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| {{Infobox_Disease | | | __NOTOC__ |
| Name = Athlete's foot or tinea pedis | | | {{Infobox Disease | |
| | Name = Athlete's foot | |
| Image = athletes.jpg | | | Image = athletes.jpg | |
| Caption = Pale, flaky & split skin of athlete's foot in a toe web space | | | Caption = Pale, flaky & split skin of athlete's foot in a toe web space | |
| DiseasesDB = 13122 | | | |
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|35|3|b|35}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|110.4}} |
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| ICDO = |
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| OMIM = |
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| MedlinePlus = 000875 |
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| eMedicineSubj = derm |
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| eMedicineTopic = 470 |
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| MeshID = |
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| }} | | }} |
| {{SI}} | | {{Athlete's foot}} |
| {{EH}} | | '''This page is about clinical aspects of the disease. For microbiologic aspects of specific causative organisms:''' |
| | {{Seealso|Trichophyton rubrum}} |
| | {{Seealso|Trichophyton interdigitale}} |
| | {{Seealso|Trichophyton tonsurans}} |
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| '''Athlete's foot''' or '''Tinea pedis'''<ref name=tinea>The term "tinea pedis" refers to the disease and not the organism (fungus) that causes it. Several different [[fungi]], called [[dermatophytes]], can cause tinea pedis. Moreover, a fungi species that causes athlete's foot can also cause, for example, ''jock itch'' ([[tinea cruris]]).</ref> is a [[parasitic]] [[fungus|fungal]] infection of the [[epidermis]] of the foot. It is typically caused by a [[mold]]<ref name=mold> A [[mold]] is a microscopic [[fungi]] that grows in a network of [[hyphae]], as opposed to microscopic fungi that grow as singles cells, which are called [[yeast]]s. </ref> (but in some cases a yeast) that grows on the surface of the skin and then grows into the living skin tissue itself, causing the infection. It usually occurs between the toes, but in severely lasting cases may appear as an extensive "moccasin" pattern on the bottom and sides of the foot. The malady more commonly affects males than females.<ref name=webmd_risks> [http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/Athletes-Foot-What-Increases-Your-Risk] Risk factors for athlete's foot, at [[WebMD]]</ref> Tinea | | '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' |
| pedis is estimated to be the second most common skin disease in the United States, after [[acne]].<ref name="pmid12046779">{{cite journal |author=Weinstein A, Berman B |title=Topical treatment of common superficial tinea infections |journal=American family physician |volume=65 |issue=10 |pages=2095–102 |year=2002 |pmid=12046779 |doi= |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20020515/2095.html}}</ref> Up to 15% of the U.S. population may have tinea pedis.<ref name="pmid12076488">{{cite journal |author=Bell-Syer SE, Hart R, Crawford F, Torgerson DJ, Tyrrell W, Russell I |title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot |journal=Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) |volume= |issue=2 |pages=CD003584 |year=2002 |pmid=12076488 |doi=}}</ref>
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| ==Causes==
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}} {{NS}} |
| The body normally hosts a variety of saprotrophic microorganisms that rapidly cause [[infection]]. Athlete's foot is a [[layman]]'s description of a skin fungal infection. It may be associated with several different fungi, including yeasts. The most common fungi causing tinea pedis are ''[[Trichophyton rubrum]]'' and ''[[Trichophyton mentagrophytes|T. mentagrophytes]]''. Fungal infections of the skin are called [[dermatophytosis]]. [[Dermatophytes]] may be spread from other humans (anthropophilic), animals (zoophilic) or may come from the soil ([[geophilic]]). Anthropophillic dermatophytes are restricted to human hosts and produce a mild, chronic inflammation. Zoophilic organisms are found primarily in animals and cause marked inflammatory reactions in humans who have contact with infected cats, dogs, cattle, horses, birds, or other animals. Geophilic species are usually recovered from the soil but occasionally infect humans and animals. They cause a marked inflammatory reaction, which limits the spread of the infection and may lead to a spontaneous cure but may also leave scars. [[Infection]]s or [[infestation]]s occur when [[dermatophyte]]s grow and multiply in the skin.
