Back pain causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
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|[[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Back pain resident survival guide]]||<br>||<br> | |||
|[[Back pain resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']] | |||
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{| class="infobox" style="float:right;" | |||
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|[[File:Critical_Pathways.gif|88px|link=Back pain critical pathways]]||<br>||<br> | |||
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{{Back pain}} | {{Back pain}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Hilda}} {{ZMalik}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The [[causes]] of [[back]] [[pain]] can be stratified according to [[age]]. Common [[causes]] of [[back]] [[pain]] in [[adults]] under the [[age]] of 50 years include, [[ligament]] [[strain]], [[nerve root]] irritation, [[spinal disc herniation]], [[degenerative disc disease]] and isthmic [[spondylolisthesis]]. Common causes in adults over the age of 50 years include [[Osteoarthritis|osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)]], [[spinal stenosis]], [[trauma]], [[cancer]], [[infection]], [[fractures]], and [[inflammatory]] [[disease]]. Non-[[anatomical]] factors can also lead to [[back]] [[pain]], such as [[Stress (medicine)|stress]], repressed anger, or [[depression (mood)|depression]]. Even if an [[anatomical]] cause for the [[pain]] is present, a coexisting [[depression]] should be treated concurrently. | |||
=== Common Causes === | ==Causes== | ||
===Common Causes=== | |||
Common [[causes]] of [[back]] [[pain]] include:<ref name="pmid17345822">{{cite journal| author=Jandrić S, Antić B| title=[Low back pain and degenerative disc disease]. | journal=Med Pregl | year= 2006 | volume= 59 | issue= 9-10 | pages= 456-61 | pmid=17345822 | doi=10.2298/mpns0610456j | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17345822 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21393649">{{cite journal| author=Nowotny J, Nowotny-Czupryna O, Brzęk A, Kowalczyk A, Czupryna K| title=Body posture and syndromes of back pain. | journal=Ortop Traumatol Rehabil | year= 2011 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 59-71 | pmid=21393649 | doi=10.5604/15093492.933788 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21393649 }} </ref><ref name="pmid30010966">{{cite journal| author=Oliveira DS, Vélia Ferreira Mendonça L, Sofia Monteiro Sampaio R, Manuel Pereira Dias de Castro-Lopes J, Ribeiro de Azevedo LF| title=The Impact of Anxiety and Depression on the Outcomes of Chronic Low Back Pain Multidisciplinary Pain Management-A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study in Pain Clinics with One-Year Follow-up. | journal=Pain Med | year= 2019 | volume= 20 | issue= 4 | pages= 736-746 | pmid=30010966 | doi=10.1093/pm/pny128 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30010966 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22435016">{{cite journal| author=Katonis P, Kampouroglou A, Aggelopoulos A, Kakavelakis K, Lykoudis S, Makrigiannakis A | display-authors=etal| title=Pregnancy-related low back pain. | journal=Hippokratia | year= 2011 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 205-10 | pmid=22435016 | doi= | pmc=3306025 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22435016 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25396073">{{cite journal| author=Idris Z, Ghazali FH, Abdullah JM| title=Fibromyalgia and arachnoiditis presented as an acute spinal disorder. | journal=Surg Neurol Int | year= 2014 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= 151 | pmid=25396073 | doi=10.4103/2152-7806.143364 | pmc=4228496 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25396073 }} </ref> | |||
=== | |||
{{ | |||
*[[Abnormal posturing]] | *[[Abnormal posturing]] | ||
*[[Degenerative disc disease]] | *[[Degenerative disc disease]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Depression]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Discopathy]] | ||
*[[Osteoarthritis]] | *[[Osteoarthritis]] | ||
*[[Pregnancy]] | *[[Pregnancy]] | ||
*[[Premenstrual syndrome]] | *[[Premenstrual syndrome]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Fibromyalgia]] | ||
*[[Sciatica]] | *[[Sciatica]] | ||
*[[Spinal disc herniation]] | *[[Spinal disc herniation]] | ||
