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{{Infobox_gene}}
-->{{PBB_Controls
'''CD59 glycoprotein''', also known as '''MAC-inhibitory protein''' (MAC-IP), '''membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis''' (MIRL), or '''protectin''', is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CD59'' [[gene]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=966&rn=1 |title=Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein}}</ref> It belongs to the [[LY6]]/[[Urokinase receptor|uPAR]]/[[alpha-neurotoxin]] [[protein family]].<ref name="pmid9664126">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maio M, Brasoveanu LI, Coral S, Sigalotti L, Lamaj E, Gasparollo A, Visintin A, Altomonte M, Fonsatti E | title = Structure, distribution, and functional role of protectin (CD59) in complement-susceptibility and in immunotherapy of human malignancies (Review) | journal = International Journal of Oncology | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | pages = 305–18 | date=Aug 1998 | pmid = 9664126 | doi = 10.3892/ijo.13.2.305 | url =  }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = no
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_CD59_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1cdq.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1cdq}}, {{PDB2|1cdr}}, {{PDB2|1cds}}, {{PDB2|1erg}}, {{PDB2|1erh}}, {{PDB2|2ofs}}
| Name = CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein
| HGNCid = 1689
| Symbol = CD59
| AltSymbols =; 16.3A5; EJ16; EJ30; EL32; G344; MGC2354; MIC11; MIN1; MIN2; MIN3; MSK21; PROTECTIN; p18-20
| OMIM = 107271
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 56386
| MGIid = 1888996
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CD59_200984_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CD59_200983_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_CD59_200985_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048503 |text = GPI anchor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006952 |text = defense response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007166 |text = cell surface receptor linked signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007596 |text = blood coagulation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 966
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000085063
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000602
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000611
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 33681134
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 33714600
    | Hs_Uniprot = P13987
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 333883
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000068686
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_181858
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_862906
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 103871849
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 103885796
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q6PBG1
  }}
}}
'''Protectin, a complement regulatory protein''', also known as '''{{gene|CD59}}''', is a human [[gene]] and protein.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=966&rn=1 |title=Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein}}</ref>


CD59 is an inhibitor of the [[complement membrane attack complex]].  [[Viruses]] such as [[HIV]], human [[cytomegalovirus]] and [[vaccinia]] virus incorporate host cell CD59 into their viral [[envelope]] to prevent lysis by complement.
CD59 attaches to host cells via a [[glycophosphatidylinositol]] (GPI) anchor.  When [[Complement system|complement]] activation leads to deposition of C5b678 on host cells, CD59 can prevent [[complement component 9|C9]] from polymerizing and forming the [[complement membrane attack complex]].<ref name="pmid16844690">{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S | title = Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 281 | issue = 37 | pages = 27398–27404 | date=September 2006 | pmid = 16844690 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M603690200 | url = }}</ref> It may also [[signal transduction|signal]] the cell to perform active measures such as [[endocytosis]] of the CD59-CD9 complex.<ref name = "pmid9664126"/>
 
Mutations affecting GPI that reduce expression of CD59 and [[decay-accelerating factor]] on [[red blood cell]]s result in [[paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]].<ref name=parker2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Parker C, Omine M, Richards S |title=Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |journal=Blood |volume=106 |issue=12 |pages=3699–709 |year=2005 |pmid=16051736 |doi=10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717|url=http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/full/106/12/3699 | pmc=1895106|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
 