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| == Symptoms == | | {{SK}} Tinea pedis |
| [[Image:Intertrigo-1.jpg|thumb|left|Intertrigo between toes]] | | ==[[Athlete's foot overview|Overview]]== |
| Athlete's foot causes scaling, flaking and itching of the affected skin. Blisters and cracked skin may also occur, leading to exposed raw tissue, pain, swelling and inflammation. Secondary bacterial infection can accompany the fungal infection, sometimes requiring a course of oral [[antibiotics]].<ref name="pmid12895184">{{cite journal |author=Gupta AK, Skinner AR, Cooper EA |title=Interdigital tinea pedis (dermatophytosis simplex and complex) and treatment with ciclopirox 0.77% gel |journal=Int. J. Dermatol. |volume=42 |issue=Suppl 1|pages=23–7 |year=2003 |pmid=12895184 |doi=}}</ref><ref name=Gupta1999>{{cite journal |last = Guttman |first = C |authorlink = |coauthors = |title=Secondary bacterial infection often accompanies interdigital tinea pedis |journal =Dermatol Times |volume =4 |issue= |pages =S12 |date =2003 |url= |doi =10.1046/j.1365-4362.42.s1.1.x |id = |accessdate= }}</ref> | |
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| The infection can be spread to other areas of the body, such as the armpits, knees, elbows, and the [[groin]], and usually is called by a different name once it spreads (such as [[tinea corporis]] on the body or limbs and [[tinea cruris]] (jock itch) for an infection of the groin).
| | ==[[Athlete's foot historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| Tinea pedis most often manifests between the toes, with the webspace between the fourth and fifth digits most commonly afflicted .<ref name=" Hasan2004">{{cite journal |author=Al Hasan M, Fitzgerald SM, Saoudian M, Krishnaswamy G |title=Dermatology for the practicing allergist: Tinea pedis and its complications |journal= |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=5 |year=2004 |pmid=15050029 |doi=10.1186/1476-7961-2-5 |url=http://www.clinicalmolecularallergy.com/content/2/1/5}}</ref> <ref name="pmid12537173">{{cite journal |author=Hainer BL |title=Dermatophyte infections |journal=American family physician |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=101–8 |year=2003 |pmid=12537173 |doi=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid10607333">{{cite journal |author=Hirschmann JV, Raugi GJ |title=Pustular tinea pedis |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=42 |issue=1 Pt 1 |pages=132–3 |year=2000 |pmid=10607333 |doi=}}</ref>
| | ==[[Athlete's foot pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==[[Athlete's foot causes|Causes]]== |
| Diagnosis can be performed by a [[general practitioner]] or by a specialist (either a [[dermatologist]] or [[podiatrist]]).
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| Although athlete's foot can usually be diagnosed by visual inspection of the skin, the diagnosis should always include direct [[microscopy]] of a potassium hydroxide preparation (known as a [[KOH test]]) at the start of treatment to rule out other possible causes, such as [[eczema]] or [[psoriasis]].<ref name=Palacio2000>{{cite journal |last=del Palacio |first=Amalia |authorlink= | coauthors=Margarita Garau, Alba Gonzalez-Escalada and Mª Teresa Calvo |title=Trends in the treatment of dermatophytosis | journal=Biology of Dermatophytes and other Keratinophilic Fungi |volume= |issue= |pages=148-158 |date= |url=http://www.dermatophytes.reviberoammicol.com/p148158.pdf |format=PDF |doi= |id= |accessdate=2007-10-10}}</ref> A KOH preparation is performed on skin scrapings from the affected area. The KOH preparation has an excellent positive predictive value, but occasionally [[false negative]] results may be obtained, especially if treatment with an anti-fungal medication has already begun.<ref name="Hasan2004"/>
| | ==[[Athlete's foot differential diagnosis|Differentiating Athlete's Foot from other Diseases]]== |
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| A [[microbiological culture]] of skin scrapings can be used in diagnosis, but the process takes several weeks and can often give [[false negative]] results.
| | ==[[Athlete's foot epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
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| Tinea infections are sometimes misdiagnosed as atopic [[dermatitis]] or allergic [[eczema]],<ref name="Hasan2004"/> underscoring the importance of a KOH preparation or microbiological culture being performed before treatment is initiated.
| | ==[[Athlete's foot risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
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| If the above diagnoses are inconclusive or if a treatment regimen has already been started, a [[biopsy]] of the affected skin (i.e. a sample of the living skin tissue) can be taken and [[histological]] examination of the tissue performed.
| | ==[[Athlete's foot natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| A [[Wood's lamp]], although useful in diagnosing fungal infections of the hair ([[Tinea capitis]]), is not usually helpful in diagnosing tinea pedis since the common dermatophytes that cause this disease do not fluoresce under ultraviolet light <ref name="Hasan2004"/>. However, it can be useful for determining if the disease is due to a non-fungal source.