*[[Spinal stenosis]] | *[[Spinal stenosis]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Trauma]] | ||
=== | ===Less Common Causes=== | ||
Less common [[causes]] of [[back]] [[pain]] include:<ref name="pmid25396073">{{cite journal| author=Idris Z, Ghazali FH, Abdullah JM| title=Fibromyalgia and arachnoiditis presented as an acute spinal disorder. | journal=Surg Neurol Int | year= 2014 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= 151 | pmid=25396073 | doi=10.4103/2152-7806.143364 | pmc=4228496 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25396073 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21193933">{{cite journal| author=Gardner A, Gardner E, Morley T| title=Cauda equina syndrome: a review of the current clinical and medico-legal position. | journal=Eur Spine J | year= 2011 | volume= 20 | issue= 5 | pages= 690-7 | pmid=21193933 | doi=10.1007/s00586-010-1668-3 | pmc=3082683 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21193933 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9196476">{{cite journal| author=Kiser TS, Mauldin CC, Grant R| title=Acute low back pain secondary to retroperitoneal hemorrhage in an elderly man. | journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil | year= 1997 | volume= 78 | issue= 6 | pages= 664-5 | pmid=9196476 | doi=10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90434-2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9196476 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Arachnoiditis]] | |||
*[[Cauda equina syndrome]] | |||
[[ | |||
*[[Retroperitoneal]] [[Bleeding]]/[[Hematoma]] | |||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | |||
Urgent [[intervention]] is required in the following [[causes]] of [[back]] [[pain]] as they may be [[life-threatening]]:<ref name="pmid24766359">{{cite journal| author=Van Wyngaarden JJ, Ross MD, Hando BR| title=Abdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient with low back pain. | journal=J Orthop Sports Phys Ther | year= 2014 | volume= 44 | issue= 7 | pages= 500-7 | pmid=24766359 | doi=10.2519/jospt.2014.4935 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24766359 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9196476">{{cite journal| author=Kiser TS, Mauldin CC, Grant R| title=Acute low back pain secondary to retroperitoneal hemorrhage in an elderly man. | journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil | year= 1997 | volume= 78 | issue= 6 | pages= 664-5 | pmid=9196476 | doi=10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90434-2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9196476 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24270959">{{cite journal| author=Marcon RM, Cristante AF, Teixeira WJ, Narasaki DK, Oliveira RP, de Barros Filho TE| title=Fractures of the cervical spine. | journal=Clinics (Sao Paulo) | year= 2013 | volume= 68 | issue= 11 | pages= 1455-61 | pmid=24270959 | doi=10.6061/clinics/2013(11)12 | pmc=3812556 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24270959 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25396073">{{cite journal| author=Idris Z, Ghazali FH, Abdullah JM| title=Fibromyalgia and arachnoiditis presented as an acute spinal disorder. | journal=Surg Neurol Int | year= 2014 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= 151 | pmid=25396073 | doi=10.4103/2152-7806.143364 | pmc=4228496 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25396073 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28044125">{{cite journal| author=Bond A, Manian FA| title=Spinal Epidural Abscess: A Review with Special Emphasis on Earlier Diagnosis. | journal=Biomed Res Int | year= 2016 | volume= 2016 | issue= | pages= 1614328 | pmid=28044125 | doi=10.1155/2016/1614328 | pmc=5156786 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28044125 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23636041">{{cite journal| author=Perrin A, Bergman C, Hart L| title=A 30-year-old industrial worker with upper back pain. | journal=Adv Emerg Nurs J | year= 2013 | volume= 35 | issue= 2 | pages= 103-9 | pmid=23636041 | doi=10.1097/TME.0b013e3182948e73 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23636041 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]] | |||
[[ | |||
[[ | |||
[[ | |||
[[ | |||
[[ | |||
[[ | |||
*[[Adrenal hemorrhage]] | |||
[[ | |||
*[[Aortic dissection]] | |||
*[[Arachnoiditis]] | |||
*[[Cauda equina syndrome]] | |||
[[ | |||
*[[Cervical fracture]] | |||
*[[Chronic stable angina]] | |||
[[ | |||