[[Viruses]] such as [[HIV]], human [[cytomegalovirus]] and [[vaccinia virus|vaccinia]] incorporate host cell CD59 into their own [[viral envelope]] to prevent lysis by complement.<ref name="pmid15219997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z | title = Cell signals transduced by complement | journal = Mol. Immunol. | volume = 41 | issue = 6–7 | pages = 583–597 | date=July 2004 | pmid = 15219997 | doi = 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007 | url =  }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Tandon N, Morgan BP, Weetman AP |title=Expression and function of membrane attack complex inhibitory proteins on thyroid follicular cells |journal=Immunology |volume=75 |issue= 2 |pages= 372–7 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1372592 |doi= | pmc=1384722 }}
| citations =
*{{cite journal  | author=Holmes CH |title=Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 by comparison with membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (CD55) |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=22 |issue= 6 |pages= 1579–1585 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1376264 |doi=10.1002/eji.1830220635 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Simpson KL | author3=Okada H  | display-authors=3  | last4=Okada  | first4=Noriko  | last5=Wainwright  | first5=Shane D.  | last6=Purcell  | first6=Damian F. J.  | last7=Houlihan  | first7=James M. }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Tandon N, Morgan BP, Weetman AP |title=Expression and function of membrane attack complex inhibitory proteins on thyroid follicular cells. |journal=Immunology |volume=75 |issue= 2 |pages= 372-7 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1372592 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hahn WC |title=Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59 |journal=Science |volume=256 |issue= 5065 |pages= 1805–1807 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1377404 |doi=10.1126/science.1377404 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Menu E  | author3=Bothwell AL  | display-authors=3  | last4=Sims  | first4=P.  | last5=Bierer  | first5=B. }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Holmes CH, Simpson KL, Okada H, ''et al.'' |title=Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 by comparison with membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (CD55). |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=22 |issue= 6 |pages= 1579-85 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1376264 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Ninomiya H, Sims PJ |title=The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9 |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 19 |pages= 13675–80 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1377690 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hahn WC, Menu E, Bothwell AL, ''et al.'' |title=Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59. |journal=Science |volume=256 |issue= 5065 |pages= 1805-7 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1377404 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Petranka JG |title=Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=89 |issue= 17 |pages= 7876–7879 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1381503 |doi=10.1073/pnas.89.17.7876 | pmc=49817 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Fleenor DE  | author3=Sykes K  | display-authors=3 | last4=Kaufman  | first4=RE  | last5=Rosse  | first5=WF }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ninomiya H, Sims PJ |title=The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 19 |pages= 13675-80 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1377690 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H |title=Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=22 |issue= 10 |pages= 2669–2673 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1382994 |doi=10.1002/eji.1830221029 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Petranka JG, Fleenor DE, Sykes K, ''et al.'' |title=Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=89 |issue= 17 |pages= 7876-9 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1381503 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Rooney IA, Morgan BP |title=Characterization of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 antigen on human amniotic cells and in amniotic fluid |journal=Immunology |volume=76 |issue= 4 |pages= 541–7 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1383132 |doi= | pmc=1421564 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H |title=Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=22 |issue= 10 |pages= 2669-73 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1382994 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Tone M, Walsh LA, Waldmann H |title=Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=227 |issue= 3 |pages= 971–976 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1383553 |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(92)90239-G }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rooney IA, Morgan BP |title=Characterization of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 antigen on human amniotic cells and in amniotic fluid. |journal=Immunology |volume=76 |issue= 4 |pages= 541-7 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1383132 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Philbrick WM |title=The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=20 |issue= 1 |pages= 87–92 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1689664 |doi=10.1002/eji.1830200113 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Palfree RG  | author3=Maher SE  | display-authors=3  | last4=Bridgett  | first4=Margot M. | last5=Sirlin  | first5=Sonia  | last6=Bothwell  | first6=Alfred L. M. }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tone M, Walsh LA, Waldmann H |title=Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=227 |issue= 3 |pages= 971-6 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1383553 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sawada R |title=Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 213–220 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1692709 |doi=10.1089/dna.1990.9.213 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Ohashi K  | author3=Anaguchi H  | display-authors=3  | last4=Okazaki  | first4=Hitoaki  | last5=Hattori  | first5=Masakazu  | last6=Minato  | first6=Nagahiro  | last7=Naruto  | first7=Masanobu }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Philbrick WM, Palfree RG, Maher SE, ''et al.'' |title=The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=20 |issue= 1 |pages= 87-92 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1689664 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yamashina M |title=Inherited complete deficiency of 20-kilodalton homologous restriction factor (CD59) as a cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=323 |issue= 17 |pages= 1184–1189 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1699124 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199010253231707 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Ueda E  | author3=Kinoshita T | display-authors=3  | last4=Takami  | first4=Tsuyoshi  | last5=Ojima  | first5=Akitsugu  | last6=Ono  | first6=Hiromasa  | last7=Tanaka  | first7=Hiroshi  | last8=Kondo  | first8=Naomi  | last9=Orii  | first9=Tadao }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sawada R, Ohashi K, Anaguchi