Chronic renal failure physical examination

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Chronic renal failure Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Chronic renal failure from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Chronic renal failure physical examination On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Chronic renal failure physical examination

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Chronic renal failure physical examination

CDC on Chronic renal failure physical examination

Chronic renal failure physical examination in the news

Blogs on Chronic renal failure physical examination

Directions to Hospitals Treating Chronic renal failure

Risk calculators and risk factors for Chronic renal failure physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Chronic renal failure causes disturbances in not only the filtration function of the kidney, but also in the normal functioning of virtually every organ in the body. Symptoms and overt signs of kidney disease are often subtle or absent until renal failure ensues. Thus, the diagnosis of chronic renal failure often take the patient by surprise.

Physical Examination

General Appearance

  • Malaise
  • In distress

Vital signs

Skin

  • Uremic fetor (foul smell)
  • Uremic frost on the face (deposits of tiny, white, friable, crystalline material)[1] [2]
  • Poor skin turgor
  • Excoriations (scratching)[3]
  • Localized erythema
  • Blisters[3]
  • Bruises
  • Lindsey's nails (half and half nails), where proximal half of nails is white (edema) and distal half is pink (normal)

HEENT

Neck

  • Distended neck veins
  • Carotid bruit (atherosclerosis)

Cardiothoracic

References

  1. Kuo CC, Hung JB, Tsai CW, Chen YM (2010). "Uremic frost". CMAJ. 182 (17): E800. doi:10.1503/cmaj.091779. PMC 2988568. PMID 20696798. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Udayakumar P, Balasubramanian S, Ramalingam KS, Lakshmi C, Srinivas CR, Mathew AC (2006). "Cutaneous manifestations in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis". Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 72 (2): 119–25. PMID 16707817.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Meyer TW, Hostetter TH (2007). "Uremia". N Engl J Med. 357 (13): 1316–25. doi:10.1056/NEJMra071313. PMID 17898101.

Template:WH Template:WS