*[[Epidural abscess]] | |||
[[ | |||
*[[Pulmonary embolism]] | |||
[[ | |||
*[[Retroperitoneal hematoma]] | |||
*[[Traumatic aortic rupture]] | |||
[[ | |||
*[[Vertebral fractures]] | |||
*[[Vertebral | |||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | {| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | ||
| | | style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular''' | ||
| | | style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | | ||
[[Abdominal | [[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]], | ||
[[ | [[angina pectoris]], | ||
[[ | [[aortic dissection]], | ||
[[ | [[bacterial endocarditis]], | ||
[[Leriche's | [[Leriche's syndrome]], | ||
[[ | [[myocardial infarction]], | ||
[[ | [[traumatic aortic rupture]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Chemical / poisoning''' | |'''Chemical / poisoning''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Dermatologic''' | |'''Dermatologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pilonidal cyst]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Pilonidal cyst]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | |'''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Abatacept ]], | [[Abatacept]], | ||
[[ | [[acitretin]], | ||
[[ | [[albuterol]], | ||
[[ | [[aldesleukin]], | ||
[[ | [[alprazolam]], | ||
[[ | [[amitriptyline]], | ||
[[ | [[anagrelide]], | ||
[[ | [[angiotensin II receptor antagonist]], | ||
[[ | [[Artemether and lumefantrin]], | ||
[[ | [[Bicalutamide]], | ||
[[ | [[budesonide inhalation powder]], | ||
[[ | [[calcitonin salmon nasal spray]], | ||
[[ | [[candesartan]], | ||
[[ | [[carbamazepine]], | ||
[[ | [[carboplatin]], | ||
[[ | [[caspofungin acetate]], | ||
[[Darbepoetin Alfa Injection ]], | [[cetuximab injection]], | ||
[[ | [[ciclesonide]], | ||
[[ | [[clofarabine injection]], | ||
[[ | [[cyanocobalamin injection]], | ||
[[ | [[Dalfampridine]], | ||
[[ | [[Darbepoetin Alfa Injection|darbepoetin alfa injection]], | ||
[[ | [[daunorubicin]], | ||
[[ | [[desloratadine]], | ||
[[Efalizumab Injection ]], | [[didanosine]], | ||
[[Epoetin Alfa Injection ]], | [[diflunisal]], | ||
[[ | [[dofetilide]], | ||
[[ | [[donepezil]], | ||
[[ | [[drotrecogin alfa]], | ||
[[ | [[Eculizumab]], | ||
[[ | [[Eliglustat]], | ||
[[ | [[Efalizumab Injection|efalizumab injection]], | ||
[[Glatiramer Injection ]], | [[Epoetin Alfa Injection|epoetin alfa injection]], | ||
[[ | [[eszopiclone]], | ||
[[ | [[etodolac]], | ||
[[Infliximab Injection ]], | [[fenoprofen]], | ||
[[ | [[fexofenadine]], | ||
[[ | [[formoterol]], | ||
[[ | [[fulvestrant]], | ||
[[ | [[Glatiramer Injection|glatiramer injection]], | ||
[[ | [[ibandronate]], | ||
[[ | [[Imiglucerase]], | ||
[[ | [[indinavir]], | ||
[[ | [[Infliximab Injection|infliximab injection]], | ||
[[ | [[leflunomide]], | ||
[[ | [[lenalidomide]], | ||
[[ | [[Lorcaserin]], | ||
[[ | [[Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide]], | ||
[[ | [[meclofenamate]], | ||
[[ | [[medroxyprogesterone injection]], | ||
[[ | [[mefenamic acid]], | ||
[[ | [[mesalamine]], | ||
[[ | [[Meropenem]], | ||
[[ | [[Mifepristone]], | ||
[[ | [[modafinil]], | ||
[[ | [[mycophenolate]], | ||
[[ | [[Nabilone]], | ||
[[ | [[nabumetone]], | ||
[[ | [[nateglinide oral]], | ||
[[ | [[Niacin/simvastatin]], | ||
[[ | [[Olaparib]], | ||
[[ | [[olanzapine]], | ||
[[ | [[oxaliplatin injection]], | ||
[[ | [[oxcarbazepine]], | ||
[[ | [[oxybutynin]], | ||
[[ | [[pergolide]], | ||
[[ | [[piroxicam]], | ||
[[ | [[posaconazole]], | ||
[[ | [[praziquantel]], | ||
[[ | [[pregabalin]], | ||
[[ | [[ranibizumab injection]], | ||
[[ | [[repaglinide]], | ||
[[ | [[ribavirin]], | ||
[[ | [[risedronate]], | ||
[[ | [[rituximab injection]], | ||
[[ | [[Ramucirumab]], | ||
[[ | [[Roflumilast]], | ||
[[ | [[rosiglitazone]], | ||
[[ | [[salsalate]], | ||
[[ | [[saquinavir]], | ||
[[ | [[sargramostim injection]], | ||
[[ | [[selegiline]], | ||
[[Vancomycin Hydrochloride ]], | [[sibutramine]], | ||
[[ | [[Sipuleucel-T]], | ||
[[ | [[sirolimus]], | ||
[[ | [[sodium oxybate]], | ||
[[solifenacin]], | |||
[[sulfinpyrazone]], | |||
[[sulindac]], | |||
[[sunitinib]], | |||
[[tacrolimus topical]], | |||
[[tadalafil]], | |||
[[tamsulosin]], | |||
[[tegaserod]], | |||
[[telbivudine]], | |||
[[telmisartan]], | |||
[[temozolomide]], | |||
[[terazosin]], | |||
[[Travoprost]], | |||
[[Valdecoxib]], | |||
[[valganciclovir]], | |||
[[valproic acid]], | |||
[[valsartan]], | |||
[[Vancomycin Hydrochloride|vancomycin hydrochloride]], | |||
