERGOMAR (ergotamine tartrate) tablet

Indications and Usage | Dosage and Administration | Dosage Forms and Strengths | Contraindications | Warnings and Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Drug Interactions | Use in Specific Populations | Overdosage | Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Nonclinical Toxicology | Clinical Studies | How Supplied/Storage and Handling | Patient Counseling Information | Labels and Packages

Medihaler ergotamine (ergotamine tartrate) aerosol, metered

Indications and Usage | Dosage and Administration | Dosage Forms and Strengths | Contraindications | Warnings and Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Drug Interactions | Use in Specific Populations | Overdosage | Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Nonclinical Toxicology | Clinical Studies | How Supplied/Storage and Handling | Patient Counseling Information | Labels and Packages

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of ergotamine is complex. The molecule shares similarity with neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and adrenaline and can thus bind to several cell receptors acting both as agonist and antagonist in signal transduction within cellular tissues. The anti-migraine effect is due to constriction of the intercranial extracerebral blood vessels through the 5-HT_1B receptor, and by inhibiting trigeminal neurotransmission by 5-HT_1D receptors. Ergotamine also has effects on the dopamine and noradrenaline receptors. It is its action on the D2 dopamine and 5-HT_1A receptors that can cause some side effects.

Biosynthesis

Ergotamine is a secondary metabolite (natural product) and the principal alkaloid produced by the ergot fungus, Claviceps purpurea, and related fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae. Its biosynthesis in these fungi requires the amino acid, L-tryptophan, and dimethylallyl diphosphate. These precursor compounds are the substrates for the enzyme, dimethylally-tryptophan (DMAT) synthase, catalyzing the first step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis, i.e., the prenylation of L-tryptophan. Further reactions, involving methyltransferase and oxygenase enzymes, yield the ergoline, lysergic acid. Lysergic acid (LA) is the substrate of lysergyl peptide synthetase, a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, which covalently links LA to the amino acids, L-alanine, L-proline, and L-phenylalanine. Enzyme-catalyzed or spontaneous cyclizations, oxygenations/oxidations, and isomerizations at selected residues precede, and give rise to, formation of ergotamine.

Illegal uses

Ergotamine is also a precursor of LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide.

See also

• Cafergot, a preventative migraine treatment with ergotamine.

References

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