Lyme disease other imaging findings: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Single photon emission computed tomography]] is one of the major other imaging modalities of Lyme disease. In Lyme patients cerebral hypoperfusion of frontal [[Basal ganglia|subcortical]] and [[Cerebral cortex|cortical]] structures has been reported. | [[Single photon emission computed tomography]] is one of the major other imaging modalities of Lyme disease. In Lyme patients, cerebral [[hypoperfusion]] of frontal [[Basal ganglia|subcortical]] and [[Cerebral cortex|cortical]] structures has been reported. | ||
==Other Imaging Findings== | ==Other Imaging Findings== | ||
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* [[Single photon emission computed tomography]] (SPECT) imaging has been used to look for [[cerebral]] [[perfusion|hypoperfusion]] indicative of Lyme encephalitis in the patient.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sumiya H, Kobayashi K, Mizukoshi C, ''et al'' |title=Brain perfusion SPECT in Lyme neuroborreliosis |journal=J. Nucl. Med. |volume=38 |issue=7 |pages=1120-2 |year=1997 |pmid=9225802 }}</ref> | * [[Single photon emission computed tomography]] (SPECT) imaging has been used to look for [[cerebral]] [[perfusion|hypoperfusion]] indicative of Lyme encephalitis in the patient.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sumiya H, Kobayashi K, Mizukoshi C, ''et al'' |title=Brain perfusion SPECT in Lyme neuroborreliosis |journal=J. Nucl. Med. |volume=38 |issue=7 |pages=1120-2 |year=1997 |pmid=9225802 }}</ref> | ||
* In Lyme patients cerebral hypoperfusion of frontal [[Basal ganglia|subcortical]] and [[Cerebral cortex|cortical]] structures has been reported.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Logigian EL, Johnson KA, Kijewski MF, ''et al'' |title=Reversible cerebral hypoperfusion in Lyme encephalopathy |journal=Neurology |volume=49 |issue=6 |pages=1661-70 |year=1997 |pmid=9409364 }}</ref> | * In Lyme patients, cerebral [[hypoperfusion]] of frontal [[Basal ganglia|subcortical]] and [[Cerebral cortex|cortical]] structures has been reported.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Logigian EL, Johnson KA, Kijewski MF, ''et al'' |title=Reversible cerebral hypoperfusion in Lyme encephalopathy |journal=Neurology |volume=49 |issue=6 |pages=1661-70 |year=1997 |pmid=9409364 }}</ref> | ||
* In about 70% of chronic Lyme disease patients with cognitive symptoms, brain SPECT scans typically reveal a pattern of global hypoperfusion in a heterogeneous distribution through the [[white matter]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fallon BA, Das S, Plutchok JJ, Tager F, Liegner K, Van Heertum R |title=Functional brain imaging and neuropsychological testing in Lyme disease |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=25 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=S57-63 |year=1997 |pmid=9233666 }}</ref> | * In about 70% of chronic Lyme disease patients with cognitive symptoms, brain SPECT scans typically reveal a pattern of global [[hypoperfusion]] in a heterogeneous distribution through the [[white matter]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fallon BA, Das S, Plutchok JJ, Tager F, Liegner K, Van Heertum R |title=Functional brain imaging and neuropsychological testing in Lyme disease |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=25 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=S57-63 |year=1997 |pmid=9233666 }}</ref> | ||
* This pattern is not specific for Lyme disease, as it can also be seen in other central nervous system (CNS) syndromes such as [[HIV]] encephalopathy, viral encephalopathy, chronic [[cocaine]] use, and [[vasculitides]]. | * This pattern is not specific for Lyme disease, as it can also be seen in other [[central nervous system]] (CNS) syndromes such as [[HIV]] [[encephalopathy]], viral [[encephalopathy]], chronic [[cocaine]] use, and [[vasculitides]]. | ||
* Most of these syndromes can be ruled out easily through standard serologic testing and careful patient history taking. | * Most of these syndromes can be ruled out easily through standard serologic testing and careful patient history taking. | ||