[[vardenafil]], | |||
[[zolpidem]], | |||
[[zonisamide]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Ear Nose Throat''' | |'''Ear Nose Throat''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Endocrine''' | |'''Endocrine''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Addisons disease]], | [[Addisons disease]], | ||
[[Cushing's Disease]], | [[Cushing's Disease]], | ||
[[ | [[hyperparathyroidism]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Environmental''' | |'''Environmental''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cadmium poisoning]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Cadmium poisoning]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Gastroenterologic''' | |'''Gastroenterologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Achalasia]], | [[Achalasia]], | ||
[[ | [[cholelithiasis]], | ||
[[ | [[pancreatitis]], | ||
[[ | [[peptic ulcer disease]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Genetic''' | |'''Genetic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Marfan syndrome]], | [[Marfan syndrome]], | ||
[[ | [[spina bifida]], | ||
[[ | [[osteogenesis imperfecta]], | ||
[[ | [[sickle cell disease]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Hematologic''' | |'''Hematologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Iatrogenic''' | |'''Iatrogenic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Infectious Disease''' | |'''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Borreliosis]], | [[Borreliosis]], | ||
[[ | [[cat scratch fever]], | ||
[[ | [[herpes zoster]], | ||
[[Pott's disease]], | [[Pott's disease]], | ||
[[ | [[rift valley fever]], | ||
[[ | [[urinary tract infection]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho''' | |'''Musculoskeletal / Ortho''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Abnormal posturing]], | [[Abnormal posturing]], | ||
[[ankylosing spondylitis]], | |||
[[ | [[cervical fracture]], | ||
[[ | [[coxarthrosis]], | ||
[[ | [[cramp]], | ||
[[ | [[degenerative disc disease]], | ||
[[ | [[disc space infection]], | ||
[[dorsopathy]], | |||
[[ | [[gonarthrosis]], | ||
[[ | [[lumbar disc disease]], | ||
[[ | [[muscle strain]], | ||
[[myelofibrosis]], | |||
[[myositis]], | |||
[[ | [[myotendinosis]], | ||
[[ | [[osteoarthritis]], | ||
[[ | [[osteochondroma]], | ||
[[ | [[osteochondrosis]], | ||
[[ | [[osteogenesis imperfecta]], | ||
[[ | [[sarcoma|osteogenic sarcoma]], | ||
[[ | [[osteomalacia]], | ||
[[ | [[osteomyelitis]], | ||
[[ | [[osteoporosis]], | ||
[[ | [[paget's disease]], | ||
[[ | [[piriformis syndrome]], | ||
[[ | [[poliomyelitis]], | ||
[[ | [[polymyalgia rheumatica]], | ||
[[ | |||
[[ | |||
[[Pott's disease]], | [[Pott's disease]], | ||
[[ | [[psoriatic arthritis]], | ||
[[ | [[spinal disc herniation]], | ||
[[ | [[spinal fusion]], | ||
[[ | [[spinal stenosis]], | ||
[[ | [[spinal tumor]], | ||
[[ | [[spondylolisthesis]], | ||
[[ | [[spondylolysis]], | ||
[[ | [[spondylosis]], | ||
[[ | [[sacroiliitis]], | ||
[[ | [[sciatica]], | ||
[[ | [[scoliosis]], | ||
[[ | [[vertebral fractures]], | ||
[[ | [[vertebral subluxation]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Neurologic''' | |'''Neurologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Arachnoiditis]], | [[Arachnoiditis]], | ||
[[ | [[cauda equina syndrome]], | ||
[[ | [[chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]], | ||
[[ | [[dural ectasia]], | ||
[[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], | [[epidural abscess]], | ||
[[ | [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|posterior rami syndrome]], | ||
[[ | [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]], | ||
[[ | [[syringomyelia]], | ||
[[ | [[tabes dorsalis]], | ||
[[transverse myelitis]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic''' | |'''Nutritional / Metabolic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Osteomalacia]], | [[Osteomalacia]], | ||
[[ | [[osteoporosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | |'''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Cervical cancer]], | [[Cervical cancer]], | ||
[[ | [[childbirth]], | ||
[[ | [[ectopic pregnancy]], | ||
[[ | [[endometriosis]], | ||
[[ | [[menopause]], | ||
[[ | [[ovarian cancer]], | ||
[[ | [[pregnancy]], | ||
[[ | [[salpingitis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Oncologic''' | |'''Oncologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Cervical cancer]], | [[Cervical cancer]], | ||
