Ureaplasma urealyticum natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The [[Urogenital tract|genital tract]] of adult men and women serve as the main reservoirs for Ureaplasma species.<ref name="pmid15076934">{{cite journal| author=Deguchi T, Yoshida T, Miyazawa T, Yasuda M, Tamaki M, Ishiko H et al.| title=Association of Ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) with nongonococcal urethritis. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 31 | issue= 3 | pages= 192-5 | pmid=15076934 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15076934  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26518581">{{cite journal| author=Resch B, Gutmann C, Reiterer F, Luxner J, Urlesberger B| title=Neonatal Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization increases pulmonary and cerebral morbidity despite treatment with macrolide antibiotics. | journal=Infection | year= 2016 | volume= 44 | issue= 3 | pages= 323-7 | pmid=26518581 | doi=10.1007/s15010-015-0858-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26518581  }} </ref> Pregnancy complications such as [[chorioamnionitis]], [[preterm labor]], and miscarriages have been associated with Ureaplasma.<ref name="pmid18577163">{{cite journal| author=Harada K, Tanaka H, Komori S, Tsuji Y, Nagata K, Tsutsui H et al.| title=Vaginal infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum accounts for preterm delivery via induction of inflammatory responses. | journal=Microbiol Immunol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 6 | pages= 297-304 | pmid=18577163 | doi=10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00039.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18577163  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16817073">{{cite journal| author=Vogel I, Thorsen P, Hogan VK, Schieve LA, Jacobsson B, Ferre CD| title=The joint effect of vaginal Ureaplasma urealyticum and bacterial vaginosis on adverse pregnancy outcomes. | journal=Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | year= 2006 | volume= 85 | issue= 7 | pages= 778-85 | pmid=16817073 | doi=10.1080/00016340500442423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16817073  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27756710" /><ref name="pmid7801884">{{cite journal| author=Joste NE, Kundsin RB, Genest DR| title=Histology and Ureaplasma urealyticum culture in 63 cases of first trimester abortion. | journal=Am J Clin Pathol | year= 1994 | volume= 102 | issue= 6 | pages= 729-32 | pmid=7801884 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7801884  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27172838">{{cite journal| author=Koucký M, Malíčková K, Cindrová-Davies T, Smíšek J, Vráblíková H, Černý A et al.| title=Prolonged progesterone administration is associated with less frequent cervicovaginal colonization by Ureaplasma urealyticum during pregnancy - Results of a pilot study. | journal=J Reprod Immunol | year= 2016 | volume= 116 | issue=  | pages= 35-41 | pmid=27172838 | doi=10.1016/j.jri.2016.04.285 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27172838  }} </ref> Neonatal complications associated with Ureaplasma include [[prematurity]], [[pneumonia]], [[pneumonitis]], [[bronchopulmonary dysplasia]], [[Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome|respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn]] and [[sepsis]]. [[Urogenital tract]] infections such as [[nongonococcal urethritis]] in men have also been associated with ''Ureaplasma urealyticum''.<ref name="pmid27000449">{{cite journal| author=Esen B, Gozalan A, Sevindi DF, Demirbas A, Onde U, Erkayran U et al.| title=Ureaplasma urealyticum: Presence among Sexually Transmitted Diseases. | journal=Jpn J Infect Dis | year= 2017 | volume= 70 | issue= 1 | pages= 75-79 | pmid=27000449 | doi=10.7883/yoken.JJID.2015.258 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27000449  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18436601">{{cite journal| author=García-de-la-Fuente C, Miñambres E, Ugalde E, Sáez A, Martinez-Martinez L, Fariñas MC| title=Post-operative mediastinitis, pleuritis and pericarditis due to Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum with a fatal outcome. | journal=J Med Microbiol | year= 2008 | volume= 57 | issue= Pt 5 | pages= 656-7 | pmid=18436601 | doi=10.1099/jmm.0.47632-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18436601  }} </ref>