H, ''et al.'' |title=Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes. |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 213-20 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1692709 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Rooney IA, Morgan BP |title=Protection of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) from complement-mediated lysis: expression on the cells of three complement inhibitory membrane proteins |journal=Immunology |volume=71 |issue= 3 |pages= 308–11 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1702747 |doi= | pmc=1384423 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yamashina M, Ueda E, Kinoshita T, ''et al.'' |title=Inherited complete deficiency of 20-kilodalton homologous restriction factor (CD59) as a cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=323 |issue= 17 |pages= 1184-9 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1699124 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Watts MJ, Dankert JR, Morgan EP |title=Isolation and characterization of a membrane-attack-complex-inhibiting protein present in human serum and other biological fluids |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=265 |issue= 2 |pages= 471–7 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2302178 |doi= | pmc=1136908 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rooney IA, Morgan BP |title=Protection of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) from complement-mediated lysis: expression on the cells of three complement inhibitory membrane proteins. |journal=Immunology |volume=71 |issue= 3 |pages= 308-11 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1702747 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Okada H |title=20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=162 |issue= 3 |pages= 1553–1559 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2475111 |doi=10.1016/0006-291X(89)90852-8  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Nagami Y  | author3=Takahashi K  | display-authors=3  | last4=Okada  | first4=N  | last5=Hideshima  | first5=T  | last6=Takizawa  | first6=H  | last7=Kondo  | first7=J  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Watts MJ, Dankert JR, Morgan EP |title=Isolation and characterization of a membrane-attack-complex-inhibiting protein present in human serum and other biological fluids. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=265 |issue= 2 |pages= 471-7 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2302178 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Davies A |title=CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=170 |issue= 3 |pages= 637–654 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2475570 |doi=10.1084/jem.170.3.637  | pmc=2189447  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Simmons DL  | author3=Hale G  | display-authors=3  | last4=Harrison  | first4=RA  | last5=Tighe  | first5=H  | last6=Lachmann  | first6=PJ  | last7=Waldmann  | first7=H  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Okada H, Nagami Y, Takahashi K, ''et al.'' |title=20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=162 |issue= 3 |pages= 1553-9 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2475111 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sawada R |title=Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=17 |issue= 16 |pages= 6728–6728 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2476718 |doi=10.1093/nar/17.16.6728  | pmc=318369  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Ohashi K  | author3=Okano K  | display-authors=3  | last4=Hattori  | first4=Masakazu  | last5=Minato  | first5=Nagahiro  | last6=Naruto  | first6=Masanobu  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Davies A, Simmons DL, Hale G, ''et al.'' |title=CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=170 |issue= 3 |pages= 637-54 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2475570 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sugita Y |title=Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement |journal=J. Biochem. |volume=106 |issue= 4 |pages= 555–7 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2606909 |doi=  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Tobe T  | author3=Oda E  | display-authors=3  | last4=Tomita  | first4=M  | last5=Yasukawa  | first5=K  | last6=Yamaji  | first6=N  | last7=Takemoto  | first7=T  | last8=Furuichi  | first8=K  | last9=Takayama  | first9=M  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sawada R, Ohashi K, Okano K, ''et al.'' |title=Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=17 |issue= 16 |pages= 6728 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2476718 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bora NS |title=Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye |journal=Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. |volume=34 |issue= 13 |pages= 3579–84 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7505007 |doi=  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Gobleman CL  | author3=Atkinson JP  | display-authors=3  | last4=Pepose  | first4=JS  | last5=Kaplan  | first5=HJ  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sugita Y, Tobe T, Oda E, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement. |journal=J. Biochem. |volume=106 |issue= 4 |pages= 555-7 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2606909 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kieffer B |title=Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins |journal=Biochemistry |volume=33 |issue= 15 |pages= 4471–4482 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7512825 |doi=10.1021/bi00181a006  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Driscoll PC  | author3=Campbell ID  | display-authors=3  | last4=Willis  | first4=Antony C.  | last5=Van Der Merwe  | first5=P. Anton  | last6=Davis  | first6=Simon J.  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bora NS, Gobleman CL, Atkinson JP, ''et al.'' |title=Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye. |journal=Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. |volume=34 |issue= 13 |pages= 3579-84 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7505007 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kennedy SP |title=Protection of porcine aortic endothelial cells from complement-mediated cell lysis and activation by recombinant human CD59 |journal=Transplantation |volume=57 |issue= 10 |pages= 1494–501 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7515200 |doi=  10.1097/00007890-199405000-00017|name-list-format=vanc| author2=Rollins SA  | author3=Burton WV  | display-authors=3  | last4=Sims  | first4=PJ  | last5=Bothwell  | first5=AL  | last6=Squinto  | first6=SP  | last7=Zavoico  | first7=GB }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kieffer B, Driscoll PC, Campbell ID, ''et al.'' |title=Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=33 |issue= 15 |pages= 4471-82 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7512825 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kennedy SP, Rollins SA, Burton WV, ''et al.'' |title=Protection of porcine aortic endothelial cells from complement-mediated cell lysis and activation by recombinant human CD59. |journal=Transplantation |volume=57 |issue= 10 |pages= 1494-501 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7515200 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{MeshName|CD59+Antigen}}
* {{MeshName|CD59+Antigen}}
* {{UCSC gene info|CD59}}