[[ | [[desmoplastic small round cell tumor]], | ||
[[ | [[hemangioma]], | ||
[[ | [[lung cancer]], | ||
[[ | [[meningioma]], | ||
[[ | [[multiple myeloma]], | ||
[[ | [[osteogenic Sarcoma]], | ||
[[ | [[ovarian cancer]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Opthalmologic''' | |'''Opthalmologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Reiter's Syndrome]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Reiter's Syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Overdose / Toxicity''' | |'''Overdose / Toxicity''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bearberry]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Bearberry]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Psychiatric''' | |'''Psychiatric''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Alexithymia]], | [[Alexithymia]], | ||
[[ | [[conversion syndrome]], | ||
[[ | [[psychosomatic]], | ||
[[ | [[tension myositis syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Pulmonary''' | |'''Pulmonary''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome]], | [[Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome]], | ||
[[ | [[lung cancer]], | ||
[[ | [[pleuritis]], | ||
[[ | [[pneumonia]], | ||
[[ | [[pulmonary embolism]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Renal / Electrolyte''' | |'''Renal / Electrolyte''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Urinary obstruction]], | |||
[[ | [[nephrolithiasis]], | ||
[[ | [[polycystic kidney disease]], | ||
[[ | [[pyelonephritis]], | ||
[[ | [[renal osteodystrophy]], | ||
[[ | [[renal vein thrombosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' | |'''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Ankylosing | [[Ankylosing spondylitis]], | ||
[[ | [[chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]], | ||
[[ | [[rheumatoid Arthritis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Sexual''' | |'''Sexual''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Trauma''' | |'''Trauma''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
Injury | [[Injury]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Urologic''' | |'''Urologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute prostatitis]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Acute prostatitis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Miscellaneous''' | |'''Miscellaneous''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | | bgcolor="Beige" | | ||
[[Fibromyalgia]], | [[Fibromyalgia]], | ||
[[ | [[chronic fatigue syndrome]], | ||
[[dysraphia]], | |||
[[ | [[facet Syndrome]], | ||
[[ | [[mediastinitis]], | ||
[[ | [[retroperitoneal fibrosis]], | ||
[[ | [[retroperitoneal hematoma]], | ||
[[Scheuermann's | [[Scheuermann's disease]] | ||
|} | |||
|} | |||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | |||
{{MultiCol}} | {{MultiCol}} | ||
*[[Abatacept ]] | *[[Abatacept ]] | ||
*[[Abdominal | *[[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]] | ||
*[[Abnormal posturing]] | *[[Abnormal posturing]] | ||
*[[Achalasia]] | *[[Achalasia]] | ||
*[[Acitretin ]] | *[[Acitretin ]] | ||
| Line 1,224: | Line 443: | ||
*[[Angiotensin II receptor antagonist]] | *[[Angiotensin II receptor antagonist]] | ||
*[[Ankylosing Spondylitis]] | *[[Ankylosing Spondylitis]] | ||
*[[Aortic Dissection]] | *[[Aortic Dissection]] | ||
*[[Arachnoiditis]] | *[[Arachnoiditis]] | ||
*[[Artemether and lumefantrin]] | |||
*[[Bearberry]] | *[[Bearberry]] | ||
*[[Bechterew's Disease]] | *[[Bechterew's Disease]] | ||
*Bone | *[[Bone metastasis]] | ||
*[[Borreliosis]] | *[[Borreliosis]] | ||
*[[Bortezomib ]] | *[[Bortezomib ]] | ||
*[[Breast cancer]] | *[[Breast cancer]] | ||
*[[Bright's disease]] | *[[Bright's disease]] | ||
*[[Budesonide Inhalation Powder ]] | *[[Budesonide Inhalation Powder|Budesonide inhalation powder ]] | ||
*[[Buprenorphine]] | |||
*[[Cadmium poisoning]] | *[[Cadmium poisoning]] | ||
*[[Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray ]] | *[[Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray|Calcitonin salmon nasal spray ]] | ||
*[[Candesartan ]] | *[[Candesartan ]] | ||
*[[Carbamazepine ]] | *[[Carbamazepine ]] | ||
| Line 1,244: | Line 464: | ||
*[[Cervical cancer]] | *[[Cervical cancer]] | ||
*[[Cervical fracture]] | *[[Cervical fracture]] | ||
*[[Cetuximab Injection ]] | *[[Cetuximab Injection|Cetuximab injection]] | ||
*[[Childbirth]] | *[[Childbirth]] | ||
*[[Cholelithiasis]] | *[[Cholelithiasis]] | ||