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| | [[Athlete's foot history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Athlete's foot physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Athlete's foot laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Athlete's foot other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| | ==Treatment== |
| | [[Athlete's foot medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Athlete's foot prevention|Prevention]] |
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| == Transmission == | | ==Case Studies== |
| ===Transmission from person to person===
| | [[Athlete's foot case study one|Case #1]] |
| Athlete's foot is caused by a parasitic fungus and is a [[communicable disease]].<ref name=webmd_causes> [http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/Athletes-Foot-Cause Causes of athlete's foot], at [[WebMD]]</ref> It is typically transmitted in moist environments where people walk barefoot, such as [[shower]]s, [[bath house]]s, and [[locker room]]s. <ref name=mayoclinic>{{cite web |title= Athlete's foot |url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/athletes-foot/DS00317 |publisher=[[Mayo Clinic]] Health Center}}</ref><ref name=webmd_risks/><ref name=webmd_causes/> It can also be transmitted by sharing [[footwear]] with an infected person, or less commonly, by sharing towels with an infected person.
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| ===Transmission to other parts of the body=== | | ==Related Chapters== |
| The various parasitic fungi that cause athlete's foot can also cause skin infections on other areas of the body, most often under [[toenail]]s ([[Onychomycosis]]) or on the groin ([[tinea cruris]]).
| | * [[Antifungal drug]]s |
| | * [[Boric acid]] - as treatment |
| | * [[Ringworm]] |
| | * [[Tinea]] |
| | * [[Dermatophytosis]] |
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| == Prevention ==
| | {{Mycoses}} |
| The practices given in this section not only help prevent spread of the disease, they can also help greatly in managing and curing the disease in an individual by reducing or eliminating re-exposure to the fungus in one's home environment.
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| The fungi that cause Athlete's foot can live on showers floors, wet towels, and footwear. Athlete's foot is caused by a fungus and can spread from person to person from shared contact with showers, towels, etc. Hygiene therefore plays an important role in managing an Athlete's foot infection. Since fungi thrive in moist environments, it is very important to keep feet and footwear as dry as possible.
| | {{Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology}} |
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| ===Prevention measures in the home===
| | [[Category:Disease]] |
| The fungi that cause athlete's foot live on moist surfaces and can be transmitted from an infected person to members of the same household through secondary contact.<ref name=household1>{{cite news |author=Robert Preidt
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| |title=Athlete's Foot, Toe Fungus a Family Affair |url=http://www.healthscout.com/news/68/535172/main.html |format=Reprint at USA Today |publisher=HealthDay News |date=[[September 29]], [[2006]] |accessdate=2007-10-10 |quote="Researchers used advanced molecular biology techniques to test the members of 57 families and concluded that toenail fungus and athlete's foot can infect people living in the same household."}}</ref> By controlling the fungus growth in the household, transmission of the infection can be prevented.
| | [[Category:Infectious skin diseases]] |
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| ====Bathroom hygiene====
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| *Spray tub and bathroom floor with [[disinfectant]] after each use to help prevent reinfection and infection of other household members.
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| ====Frequent laundering====
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| *Wash sheets, towels, socks, underwear, and bed clothes in hot water (at 60 °C / 140 °F) to kill the fungus.
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| *Change towels and bed sheets at least once per week.
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| ====Avoid sharing====
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| *Avoid sharing of towels, shoes and socks between household members.
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| *Use a separate towel for drying infected skin areas.
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| ===Prevention measures in public places===
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| *Wear shower shoes or sandals in locker rooms, public showers, and public baths.
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| *Wash feet, particularly between the toes, with soap and dry thoroughly after bathing or showering.
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| *If you have experienced an infection previously, you may want to treat your feet and shoes with [[over the counter]] anti-fungal sprays after using public facilities.
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| ===Personal prevention measures===
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| *Dry feet well after showering, paying particular attention to the web space between the toes.
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| *Try to limit the amount that your feet sweat by wearing open-toed shoes or well-ventilated shoes, such as light-weight mesh running shoes.
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| *Wear light-weight cotton socks to help reduce sweat.
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| *Use foot powder to help reduce sweat. Some footpowders also include an antifungal ingredient.
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| *Wear open-toed shoes or simply light-weight socks without shoes when at home.
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| *Keep shoes dry by wearing a different pair each day.
