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{{Trichomoniasis}}
{{Trichomoniasis}}


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==Overview==
==Overview==
Trichomoniasis is the most common curable [[STD]] in young, sexually active women. An estimated 7.4 million new cases occur each year in women and men. Trichomoniasis is a common disease that mostly occurs among women ages 20-45 years.<ref name="pmid9564565">{{cite journal| author=Petrin D, Delgaty K, Bhatt R, Garber G| title=Clinical and microbiological aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 1998 | volume= 11 | issue= 2 | pages= 300-17 | pmid=9564565 | doi= | pmc=PMC106834 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9564565  }} </ref> Females are more commonly affected with trichomoniasis than males.<ref name=ccc> Trichomoniasis Statistics. CDC.http://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/stats.htm Accessed on January 26, 2016</ref> Trichomoniasis usually affects African American individuals. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop trichomoniasis. In the United States, the highest prevalence of trichomonas infection in US women is seen among African-Americans with rates ranging from 13–51%.<ref name="pmid26242185">{{cite journal| author=Kissinger P| title=Trichomonas vaginalis: a review of epidemiologic, clinical and treatment issues. | journal=BMC Infect Dis | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue=  | pages= 307 | pmid=26242185 | doi=10.1186/s12879-015-1055-0 | pmc=PMC4525749 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26242185  }} </ref>
Trichomoniasis is the most common curable [[STD]] in young, sexually active women. An estimated 7.4 million new cases occur each year in the United States. In 2008, the incidence of trichomoniasis was estimated to be 358 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name=cde> Incidence, Prevalence, and Cost of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States. CDC.http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/sti-estimates-fact-sheet-feb-2013.pdf Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref> Females are more commonly affected with trichomoniasis than males.<ref name=ccc> Trichomoniasis Statistics. CDC.http://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/stats.htm Accessed on January 26, 2016</ref> Trichomoniasis usually affects African American individuals. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop trichomoniasis. In the United States, the highest prevalence of trichomonas infection in women is seen among African-Americans, with rates ranging from 13–51%.<ref name="pmid26242185">{{cite journal| author=Kissinger P| title=Trichomonas vaginalis: a review of epidemiologic, clinical and treatment issues. | journal=BMC Infect Dis | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue=  | pages= 307 | pmid=26242185 | doi=10.1186/s12879-015-1055-0 | pmc=PMC4525749 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26242185  }} </ref>


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
Trichomoniasis is the most common curable [[STD]] in young, sexually active women. An estimated 7.4 million new cases occur each year in women and men. The relative [[standard error]] for trichomoniasis estimates range from 7.5% to 13% and for other [[vaginitis]] estimates range from 16% to 30%. [[Trichomonas vaginalis]], a [[flagellate]], is the most common pathogenic [[protozoan]] of humans in industrialized countries. However, it occurs worldwide.
The worldwide incidence and prevalence of trichomoniasis is reflected in the following table:<ref>http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75181/1/9789241503839_eng.pdf</ref>


===Prevalence===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
[[Image:Trichomoniasis and other vaginal infections in women.jpg|left|500px|Trichomoniasis and other vaginal infections in women — Initial visits to physicians' offices: United States, 1966–2005]]
|+ Worldwide epidemiology of Trichomoniasis, 2008
|-
! Region !! Gender !! Incidence/100,000/yr !! Prevalence/100,000
|-
! rowspan="2" | Africa
| M || 16,500 || 2000
|-
| F || 14,600 || 20,200
|-
! rowspan="2" | The Americas
| M || 1,806 || 2,200
|-
| F || 17,700 || 22,000
|-
! rowspan="2" | South East Asia
| M || 5,000 || 600
|-
| F || 4,030 || 5,600
|-
! rowspan="2" | Europe
| M || 4,840 || 600
|-
| F || 5,170 || 5,800
|-
! rowspan="2" | East Mediterranean
| M || 6,600 || 800
|-
| F || 6,400 || 8000
|-
! rowspan="2" | Western Pacific region includes China and Australia
| M || 4,700 || 600
|-
| F || 4,600 || 5,700
|-
! rowspan="1" | United States of America<ref name=cde> Incidence, Prevalence, and Cost of Sexually
Transmitted Infections in the United States. CDC.http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/sti-estimates-fact-sheet-feb-2013.pdf Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref>
| F || 358    || 310       
|}
 
===Prevalence in United States of America===
The prevalence of trichomonasis in the United States between 1966 and 2005 is reflected in the graph below: 
 
[[Image:Trichomoniasis and other vaginal infections in women.jpg|center|500px|thumb|Trichomoniasis and other vaginal infections in women — Initial visits to physicians' offices: United States, 1966–2005 - Source: https://www.cdc.gov/]]
<br clear="left"/>
<br clear="left"/>
''Trichomoniasis and other vaginal infections in women — Initial visits to physicians' offices: United States, 1966–2005:''<ref name="urlSTD Facts - Trichomoniasis">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/STDFact-Trichomoniasis.htm |title=STD Facts - Trichomoniasis |format= |work= |accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref><ref name="urlDPDx - Trichomoniasis">{{cite web |url=http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Trichomoniasis.htm |title=DPDx - Trichomoniasis |format= |work= |accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref>
''Trichomoniasis and other vaginal infections in women — Initial visits to physicians' offices: United States, 1966–2005:''<ref name="urlSTD Facts - Trichomoniasis">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/STDFact-Trichomoniasis.htm |title=STD Facts - Trichomoniasis |format= |work= |accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref><ref name="urlDPDx - Trichomoniasis">{{cite web |url=http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Trichomoniasis.htm |title=DPDx - Trichomoniasis |format= |work= |accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref>