| Line 1,251: | Line 471: | ||
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] | *[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] | ||
*[[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]] | *[[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]] | ||
*[[Clofarabine Injection|Clofarabine injection ]] | |||
*[[Clofarabine Injection ]] | *[[Cobb syndrome]] | ||
*Cobb syndrome | |||
*[[Coccydynia]] | *[[Coccydynia]] | ||
*[[Colorectal cancer]] | *[[Colorectal cancer]] | ||
| Line 1,259: | Line 478: | ||
*[[Coxarthrosis]] | *[[Coxarthrosis]] | ||
*[[Cramp]] | *[[Cramp]] | ||
*[[Cushing's | *[[Cushing's disease]] | ||
*[[Cyanocobalamin Injection ]] | *[[Cyanocobalamin Injection|Cyanocobalamin injection ]] | ||
*[[Darbepoetin Alfa Injection ]] | *[[Darbepoetin Alfa Injection|Darbepoetin alfa injection]] | ||
*[[Daunorubicin ]] | *[[Daunorubicin ]] | ||
*[[Degenerative disc disease]] | *[[Degenerative disc disease]] | ||
| Line 1,276: | Line 495: | ||
*[[Drotrecogin alfa]] | *[[Drotrecogin alfa]] | ||
*[[Dural ectasia]] | *[[Dural ectasia]] | ||
*Dysraphia | * Dysraphia | ||
*[[Ectopic pregnancy]] | *[[Ectopic pregnancy]] | ||
*[[Eculizumab]] | |||
*[[Efalizumab Injection ]] | *[[Efalizumab Injection ]] | ||
*[[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]] | *[[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]] | ||
*[[Emtricitabine]] | |||
*[[Endometriosis]] | *[[Endometriosis]] | ||
*[[Epidural abscess]] | *[[Epidural abscess]] | ||
| Line 1,286: | Line 507: | ||
*[[Eszopiclone ]] | *[[Eszopiclone ]] | ||
*[[Etodolac ]] | *[[Etodolac ]] | ||
*[[Facet | *[[Facet syndrome]] | ||
*[[Fenoprofen ]] | *[[Fenoprofen ]] | ||
*[[Fexofenadine ]] | *[[Fexofenadine ]] | ||
*[[Fibromyalgia]] | *[[Fibromyalgia]] | ||
*[[Formoterol ]] | *[[Formoterol ]] | ||
*[[Fulvestrant Injection ]] | *[[Fulvestrant Injection|Fulvestrant injection]] | ||
*[[Gemeprost]] | *[[Gemeprost]] | ||
*[[Glatiramer Injection ]] | *[[Glatiramer Injection|Glatiramer injection]] | ||
*[[Gonarthrosis]] | *[[Gonarthrosis]] | ||
*[[Hantavirus | *[[Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome]] | ||
*[[Hemangioma]] | *[[Hemangioma]] | ||
*[[Herpes Zoster]] | *[[Herpes Zoster]] | ||
*[[Hyperparathyroidism | *[[Hyperparathyroidism]] | ||
*[[Ibandronate ]] | *[[Ibandronate ]] | ||
*[[Idiopathic]] | *[[Idiopathic]] | ||
*[[Indinavir ]] | *[[Indinavir ]] | ||
*[[Infliximab Injection ]] | *[[Infliximab Injection|Infliximab injection]] | ||
*Injury | *[[Injury]] | ||
*[[Janumet]] ([[sitagliptin]] and [[metformin]]) | |||
*Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine | *Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine | ||
*[[Leflunomide ]] | *[[Leflunomide ]] | ||
*[[Leg length discrepancy]] | *[[Leg length discrepancy]] | ||
*[[Leriche's | *[[Leriche's syndrome]] | ||
*[[Listeria monocytogenes]] | *[[Listeria monocytogenes]] | ||
*[[Lumbago | *[[Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide]] | ||
*[[Lumbago syndrome]] | |||
*[[Lumbar disc disease]] | *[[Lumbar disc disease]] | ||
*Lumbar strain | *Lumbar strain | ||
*[[Lung cancer]] | *[[Lung cancer]] | ||
*[[Marfan syndrome]] | *[[Marfan syndrome]] | ||
*[[Meclofenamate ]] | *[[Meclofenamate ]] | ||
*[[Mediastinitis]] | *[[Mediastinitis]] | ||
*[[Medroxyprogesterone Injection ]] | *[[Medroxyprogesterone Injection|Medroxyprogesterone injection]] | ||
*[[Mefenamic | *[[Mefenamic acid ]] | ||
*[[Meningioma]] | *[[Meningioma]] | ||
*[[Menopause]] | *[[Menopause]] | ||
*[[Mesalamine ]] | *[[Mesalamine ]] | ||
*[[Metastases]] | *[[Metastases]] | ||
*[[Mifepristone]] | |||
*[[Modafinil ]] | *[[Modafinil ]] | ||
*[[Multiple | *[[Multiple myeloma]] | ||
*[[Mycophenolate ]] | *[[Mycophenolate ]] | ||
*[[Myelofibrosis]] | *[[Myelofibrosis]] | ||
| Line 1,330: | Line 553: | ||
*[[Myositis]] | *[[Myositis]] | ||
*[[Myotendinosis]] | *[[Myotendinosis]] | ||
*[[Nabilone]] | |||
*[[Nabumetone ]] | *[[Nabumetone ]] | ||
*[[Nateglinide oral ]] | *[[Nateglinide oral ]] | ||
| Line 1,338: | Line 562: | ||
*[[Osteochondrosis]] | *[[Osteochondrosis]] | ||
*[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]] | *[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]] | ||
*[[Osteogenic | *[[Sarcoma|Osteogenic sarcoma]] | ||
*[[Osteomalacia]] | *[[Osteomalacia]] | ||
*[[Osteomyelitis]] | *[[Osteomyelitis]] | ||
| Line 1,346: | Line 570: | ||
*[[Oxcarbazepine ]] | *[[Oxcarbazepine ]] | ||
*[[Oxybutynin ]] | *[[Oxybutynin ]] | ||
*[[Paget's | *[[Paget's disease]] | ||