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| *Change socks and shoes after exercise.
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| *Replace sole inserts in shoes/sneakers on a frequent basis
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| *Replace old sneakers and exercise shoes.
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| ==Treatments==
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| There are many conventional medications (over-the-counter and prescription) as well as alternative treatments for fungal skin infections, including athlete's foot. Important with any treatment plan is the practice of good hygiene. Several placebo controlled studies report that good foot hygiene alone can cure athlete's foot even without medication in 30-40% of the cases<ref>[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010901/791.html Over-the-Counter Foot Remedies] (American Family Physician)</ref>. However, placebo-controlled trials of allylamines and azoles for athlete’s foot consistently produce much higher percentages of cure than placebo.<ref name="Crawford_2007">{{cite journal |author=Crawford F, Hollis S |title=Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot |journal=[[Cochrane Library|Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]] |year=2007 |date= 18 July |issue=3 |pages=Art. No.: CD001434 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2 |url=http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD001434/frame.html |format=Review}}</ref>
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| ===Conventional treatments===
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| Conventional treatment typically involves daily or twice daily application of a topical medication in conjunction with hygiene measures outlines in the above section on [[Athlete's foot#prevention|prevention]]. Keeping feet dry and practicing good hygiene is crucial to preventing reinfection. Severe or prolonged fungal skin infections may require treatment with oral anti-fungal medication.
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| ====Conventional Topical Medications====
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| {{main|Antifungal drug}}
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| The fungal infection is often treated with topical [[antifungal drug|antifungal]] agents, which can take the form of a spray, powder, cream, or gel. The most common ingredients in [[over-the-counter]] products are [[Miconazole nitrate]] (2% typical concentration in the United States) and [[Tolnaftate]] (1% typ. in the U.S.). [[Terbinafine]], marketed as Lamisil is another over-the-counter drug. There exists a large number of prescription antifungal drugs, from several different drug families. These include [[ketaconazole]], [[itraconazole]], [[naftifine]], [[nystatin]], [[caspofungin]]. Studies show that Allylamines ([[Terbinafine]], [[Amorolfine]], [[Naftifine]], [[Butenafine]]) cure slightly more infections than azoles ([[Miconazole]], [[ketaconazole]], [[Clotrimazole]], [[itraconazole]], [[sertaconazole]], etc.).<ref name="Crawford_2007"/>
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| Topical agents only clear the infection about 30% of the time and provide mycologic cures (absence of organisms) less than 15% of the time.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} The time line for cure may be long, often 45 days or longer. The recommended course of treatment is to ''continue to use the topical treatment for four weeks after the symptoms have subsided to ensure that the fungus has been completely eliminated''. However, because the itching associated with the infection subsides quickly, patients may not complete the courses of therapy prescribed.
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| Anti-itch creams are ''not'' recommended as they will alleviate the symptoms but will exacerbate the fungus; this is due to the fact that anti-itch creams typically enhance the moisture content of the skin and encourage fungal growth. For the same reason, some drug manufacturers are using a gel instead of a cream for application of topical drugs (e.g. [[naftin]] and [[lamisil]]). [[Novartis]], maker of lamisil claims that gel penetrates the skin more quickly than cream.
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| Some topical applications such as [[castellani's Paint]], often used for [[intertrigo]], work well but in small selected areas. [[Carbol fuchsin]] red dye used in this treatment like many other [[staining (biology)|vital stains]] is both [[Fungicide|fungicidal]] and [[Bacteriocide|bacteriocidal]]; however, because of the staining are cosmetically undesirable. For many years [[gentian violet]] was also used for bacterial and fungal infections between fingers or toes.
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| [[Undecylenic acid]] (Castor oil derivative) is known fungicide that can be used for fungal skin infections such as athlete's foot.
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| If the fungal invader is not a dermatophyte but a yeast, other medications such as [[fluconazole]] may be used. Typically fluconazole is used for candidal vaginal infections [[moniliasis]] but has been shown to be of benefit for those with cutaneous yeast infections as well. The most common of these infections occur in the web spaces (intertriginous) of the toes and at the base of the fingernail or toenail. The hall mark of these infections is a cherry red color surrounding the lesion and a yellow thick pus.