===Incidence===
==Demographic factors==
The following demographic factors may affect incidence and prevalence of trichomoniasis:


===Age===
===Age===
Trichomoniasis is a common disease that mostly occurs among women ages 20-45 years.<ref name="pmid9564565">{{cite journal| author=Petrin D, Delgaty K, Bhatt R, Garber G| title=Clinical and microbiological aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 1998 | volume= 11 | issue= 2 | pages= 300-17 | pmid=9564565 | doi= | pmc=PMC106834 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9564565  }} </ref>
Trichomoniasis occurs most commonly among women aged 20-45 years.<ref name="pmid9564565">{{cite journal| author=Petrin D, Delgaty K, Bhatt R, Garber G| title=Clinical and microbiological aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 1998 | volume= 11 | issue= 2 | pages= 300-17 | pmid=9564565 | doi= | pmc=PMC106834 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9564565  }} </ref>


===Gender===
===Gender===
Females are more commonly affected with trichomoniasis than males.<ref name=ccc> Trichomoniasis Statistics. CDC.http://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/stats.htm Accessed on January 26, 2016</ref>
Females are more commonly affected by trichomoniasis than males.<ref name=ccc> Trichomoniasis Statistics. CDC.http://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/stats.htm Accessed on January 26, 2016</ref>


===Race===
===Race===
Trichomoniasis usually affects African American individuals. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop trichomoniasis. In the United States, the highest prevalence of trichomonas infection in US women is seen among African-Americans with rates ranging from 13–51%.<ref name="pmid26242185">{{cite journal| author=Kissinger P| title=Trichomonas vaginalis: a review of epidemiologic, clinical and treatment issues. | journal=BMC Infect Dis | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue=  | pages= 307 | pmid=26242185 | doi=10.1186/s12879-015-1055-0 | pmc=PMC4525749 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26242185  }} </ref>
Trichomoniasis usually affects African American individuals. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop trichomoniasis. In the United States, the highest prevalence of trichomonas infection in women is observed among African-Americans, with rates ranging from 13–51%.<ref name="pmid26242185">{{cite journal| author=Kissinger P| title=Trichomonas vaginalis: a review of epidemiologic, clinical and treatment issues. | journal=BMC Infect Dis | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue=  | pages= 307 | pmid=26242185 | doi=10.1186/s12879-015-1055-0 | pmc=PMC4525749 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26242185  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
[[Category:Sexually transmitted diseases]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
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[[Category:Needs overview]]


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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2], Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[3]

Overview

Trichomoniasis is the most common curable STD in young, sexually active women. An estimated 7.4 million new cases occur each year in the United States. In 2008, the incidence of trichomoniasis was estimated to be 358 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[1] Females are more commonly affected with trichomoniasis than males.[2] Trichomoniasis usually affects African American individuals. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop trichomoniasis. In the United States, the highest prevalence of trichomonas infection in women is seen among African-Americans, with rates ranging from 13–51%.[3]

Epidemiology and Demographics

The worldwide incidence and prevalence of trichomoniasis is reflected in the following table:[4]

Worldwide epidemiology of Trichomoniasis, 2008
Region Gender Incidence/100,000/yr Prevalence/100,000
Africa M 16,500 2000
F 14,600 20,200
The Americas M 1,806 2,200
F 17,700 22,000
South East Asia M 5,000 600
F 4,030 5,600
Europe M 4,840 600
F 5,170 5,800
East Mediterranean M 6,600 800
F 6,400 8000
Western Pacific region includes China and Australia M 4,700 600
F 4,600 5,700
United States of America[1] F 358 310

Prevalence in United States of America

The prevalence of trichomonasis in the United States between 1966 and 2005 is reflected in the graph below:

Trichomoniasis and other vaginal infections in women — Initial visits to physicians' offices: United States, 1966–2005 - Source: https://www.cdc.gov/


Trichomoniasis and other vaginal infections in women — Initial visits to physicians' offices: United States, 1966–2005:[5][6]

Demographic factors

The following demographic factors may affect incidence and prevalence of trichomoniasis:

Age

Trichomoniasis occurs most commonly among women aged 20-45 years.[7]

Gender

Females are more commonly affected by trichomoniasis than males.[2]

Race

Trichomoniasis usually affects African American individuals. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop trichomoniasis. In the United States, the highest prevalence of trichomonas infection in women is observed among African-Americans, with rates ranging from 13–51%.[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Incidence, Prevalence, and Cost of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States. CDC.http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/sti-estimates-fact-sheet-feb-2013.pdf Accessed on February 2, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trichomoniasis Statistics. CDC.http://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/stats.htm Accessed on January 26, 2016
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kissinger P (2015). "Trichomonas vaginalis: a review of epidemiologic, clinical and treatment issues". BMC Infect Dis. 15: 307. doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1055-0. PMC 4525749. PMID 26242185.
  4. ↑ http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75181/1/9789241503839_eng.pdf
  5. ↑ "STD Facts - Trichomoniasis". Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  6. ↑ "DPDx - Trichomoniasis". Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  7. ↑ Petrin D, Delgaty K, Bhatt R, Garber G (1998). "Clinical and microbiological aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 11 (2): 300–17. PMC 106834. PMID 9564565.


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