*[[Pancreatic cancer]] | *[[Pancreatic cancer]] | ||
*[[Pancreatitis]] | *[[Pancreatitis]] | ||
| Line 1,359: | Line 583: | ||
*[[Poliomyelitis]] | *[[Poliomyelitis]] | ||
*[[Polycystic kidney disease]] | *[[Polycystic kidney disease]] | ||
*[[Polymyalgia | *[[Polymyalgia rheumatica]] | ||
*[[Posaconazole ]] | *[[Posaconazole ]] | ||
*[[Posterior Rami Syndrome]] | *[[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]] | ||
*Postlaminectomy | *[[Laminectomy|Postlaminectomy]] | ||
*Posttraumatic spinal stenosis | *[[Spinal stenosis|Posttraumatic spinal stenosis]] | ||
{{ColBreak}} | {{ColBreak}} | ||
*[[Pott's disease]] | *[[Pott's disease]] | ||
| Line 1,373: | Line 597: | ||
*[[Prostate cancer]] | *[[Prostate cancer]] | ||
*[[Prostatitis]] | *[[Prostatitis]] | ||
*[[Psoriatic | *[[Psoriatic arthritis]] | ||
*[[Psychosomatic]] | *[[Psychosomatic]] | ||
*[[Pulmonary embolism]] | *[[Pulmonary embolism]] | ||
*[[Pyelonephritis]] | *[[Pyelonephritis]] | ||
*[[Ramucirumab]] | |||
*[[Ranibizumab injection ]] | *[[Ranibizumab injection ]] | ||
*[[Reiter's Syndrome]] | *[[Reiter's Syndrome]] | ||
| Line 1,384: | Line 609: | ||
*[[Retroperitoneal fibrosis]] | *[[Retroperitoneal fibrosis]] | ||
*[[Retroperitoneal hematoma]] | *[[Retroperitoneal hematoma]] | ||
*[[Rheumatoid | *[[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | ||
*[[Ribavirin ]] | *[[Ribavirin ]] | ||
*[[Rift Valley fever]] | *[[Rift Valley fever]] | ||
| Line 1,395: | Line 620: | ||
*[[Saquinavir ]] | *[[Saquinavir ]] | ||
*[[Sargramostim injection ]] | *[[Sargramostim injection ]] | ||
*[[Scheuermann's | *[[Scheuermann's disease]] | ||
*[[Sciatica]] | *[[Sciatica]] | ||
*[[Scoliosis]] | *[[Scoliosis]] | ||
*[[Selegiline ]] | *[[Selegiline ]] | ||
*[[Sibutramine ]] | *[[Sibutramine ]] | ||
*[[Sickle | *[[Sickle cell disease]] | ||
*[[Sipuleucel-T]] | |||
*[[Sirolimus ]] | *[[Sirolimus ]] | ||
*[[Sodium oxybate ]] | *[[Sodium oxybate ]] | ||
| Line 1,426: | Line 652: | ||
*[[Telmisartan ]] | *[[Telmisartan ]] | ||
*[[Temozolomide ]] | *[[Temozolomide ]] | ||
*[[Tenofovir]] disoproxil fumarate | |||
*[[Tension myositis syndrome]] | *[[Tension myositis syndrome]] | ||
*[[Terazosin ]] | *[[Terazosin ]] | ||
| Line 1,432: | Line 659: | ||
*[[Traumatic aortic rupture]] | *[[Traumatic aortic rupture]] | ||
*[[Triamterene]] | *[[Triamterene]] | ||
*[[urinary obstruction]] | |||
*[[Urinary tract infection]] | *[[Urinary tract infection]] | ||
*[[Valganciclovir ]] | *[[Valganciclovir ]] | ||
*[[Valproic | *[[Valproic acid ]] | ||
*[[Valsartan ]] | *[[Valsartan ]] | ||
*[[Vancomycin | *[[Vancomycin hydrochloride ]] | ||
*[[Vardenafil]] | *[[Vardenafil]] | ||
*[[Vertebral | *[[Vertebral fracture]]s | ||
*[[Vertebral subluxation]] | *[[Vertebral subluxation]] | ||
*[[Zolpidem ]] | *[[Zolpidem ]] | ||
*[[Zonisamide ]] | *[[Zonisamide ]] | ||
{{EndMultiCol}} | {{EndMultiCol}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | |||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | |||
[[Category:Pain]] | |||
[[Category:Orthopedics]] | |||
[[Category:Rheumatology]] | |||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Neurosurgery]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
Latest revision as of 01:12, 7 April 2021
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Resident Survival Guide |
| File:Critical Pathways.gif |
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Back pain Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Lecture |
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Case Studies |
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Back pain causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Back pain causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hilda Mahmoudi M.D., M.P.H.[2] Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[3]
Overview
The causes of back pain can be stratified according to age. Common causes of back pain in adults under the age of 50 years include, ligament strain, nerve root irritation, spinal disc herniation, degenerative disc disease and isthmic spondylolisthesis. Common causes in adults over the age of 50 years include osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), spinal stenosis, trauma, cancer, infection, fractures, and inflammatory disease. Non-anatomical factors can also lead to back pain, such as stress, repressed anger, or depression. Even if an anatomical cause for the pain is present, a coexisting depression should be treated concurrently.