The [[Urogenital tract|genital tract]] of adult men and women serve as the main reservoirs for Ureaplasma species.<ref name="pmid15076934">{{cite journal| author=Deguchi T, Yoshida T, Miyazawa T, Yasuda M, Tamaki M, Ishiko H et al.| title=Association of Ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) with nongonococcal urethritis. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 31 | issue= 3 | pages= 192-5 | pmid=15076934 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15076934  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26518581">{{cite journal| author=Resch B, Gutmann C, Reiterer F, Luxner J, Urlesberger B| title=Neonatal Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization increases pulmonary and cerebral morbidity despite treatment with macrolide antibiotics. | journal=Infection | year= 2016 | volume= 44 | issue= 3 | pages= 323-7 | pmid=26518581 | doi=10.1007/s15010-015-0858-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26518581  }} </ref> Pregnancy complications such as [[chorioamnionitis]], [[preterm labor]], and miscarriages have been associated with Ureaplasma.<ref name="pmid18577163">{{cite journal| author=Harada K, Tanaka H, Komori S, Tsuji Y, Nagata K, Tsutsui H et al.| title=Vaginal infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum accounts for preterm delivery via induction of inflammatory responses. | journal=Microbiol Immunol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 6 | pages= 297-304 | pmid=18577163 | doi=10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00039.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18577163  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16817073">{{cite journal| author=Vogel I, Thorsen P, Hogan VK, Schieve LA, Jacobsson B, Ferre CD| title=The joint effect of vaginal Ureaplasma urealyticum and bacterial vaginosis on adverse pregnancy outcomes. | journal=Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | year= 2006 | volume= 85 | issue= 7 | pages= 778-85 | pmid=16817073 | doi=10.1080/00016340500442423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16817073  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27756710">{{cite journal| author=Kikhney J, von Schöning D, Steding I, Schulze J, Petrich A, Hiergeist A et al.| title=Is Ureaplasma spp. the leading causative agent of acute chorioamnionitis in women with preterm birth? | journal=Clin Microbiol Infect | year= 2017 | volume= 23 | issue= 2 | pages= 119.e1-119.e7 | pmid=27756710 | doi=10.1016/j.cmi.2016.10.010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27756710  }} </ref><ref name="pmid7801884">{{cite journal| author=Joste NE, Kundsin RB, Genest DR| title=Histology and Ureaplasma urealyticum culture in 63 cases of first trimester abortion. | journal=Am J Clin Pathol | year= 1994 | volume= 102 | issue= 6 | pages= 729-32 | pmid=7801884 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7801884  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27172838">{{cite journal| author=Koucký M, Malíčková K, Cindrová-Davies T, Smíšek J, Vráblíková H, Černý A et al.| title=Prolonged progesterone administration is associated with less frequent cervicovaginal colonization by Ureaplasma urealyticum during pregnancy - Results of a pilot study. | journal=J Reprod Immunol | year= 2016 | volume= 116 | issue=  | pages= 35-41 | pmid=27172838 | doi=10.1016/j.jri.2016.04.285 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27172838  }} </ref> Neonatal complications associated with Ureaplasma include [[prematurity]], [[pneumonia]], [[pneumonitis]], [[bronchopulmonary dysplasia]], [[Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome|respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn]] and [[sepsis]]. [[Urogenital tract]] infections such as [[nongonococcal urethritis]] in men have also been associated with ''Ureaplasma urealyticum''.<ref name="pmid27000449">{{cite journal| author=Esen B, Gozalan A, Sevindi DF, Demirbas A, Onde U, Erkayran U et al.| title=Ureaplasma urealyticum: Presence among Sexually Transmitted Diseases. | journal=Jpn J Infect Dis | year= 2017 | volume= 70 | issue= 1 | pages= 75-79 | pmid=27000449 | doi=10.7883/yoken.JJID.2015.258 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27000449  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18436601">{{cite journal| author=García-de-la-Fuente C, Miñambres E, Ugalde E, Sáez A, Martinez-Martinez L, Fariñas MC| title=Post-operative mediastinitis, pleuritis and pericarditis due to Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum with a fatal outcome. | journal=J Med Microbiol | year= 2008 | volume= 57 | issue= Pt 5 | pages= 656-7 | pmid=18436601 | doi=10.1099/jmm.0.47632-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18436601  }} </ref>


