Hepatopulmonary syndrome causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
The most common cause of hepatopulmonary syndrome is chronic liver disease with any etiology. Less common causes of hepatopulmonary syndrome include acute liver disease.
Causes
Common Causes
The most common cause of hepatopulmonary syndrome is chronic liver disease with any etiology. [1][2]
Common causes of chronic liver disease as the common cause of hepatopulmonary syndrome may include:
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Cirrhosis due to viral disease like HBV, HCV
- None alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH)
- Chronic biliary obstruction
- Autoimmune disorders such as:
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Primary biliary cholangitis
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Cryptogenic (idiopathic) cirrhosis
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of chronic liver disease as the common cause of hepatopulmonary syndrome may include:
- Alpha-one antitrypsin deficiency
- Wilson's disease
- Hemochromatosis
- Toxin and drug-induced liver disease
- Less common causes of hepatopulmonary syndrome include acute liver disease.
Genetic Causes
- Hepatopulmonary syndrome is not caused by a mutation in a gene. nevertheless, the following gene polymorphism might play a role in susceptibility of developing hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with liver disorders:
Cirrhosis Causes in Alphabetical Order [3] [4]
- Abetalipoproteinemia
- Acetaminophen overdose
- Addison-Gull syndrome
- Aflatoxin
- Alagille syndrome
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Alpers disease
- Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
- Alström syndrome
- Amiodarone
- Autoimmune cholangiopathy
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Bearn-Kunkel syndrome [5]
- Berardinelli lipodystrophy syndrome
- Bile duct stricture
- Biliary atresia
- Budd-Chiari Syndrome
- Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a
- Cardiac cirrhosis
- Caroli disease
- Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome
- Ceroid storage disease
- Cholestasis-oedema syndrome, Norwegian type
- Cholesterol ester storage disease
- Congenital hepatic fibrosis
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Cor Pulmonale
- Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome
- Cystic fibrosis
- Erythropoietic protoporphyria
- Ethanol
- Fanconi disease [6]
- Fasciola hepatica
- Fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency [7]
- Galactosemia
- Glycogen storage disease type IV
- Graft versus host disease
- Granulomatous cirrhosis
- Haemosiderosis
- Hemochromatosis
- Hepatic vein thrombosis
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hereditary fructose intolerance
- Hypervitaminosis A
- Indian familial childhood cirrhosis
- Isoniazid
- Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive
- Methotrexate
- Methyldopa
- Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Parenteral nutrition
- Polycystic kidney disease, autosomal recessive
- Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 (familial)
- Primary biliary cirrhosis
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Reynolds syndrome [8]
- Right sided cardiac failure
- Sarcoidosis
- Schistosomiasis
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Steatohepatitis
- Thalassemia
- Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome [9]
- Tricuspid insufficiency
- Tyrosinaemia type 1
- Visceral leishmaniasis
- Wilson disease
References
- ↑ Rodríguez-Roisin R, Agustí AG, Roca J (1992) The hepatopulmonary syndrome: new name, old complexities. Thorax 47 (11):897-902. DOI:10.1136/thx.47.11.897 PMID: 1465744
- ↑ Krowka MJ, Mandell MS, Ramsay MA, Kawut SM, Fallon MB, Manzarbeitia C et al. (2004) Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension: a report of the multicenter liver transplant database. Liver Transpl 10 (2):174-82. DOI:10.1002/lt.20016 PMID: 14762853
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1813854/#reference-sec
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2165837/
- ↑ http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/hereditary-fructose-intolerance
- ↑ http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Condition/4697/Reynolds_syndrome.aspx
- ↑ http://www.checkorphan.org/disease/tricho-hepato-enteric-syndrome