Causes
Common Causes
Common causes of back pain include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Abnormal posturing
- Degenerative disc disease
- Depression
- Discopathy
- Osteoarthritis
- Pregnancy
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Fibromyalgia
- Sciatica
- Spinal disc herniation
- Spinal stenosis
- Trauma
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of back pain include:[5][6][7]
Life Threatening Causes
Urgent intervention is required in the following causes of back pain as they may be life-threatening:[8][7][9][5][10][11]
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Jandrić S, Antić B (2006). "[Low back pain and degenerative disc disease]". Med Pregl. 59 (9–10): 456–61. doi:10.2298/mpns0610456j. PMID 17345822.
- ↑ Nowotny J, Nowotny-Czupryna O, Brzęk A, Kowalczyk A, Czupryna K (2011). "Body posture and syndromes of back pain". Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. 13 (1): 59–71. doi:10.5604/15093492.933788. PMID 21393649.
- ↑ Oliveira DS, Vélia Ferreira Mendonça L, Sofia Monteiro Sampaio R, Manuel Pereira Dias de Castro-Lopes J, Ribeiro de Azevedo LF (2019). "The Impact of Anxiety and Depression on the Outcomes of Chronic Low Back Pain Multidisciplinary Pain Management-A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study in Pain Clinics with One-Year Follow-up". Pain Med. 20 (4): 736–746. doi:10.1093/pm/pny128. PMID 30010966.
- ↑ Katonis P, Kampouroglou A, Aggelopoulos A, Kakavelakis K, Lykoudis S, Makrigiannakis A; et al. (2011). "Pregnancy-related low back pain". Hippokratia. 15 (3): 205–10. PMC 3306025. PMID 22435016.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Idris Z, Ghazali FH, Abdullah JM (2014). "Fibromyalgia and arachnoiditis presented as an acute spinal disorder". Surg Neurol Int. 5: 151. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.143364. PMC 4228496. PMID 25396073.
- ↑ Gardner A, Gardner E, Morley T (2011). "Cauda equina syndrome: a review of the current clinical and medico-legal position". Eur Spine J. 20 (5): 690–7. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1668-3. PMC 3082683. PMID 21193933.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kiser TS, Mauldin CC, Grant R (1997). "Acute low back pain secondary to retroperitoneal hemorrhage in an elderly man". Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 78 (6): 664–5. doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90434-2. PMID 9196476.
- ↑ Van Wyngaarden JJ, Ross MD, Hando BR (2014). "Abdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient with low back pain". J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 44 (7): 500–7. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4935. PMID 24766359.
- ↑ Marcon RM, Cristante AF, Teixeira WJ, Narasaki DK, Oliveira RP, de Barros Filho TE (2013). "Fractures of the cervical spine". Clinics (Sao Paulo). 68 (11): 1455–61. doi:10.6061/clinics/2013(11)12. PMC 3812556. PMID 24270959.
- ↑ Bond A, Manian FA (2016). "Spinal Epidural Abscess: A Review with Special Emphasis on Earlier Diagnosis". Biomed Res Int. 2016: 1614328. doi:10.1155/2016/1614328. PMC 5156786. PMID 28044125.
- ↑ Perrin A, Bergman C, Hart L (2013). "A 30-year-old industrial worker with upper back pain". Adv Emerg Nurs J. 35 (2): 103–9. doi:10.1097/TME.0b013e3182948e73. PMID 23636041.