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| ====Oral Medications====
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| Oral treatment with [[griseofulvin]] was begun early in the [[1950s]]. Because of the tendency to cause liver problems and to provoke [[aplastic anemia]] the drugs were used cautiously and sparingly. Over time it was found that those problems were due to the size of the crystal in the manufacturing process and microsize and now ultramicrosize crystals are available with few of the original side effects.{{fact|date=29 September 2007}}
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| For severe cases, the current preferred oral agent in the UK,<ref>{{cite web |author=[[National Library for Health]] |title=What is the best treatment for tinea pedis? |url=http://www.clinicalanswers.nhs.uk/index.cfm?question=6098 |date= 06/Sep/07 |publisher=UK [[National Health Service]] |accessdate=2007-09-29}}</ref> is the more effective [[terbinafine]].<ref name="Bell-Syer_2002">{{cite journal |author=Bell-Syer SEM, Hart R, Crawford F, Torgerson DJ, Tyrrell W, Russell I. |title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot. |journal=[[Cochrane Library|Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]] |year=2002 |month=22 April |volume=2 |pages=Art. No.: CD003584. |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584 |url=http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD003584/frame.html |format=Review}}</ref> Other prescription oral antifungals include [[itraconazole]] and [[fluconazole]]<ref name="pmid12895184"/>.
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| ===Alternative treatments===
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| ====Topical oils====
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| Symptomatic relief from itching may be achieved after topical application of [[tea tree oil]] or [[crocodile oil]], probably due to its involvement in the [[histamine]] response,<ref name="pmid12452873">{{cite journal |author=Koh KJ, Pearce AL, Marshman G, Finlay-Jones JJ, Hart PH |title=Tea tree oil reduces histamine-induced skin inflammation |journal=Br. J. Dermatol. |volume=147 |issue=6 |pages=1212–7 |year=2002 |pmid=12452873 |doi=}}</ref> however the efficacy of Tea tree oil in the treatment of athlete's foot (achieving mycological cure) is questionable.<ref name="pmid11563570">{{cite journal |author=Bedinghaus JM, Niedfeldt MW |title=Over-the-counter foot remedies |journal=American family physician |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=791–6 |year=2001 |pmid=11563570 |doi= |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010901/791.html}}</ref><ref name="pmid1303075">{{cite journal |author=Tong MM, Altman PM, Barnetson RS |title=Tea tree oil in the treatment of tinea pedis |journal=Australas. J. Dermatol. |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=145–9 |year=1992 |pmid=1303075 |doi=}}</ref>
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| ====Onion extract====
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| A study of the effect of 3% (v/v) aqueous onion extract was shown to be effective in laboratory conditions against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum.<ref name=onionextract>{{cite web |author=Shams M |title=The effect of onion extract on ultrastructure of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum -- Abstract number: 902_p517 |work=14th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Prague / Czech Republic |date=May 1–4, 2004 |publisher=European Society of clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases |url=http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/eccmid14/abstract.asp?id=14160 |accessdate=2007-09-29}}</ref>
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| ====Household bleach (sodium hypochlorite)====
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| The use of household [[bleach]] as a direct topical application or soak for tinea pedis is not recommended, as it is a well documented irritant (clearly labelled in the United Kingdom as "Harmful" by [[COSHH]]). It is used ''diluted'' as an '''environmental''' decontaminatant to prevent the spread of detmatophytes between animals, and from animals to humans.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Burrows |first=M |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= |month= |title=Treating Ringworm in the cat |journal=The Veternarian |volume= |issue= |pages= |id= |url=http://www.theveterinarian.com.au/clinicalreview/article294.asp |accessdate= 2007-10-10 |quote= }}</ref>
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| ====Rubbing alcohol and hydrogen peroxide====
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| Direct application of [[rubbing alcohol]] and/or [[hydrogen peroxide]] after bathing can aid in killing the fungus at the surface level of the skin and will help prevent a secondary (bacterial) infection from occurring.
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| ====Hair dryer====
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| Since fungi grow in moist conditions, it is very important to dry the feet well after bathing. A [[hair dryer]] can be used to aid the drying process.
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| ==Origin of the term "athlete's foot"==
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| [[W. F. Young]], Inc. claims that the term "athlete's foot" was originated during an advertising campaign for [[Absorbine Jr.]] during the [[1930s]].<ref name=absorbinejr> The [http://www.absorbine.com/absorbinejr/about Story of W. F. Young, Inc. and Absorbine] at the Absorbine website.</ref> However, the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] documents the first known written usage as occurring in 1928 ('''1928''' ''Lit. Digest'' [[22 December]]. 16/1), making the claim doubtful.