==Natural history, Complications and Prognosis==
==Natural history, Complications and Prognosis==

Revision as of 20:15, 21 April 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

The genital tract of adult men and women serve as the main reservoirs for Ureaplasma species.[1][2] Pregnancy complications such as chorioamnionitis, preterm labor, and miscarriages have been associated with Ureaplasma.[3][4][5][6][7] Neonatal complications associated with Ureaplasma include prematurity, pneumonia, pneumonitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn and sepsis. Urogenital tract infections such as nongonococcal urethritis in men have also been associated with Ureaplasma urealyticum.[8][9]

Natural history, Complications and Prognosis

Natural History

The genital tract of adult men and women serve as the main reservoirs for Ureaplasma species.[1][2] Colonization by Ureaplasma species has been documented in sick as well as healthy infants.[10]

Complications

Infection with Ureaplasma species has been associated with the following complications:

Pregnancy complications[3][4][5][6][7]

Fetal/neonatal complications[10][11][2][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]

Common

Uncommon

Complications in adult men and women[1][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][8][9]

Prognosis

Polymicrobial infection of the amniotic fluid with Ureaplasma species and other bacteria is associated with poor perinatal prognosis in preterm labor.[28] Despite macrolide antibiotic treatment, there is a significant association between U. urealyticum infection and pulmonary morbidity and mild cerebral impairment in preterm infants.[2]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Deguchi T, Yoshida T, Miyazawa T, Yasuda M, Tamaki M, Ishiko H; et al. (2004). "Association of Ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) with nongonococcal urethritis". Sex Transm Dis. 31 (3): 192–5. PMID 15076934.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Resch B, Gutmann C, Reiterer F, Luxner J, Urlesberger B (2016). "Neonatal Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization increases pulmonary and cerebral morbidity despite treatment with macrolide antibiotics". Infection. 44 (3): 323–7. doi:10.1007/s15010-015-0858-7. PMID 26518581.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Harada K, Tanaka H, Komori S, Tsuji Y, Nagata K, Tsutsui H; et al. (2008). "Vaginal infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum accounts for preterm delivery via induction of inflammatory responses". Microbiol Immunol. 52 (6): 297–304. doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00039.x. PMID 18577163.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Vogel I, Thorsen P, Hogan VK, Schieve LA, Jacobsson B, Ferre CD (2006). "The joint effect of vaginal Ureaplasma urealyticum and bacterial vaginosis on adverse pregnancy outcomes". Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 85 (7): 778–85. doi:10.1080/00016340500442423. PMID 16817073.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kikhney J, von Schöning D, Steding I, Schulze J, Petrich A, Hiergeist A; et al. (2017). "Is Ureaplasma spp. the leading causative agent of acute chorioamnionitis in women with preterm birth?". Clin Microbiol Infect. 23 (2): 119.e1–119.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2016.10.010. PMID 27756710.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Joste NE, Kundsin RB, Genest DR (1994). "Histology and Ureaplasma urealyticum culture in 63 cases of first trimester abortion". Am J Clin Pathol. 102 (6): 729–32. PMID 7801884.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Koucký M, Malíčková K, Cindrová-Davies T, Smíšek J, Vráblíková H, Černý A; et al. (2016). "Prolonged progesterone administration is associated with less frequent cervicovaginal colonization by Ureaplasma urealyticum during pregnancy - Results of a pilot study". J Reprod Immunol. 116: 35–41. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2016.04.285. PMID 27172838.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Esen B, Gozalan A, Sevindi DF, Demirbas A, Onde U, Erkayran U; et al. (2017). "Ureaplasma urealyticum: Presence among Sexually Transmitted Diseases". Jpn J Infect Dis. 70 (1): 75–79. doi:10.7883/yoken.JJID.2015.258. PMID 27000449.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 García-de-la-Fuente C, Miñambres E, Ugalde E, Sáez A, Martinez-Martinez L, Fariñas MC (2008). "Post-operative mediastinitis, pleuritis and pericarditis due to Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum with a fatal outcome". J Med Microbiol. 57 (Pt 5): 656–7. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.47632-0. PMID 18436601.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1
  11. ↑
  12. ↑
  13. ↑
  14. ↑
  15. ↑
  16. ↑
  17. ↑ Abele-Horn M, Peters J, Genzel-Boroviczény O, Wolff C, Zimmermann A, Gottschling W (1997). "Vaginal Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization: influence on pregnancy outcome and neonatal morbidity". Infection. 25 (5): 286–91. PMID 9334863.
  18. ↑ Schelonka RL, Katz B, Waites KB, Benjamin DK (2005). "Critical appraisal of the role of Ureaplasma in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia with metaanalytic techniques". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 24 (12): 1033–9. PMID 16371861.
  19. ↑ Wang EE, Ohlsson A, Kellner JD (1995). "Association of Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization with chronic lung disease of prematurity: results of a metaanalysis". J Pediatr. 127 (4): 640–4. PMID 7562292.
  20. ↑
  21. ↑
  22. ↑
  23. ↑
  24. ↑
  25. ↑
  26. ↑ Farrell JJ, Larson JA, Akeson JW, Lowery KS, Rounds MA, Sampath R; et al. (2014). "Ureaplasma parvum prosthetic joint infection detected by PCR". J Clin Microbiol. 52 (6): 2248–50. doi:10.1128/JCM.00432-14. PMC 4042745. PMID 24671783.
  27. ↑ Abdelfattah MM, Khattab RA, Mahran MH, Elborgy ES (2016). "Evaluation of patients with dry eye disease for conjunctival Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum". Int J Ophthalmol. 9 (10): 1457–1465. doi:10.18240/ijo.2016.10.15. PMC 5075662. PMID 27803864.
  28. ↑ Yoneda N, Yoneda S, Niimi H, Ueno T, Hayashi S, Ito M; et al. (2016). "Polymicrobial Amniotic Fluid Infection with Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma and Other Bacteria Induces Severe Intra-Amniotic Inflammation Associated with Poor Perinatal Prognosis in Preterm Labor". Am J Reprod Immunol. 75 (2): 112–25. doi:10.1111/aji.12456. PMID 26668114.

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