Gs alpha subunit: Difference between revisions

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{{protein
{{DISPLAYTITLE:G<sub>s</sub> alpha subunit}}
{{infobox protein
|Name=GNAS complex locus
|Name=GNAS complex locus
|caption=
|caption=
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|LocusSupplementaryData=-13.3
|LocusSupplementaryData=-13.3
}}
}}
 
The '''G<sub>s</sub> alpha subunit''' ('''G<sub>αs</sub>''', '''G<sub>sα</sub>''', or '''G<sub>s</sub> protein''') is a [[heterotrimeric G protein]] subunit that activates the [[cAMP-dependent pathway]] by activating [[adenylyl cyclase]]. It is one of the three main families of G proteins: [[Gi alpha subunit|G<sub>αi</sub>]]/G<sub>αo</sub>,  [[Gq alpha subunit|G<sub>αq</sub>]], and G<sub>αs</sub>.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v3/n7/full/nrd1458.html|title=The state of GPCR research in 2004|last=Ellis|first=Claire|date=Jul 2004|journal=Nature Reviews Drug Discovery|doi=10.1038/nrd1458|edition=3|pages=577–626}}</ref> A mnemonic for remembering this subunit is to look at first letter  (G<sub>'''αs'''</sub> = '''A'''denylate Cyclase '''s'''timulator).
 
==Overview==
The '''G<sub>s</sub> alpha subunit''' (or '''Gs protein''') is a [[heterotrimeric G protein]] subunit which activates [[adenylate cyclase]].


==Receptors==
==Receptors==
The [[G-protein coupled receptors]] that couple to this kind of G-protein are for example:
The [[G protein-coupled receptors]] that couple to this kind of G-protein include:
* [[5-HT receptor]]s [[5HT-4 receptor|type 4]] and 7
* [[5-HT receptor]]s types [[5-HT4 receptor|5-HT<sub>4</sub>]] and [[5-HT7 receptor|5-HT<sub>7</sub>]]
* D1-like [[dopamine receptors]]
* [[ACTH receptor]] a.k.a. MC2R
* [[β-adrenergic receptors]]
* [[Adenosine receptor]] types [[Adenosine receptor A2a|A<sub>2a</sub>]] and [[Adenosine receptor A2b|A<sub>2b</sub>]]
* [[M1 receptor]] (primarily [[Gq alpha subunit|G<sub>q</sub>]]-coupled)
* [[Arginine vasopressin receptor 2]]
* [[Prostaglandin D2 receptor]]
* [[β-adrenergic receptors]] types [[Beta-1 adrenergic receptor|β<sub>1</sub>]], [[Beta-2 adrenergic receptor|β<sub>2</sub>]] and [[Beta-3 adrenergic receptor|β<sub>3</sub>]]
* [[Adenosine receptor A2a]] and [[Adenosine receptor A2b|A2b]]
* [[Calcitonin receptor]]
* [[Calcitonin receptor]]
*[[Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor]]
* [[Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor]]
* [[Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor]]
* [[Dopamine receptors]] D<sub>1</sub>-like family ([[dopamine receptor D1|D<sub>1</sub>]] and [[dopamine receptor D5|D<sub>5</sub>]])
* [[FSH-receptor]]
* [[Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor]]
* [[Glucagon receptor]]
* [[Histamine H2 receptor|Histamine H<sub>2</sub> receptor]]
* [[Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor]]
* [[Melanocortin receptor]]: [[MC1R]], [[MC2R]] (a.k.a. ACTH receptor), [[MC3R]], [[MC4R]], [[MC5R]]
* [[Parathyroid hormone receptor 1]]
* [[Prostaglandin receptor]] types [[Prostaglandin D2 receptor|D<sub>2</sub>]] and [[Prostacyclin receptor|I<sub>2</sub>]]
* [[Secretin receptor]]
* [[Thyrotropin receptor]]
* [[TAAR1|Trace amine-associated receptor 1]]


==Function==
==Function==
{{Main|function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase}}
{{Main|function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase}}
The general function of G<sub>s</sub> is to activate [[adenylate cyclase]], which, in turn, produces [[cyclic AMP|cAMP]], which, in turn activates [[cAMP-dependent protein kinase]]. Further effects of G<sub>s</sub> is thus found in [[function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase]].
The general function of G<sub>s</sub> is to activate [[adenylyl cyclase]], which, in turn, produces [[cyclic AMP|cAMP]], which, in turn activates [[cAMP-dependent protein kinase]]. Further effects of G<sub>s</sub> are thus found in [[function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase]].
 
It provides a step in [[signal transduction]]. Amplification of the signal occurs for instance because the receptor activates several G<sub>s</sub>.<ref name=neuro155>Page 155 in: {{cite book |author=Purves |title=Neuroscience, 4th Edition |publisher=Sinauer Associates Inc |location= |year=2007 |pages= |isbn=978-0-87893-697-7 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> However, each G<sub>s</sub> activates only one adenylate cyclase.<ref name=neuro155/>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Second messenger system]]
* [[Second messenger system]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
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* {{MeshName|GNAS+protein,+human}}
* {{MeshName|GNAS+protein,+human}}


{{biochem-stub}}
{{Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins}}
{{GTPases}}
{{Acid anhydride hydrolases}}
{{Enzymes}}
{{Portal bar|Molecular and Cellular Biology|border=no}}
 
[[Category:G proteins|*]]
[[Category:G proteins|*]]
[[Category:Membrane biology]]
[[Category:Membrane biology]]
[[Category:Peripheral membrane proteins]]
[[Category:Peripheral membrane proteins]]
{{WH}}
 
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
{{biochem-stub}}

Revision as of 10:44, 2 February 2017

GNAS complex locus
Identifiers
SymbolGNAS
Alt. symbolsGNAS1
Entrez2778
HUGO4392
OMIM139320
RefSeqNM_000516
UniProtQ5JWF2
Other data
LocusChr. 20 q13.2-13.3

The Gs alpha subunit (Gαs, Gsα, or Gs protein) is a heterotrimeric G protein subunit that activates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase. It is one of the three main families of G proteins: Gαi/Gαo, Gαq, and Gαs.[1] A mnemonic for remembering this subunit is to look at first letter (Gαs = Adenylate Cyclase stimulator).

Receptors

The G protein-coupled receptors that couple to this kind of G-protein include:

Function

Main article: function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase

The general function of Gs is to activate adenylyl cyclase, which, in turn, produces cAMP, which, in turn activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Further effects of Gs are thus found in function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

It provides a step in signal transduction. Amplification of the signal occurs for instance because the receptor activates several Gs.[2] However, each Gs activates only one adenylate cyclase.[2]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ellis, Claire (Jul 2004). "The state of GPCR research in 2004". Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (3 ed.): 577–626. doi:10.1038/nrd1458.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Page 155 in: Purves (2007). Neuroscience, 4th Edition. Sinauer Associates Inc. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.

External links


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