Bacterial pneumonia causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 08:01, 3 January 2022

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz

Overview

Bacterial pneumonia may be due to a variety of underlying causes. The microorganisms responsible are divided into Typical and Atypical. Typical bacteria often result in a classic pneumonia whereas atypical bacteria lead to a much milder presentation often referred to as "walking pneumonia". These patients appear near normal but have extensive findings on chest x-ray.

Causes

Microorganisms


Typical Pneumonia ^[1]	Atypical Pneumonia ^[1]
Streptococcus pneumoniae	Legionella
Staphylococcus aureus	Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae	Chlamydia pneumoniae
Listeria monocytogenes	Chlamydia psittaci
Group A streptococci	Chlamydia Trachomatis
Moraxella catarrhalis
Anaerobes and aerobic gram-negative bacteria

Causes of Nosocomial and Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

^[2]

Demographics


Age Group	Most common organism
Neonates (<4 weeks old)	Group B streptococci, Escherichia coli ^[3], Listeria monocytogenes ^[4]
Toddlers (2 - 4 years)	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis ^[4]
Children (4 weeks - 18 years)	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae ^[4]
Adults (18 - 65 years)	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae ^[5]
Elderly (>65 years)	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella, Gram Negative Rods (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa)^[6]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 30020693.
↑ "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 30571062.
↑ Webber S, Wilkinson AR, Lindsell D, Hope PL, Dobson SR, Isaacs D (1990). "Neonatal pneumonia". Arch Dis Child. 65 (2): 207–11. doi:10.1136/adc.65.2.207. PMC 1792235. PMID 2107797.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Nguyen TK, Tran TH, Roberts CL, Graham SM, Marais BJ (2017). "Child pneumonia - focus on the Western Pacific Region". Paediatr Respir Rev. 21: 102–110. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2016.07.004. PMC 7106312 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 27569107.
↑ Eshwara VK, Mukhopadhyay C, Rello J (2020). "Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults: An update". Indian J Med Res. 151 (4): 287–302. doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1678_19. PMC 7371062 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32461392 Check |pmid= value (help).
↑ Henig O, Kaye KS (2017). "Bacterial Pneumonia in Older Adults". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 31 (4): 689–713. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.015. PMC 7127502 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 28916385.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid30020693-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 30020693.

[pmid30571062-2] "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 30571062.

[pmid2107797-3] Webber S, Wilkinson AR, Lindsell D, Hope PL, Dobson SR, Isaacs D (1990). "Neonatal pneumonia". Arch Dis Child. 65 (2): 207–11. doi:10.1136/adc.65.2.207. PMC 1792235. PMID 2107797.

[pmid27569107-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Nguyen TK, Tran TH, Roberts CL, Graham SM, Marais BJ (2017). "Child pneumonia - focus on the Western Pacific Region". Paediatr Respir Rev. 21: 102–110. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2016.07.004. PMC 7106312 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 27569107.

[pmid32461392-5] Eshwara VK, Mukhopadhyay C, Rello J (2020). "Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults: An update". Indian J Med Res. 151 (4): 287–302. doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1678_19. PMC 7371062 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32461392 Check |pmid= value (help).

[pmid28916385-6] Henig O, Kaye KS (2017). "Bacterial Pneumonia in Older Adults". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 31 (4): 689–713. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.015. PMC 7127502 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 28916385.

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@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 |-
 |Elderly (>65 years)
-|[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|''Streptococcus pneumoniae'']], ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]],'' ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]], [[Legionella]], Gram Negative Rods ([[Escherichia coli]], [[Klebsiella]], [[Enterobacter]] species, [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]])''
+|[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|''Streptococcus pneumoniae'']], ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]],'' ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]], [[Legionella]], Gram Negative Rods ([[Escherichia coli]], [[Klebsiella]], [[Enterobacter]] species, [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]])''<ref name="pmid28916385">{{cite journal| author=Henig O, Kaye KS| title=Bacterial Pneumonia in Older Adults. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2017 | volume= 31 | issue= 4 | pages= 689-713 | pmid=28916385 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.015 | pmc=7127502 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28916385  }} </ref>
 |}