{{immunology-stub}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=966}}
{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{Complement system}}


[[Category:Clusters of differentiation]]
[[Category:Clusters of differentiation]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 14:37, 5 June 2018

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Identifiers
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External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

CD59 glycoprotein, also known as MAC-inhibitory protein (MAC-IP), membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL), or protectin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD59 gene.[1] It belongs to the LY6/uPAR/alpha-neurotoxin protein family.[2]

CD59 attaches to host cells via a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. When complement activation leads to deposition of C5b678 on host cells, CD59 can prevent C9 from polymerizing and forming the complement membrane attack complex.[3] It may also signal the cell to perform active measures such as endocytosis of the CD59-CD9 complex.[2]

Mutations affecting GPI that reduce expression of CD59 and decay-accelerating factor on red blood cells result in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.[4]

Viruses such as HIV, human cytomegalovirus and vaccinia incorporate host cell CD59 into their own viral envelope to prevent lysis by complement.[5]

References

  1. ↑ "Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein".
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Maio M, Brasoveanu LI, Coral S, Sigalotti L, Lamaj E, Gasparollo A, Visintin A, Altomonte M, Fonsatti E (Aug 1998). "Structure, distribution, and functional role of protectin (CD59) in complement-susceptibility and in immunotherapy of human malignancies (Review)". International Journal of Oncology. 13 (2): 305–18. doi:10.3892/ijo.13.2.305. PMID 9664126.
  3. ↑ Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S (September 2006). "Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (37): 27398–27404. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603690200. PMID 16844690.
  4. ↑ Parker C, Omine M, Richards S, et al. (2005). "Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". Blood. 106 (12): 3699–709. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. PMC 1895106. PMID 16051736.
  5. ↑ Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z (July 2004). "Cell signals transduced by complement". Mol. Immunol. 41 (6–7): 583–597. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007. PMID 15219997.

Further reading

External links

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=CD59&oldid=1527736"