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| ==Footnotes==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Tinea]]
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| *[[Tinea cruris]] "Jock Itch"
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| *[[Tinea capitis]] Fungal infection of the scalp
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| *[[Onychomycosis]] Fungal infection of the finger nails and toenails
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| *[[Tinea unguium]] The most common type of fungal infection of the finger nails and toenails
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| *[[Dermatophyte]] The parasitic fungi that cause tinea
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| *[[Ringworm]]
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| *[[Antifungal drug]]s
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| ==External links==
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| ''Links are organized by subsection, and then listed in alphabetical order.''
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| ===General medical information===
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| * [[American Podiatric Medical Association|APMA]] [http://www.apma.org/s_apma/doc.asp?CID=371&DID=9386 Athlete's Foot Article]
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| * [[DermNet NZ]] — [[New Zealand Dermatological Society]] [http://www.dermnetnz.org/fungal/athletes-foot.html Athlete's Foot Article]
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| * [[Doctor Fungus]] [http://www.doctorfungus.org/mycoses/human/other/TineaCorporis_Cruris_Pedis.htm#Pedis Athlete's Foot Article]
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| * [[eMedicine]] [http://www.emedicine.com/derm/byname/eumycetoma-(fungal-mycetoma).htm Eumycetoma (Fungal Mycetoma) Article Excerpt]
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| * [[eMedicine|eMedicine Health]] [http://www.emedicinehealth.com/articles/16005-1.asp Athlete's Foot Article]
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| * [[Harvard Medical School]] [http://www.health.harvard.edu/special_health_reports/Foot_Care_Basics.htm Foot Care Basics]. Available for a small fee.
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| * [[Healthline]] [http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/athletes-foot Athlete's Foot Article]
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| * [[iVillage]] [http://health.ivillage.com/infectious/inffungus/topics/0,,4v99,00.html Fungal Infections Article]
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| * [[Mayo Clinic]] [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/athletes-foot/DS00317 Athlete's Foot Article]
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| * [[MedicineNet]] [http://www.medicinenet.com/athletes_foot/article.htm Athlete's Foot Article]
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| * [[MedlinePlus]] [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/athletesfoot.html Athlete's Foot Article]
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| * [[Merck & Co.|Merck]] [http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec18/ch212/ch212b.html?qt=athlete's%20foot&alt=sh Ringworm and Athlete's Foot Article]
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| * [[MSN]] Health and Fitness [http://health.msn.com/centers/skincare/articlepage.aspx?cp-documentid=100069342 Athlete's Foot Article]
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| * [[Stop Athlete's Foot]] - [http://www.stopathletesfoot.com Athlete's Foot Articles]
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| * [[WebMD]] [http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/Athletes-Foot-Topic-Overview Athlete's Foot Article]
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| ===Photos===
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| * [http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/result.cfm?Diagnosis=179 Photos of Tinea Pedis] at [[DermAtlas]]
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| * [http://www.globalskinatlas.com/index.cfm Global Skin Atlas]. Type "tinea pedis" in search engine.
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| ===Organizations===
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| * [http://www.aad.org/default.htm American Academy of Dermatology]
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| * [http://www.apma.org American Podiatric Medical Association]
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| * [http://www.skincell.org/ Skincell International Forum].''SkinCell International Forum has been established with the intention of bringing together skin disorder sufferers, their friends or family in a relaxed, light-hearted and supportive environment.''
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| * [http://www.feetforlife.org Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists]
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| {{Mycoses}}
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| {{SIB}}
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| [[Category:Infectious skin diseases]]
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| [[Category:Podiatry]]
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| [[Category:Fungal diseases]] | | [[Category:Fungal diseases]] |
| [[Category:Foot diseases]] | | [[Category:Foot diseases]] |
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| [[de:Hautpilz]]
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| [[es:Pie de atleta]]
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| [[fr:Pied d'athlète]]
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| [[id:Kaki atlit]]
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| [[it:Piede d'atleta]]
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| [[nl:Zwemmerseczeem]]
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| [[ja:水虫]]
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| [[pt:Pé de atleta]]
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| [[simple:Athlete's foot]]
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| [[su:Leuncangeun]]
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| [[fi:Jalkasieni]]
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| [[sv:Fotsvamp]]
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| [[th:โรคน้ำกัดเท้า]]
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| [[tr:Atlet ayağı]]
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| [[zh-yue:香港腳]]
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| [[zh:足癣]]
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