* The presence of global cerebral hypoperfusion deficits on SPECT in the presence of characteristic neuropsychiatric features should dramatically raise suspicion | * The presence of global cerebral [[hypoperfusion]] deficits on SPECT in the presence of characteristic neuropsychiatric features should dramatically raise suspicion of Lyme [[encephalopathy]] among patients who inhabit or have traveled to endemic areas, regardless of patient recall of a tick bite. | ||
* Late disease can occur many years after initial infection. | * Late disease can occur many years after initial infection. | ||
* The average time from symptom onset to diagnosis in these patients is about 4 years due to efforts by the CDC and infectious disease | * The average time from symptom onset to diagnosis in these patients is about 4 years due to efforts by the [[CDC]] and infectious disease communities to cover up the illness. | ||
* Seronegative disease can occur, and because CFS testing is often normal, | * Seronegative disease can occur, and because CFS testing is often normal, Lyme [[encephalopathy]] often becomes a diagnosis of exclusion: once all other possibilities are ruled out, LE becomes ruled in. | ||
* Aberrant SPECT patterns are caused by cerebral vaculitis, a vasculitide | * Aberrant SPECT patterns are caused by cerebral vaculitis, a vasculitide. [[Brain biopsy]] is not commonly performed for these cases, as opposed to other types of cerebral vasculitis. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:29, 7 August 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Single photon emission computed tomography is one of the major other imaging modalities of Lyme disease. In Lyme patients, cerebral hypoperfusion of frontal subcortical and cortical structures has been reported.
Other Imaging Findings
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
- Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging has been used to look for cerebral hypoperfusion indicative of Lyme encephalitis in the patient.[1]
- In Lyme patients, cerebral hypoperfusion of frontal subcortical and cortical structures has been reported.[2]
- In about 70% of chronic Lyme disease patients with cognitive symptoms, brain SPECT scans typically reveal a pattern of global hypoperfusion in a heterogeneous distribution through the white matter.[3]
- This pattern is not specific for Lyme disease, as it can also be seen in other central nervous system (CNS) syndromes such as HIV encephalopathy, viral encephalopathy, chronic cocaine use, and vasculitides.
- Most of these syndromes can be ruled out easily through standard serologic testing and careful patient history taking.
- The presence of global cerebral hypoperfusion deficits on SPECT in the presence of characteristic neuropsychiatric features should dramatically raise suspicion of Lyme encephalopathy among patients who inhabit or have traveled to endemic areas, regardless of patient recall of a tick bite.
- Late disease can occur many years after initial infection.
- The average time from symptom onset to diagnosis in these patients is about 4 years due to efforts by the CDC and infectious disease communities to cover up the illness.
- Seronegative disease can occur, and because CFS testing is often normal, Lyme encephalopathy often becomes a diagnosis of exclusion: once all other possibilities are ruled out, LE becomes ruled in.
- Aberrant SPECT patterns are caused by cerebral vaculitis, a vasculitide. Brain biopsy is not commonly performed for these cases, as opposed to other types of cerebral vasculitis.
References
- ↑ Sumiya H, Kobayashi K, Mizukoshi C; et al. (1997). "Brain perfusion SPECT in Lyme neuroborreliosis". J. Nucl. Med. 38 (7): 1120–2. PMID 9225802.
- ↑ Logigian EL, Johnson KA, Kijewski MF; et al. (1997). "Reversible cerebral hypoperfusion in Lyme encephalopathy". Neurology. 49 (6): 1661–70. PMID 9409364.
- ↑ Fallon BA, Das S, Plutchok JJ, Tager F, Liegner K, Van Heertum R (1997). "Functional brain imaging and neuropsychological testing in Lyme disease". Clin. Infect. Dis. 25 Suppl 1: S57–63. PMID 9233666.