Tracheitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of [[tracheitis]] include [[pediatric]] age group, [[Virus|viral]] [[upper respiratory]] tract [[Infection|infection,]] [[mechanical ventilation]] and [[immunocompromised]] state. The individuals most likely to be affected are between 2-10 years of age. [[Staphylococcus aureus|Staphylococcus Aureus]] is the most commonly cultured [[Organisms|organism]] on [[Trachea|tracheal aspirate.]] Mechanical ventilation allows easy [[colonization]] of the [[trachea]] by [[bacteria]] and cause [[tracheitis]]. Invasive [[fungal]] [[infections]] commonly develop among [[Immunocompromised|immunocompromised i]]<nowiki/>ndividuals and can cause [[Tracheitis|tracheitis.]] | Common risk factors in the development of [[tracheitis]] include [[pediatric]] age group, [[Virus|viral]] [[upper respiratory]] tract [[Infection|infection,]] [[mechanical ventilation]] and [[immunocompromised]] state. The individuals most likely to be affected are between 2-10 years of age. [[Staphylococcus aureus|Staphylococcus Aureus]] is the most commonly cultured [[Organisms|organism]] on [[Trachea|tracheal aspirate.]] Mechanical ventilation allows easy [[colonization]] of the [[trachea]] by [[bacteria]] and cause [[tracheitis]]. Invasive [[fungal]] [[infections]] commonly develop among [[Immunocompromised|immunocompromised i]]<nowiki/>ndividuals and can cause [[Tracheitis|tracheitis.]] <ref name="pmid28578551">{{cite journal| author=Martin-Loeches I, Coakley JD, Nseir S| title=Should We Treat Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis with Antibiotics? | journal=Semin Respir Crit Care Med | year= 2017 | volume= 38 | issue= 3 | pages= 264-270 | pmid=28578551 | doi=10.1055/s-0037-1602582 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28578551 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid30348058">{{cite journal |vauthors=Casazza G, Graham ME, Nelson D, Chaulk D, Sandweiss D, Meier J |title=Pediatric Bacterial Tracheitis-A Variable Entity: Case Series with Literature Review |journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=160 |issue=3 |pages=546–549 |date=March 2019 |pmid=30348058 |doi=10.1177/0194599818808774 |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid28757125">{{cite journal |vauthors=Blot M, Bonniaud-Blot P, Favrolt N, Bonniaud P, Chavanet P, Piroth L |title=Update on childhood and adult infectious tracheitis |journal=Med Mal Infect |volume=47 |issue=7 |pages=443–452 |date=November 2017 |pmid=28757125 |pmc=7125831 |doi=10.1016/j.medmal.2017.06.006 |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Common Risk Factors=== | ===Common Risk Factors=== | ||
*Common risk factors in the development of tracheitis include: | *Common risk factors in the development of tracheitis include: | ||
**[[Paediatric]] age group (because their airways are smaller) | **[[Paediatric]] age group (because their airways are smaller) | ||
**[[Virus|Viral upper respiratory tract infection]] | **[[Virus|Viral upper respiratory tract infection]] | ||
**[[Airway]] [[Intubation]] | **[[Airway]] [[Intubation]] | ||
**Long term presence of tracheostomy | **Long term presence of tracheostomy | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dushka Riaz, MD
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of tracheitis include pediatric age group, prior viral upper respiratory tract infection, mechanical ventilation and immunocompromised state. The individuals most likely to be affected are between 2-10 years of age. Viral upper respiratory tract infection damages the mucosal barrier which makes bacterial invasion more likely. Staphylococcus Aureus is the most commonly cultured organism on tracheal aspirate. Mechanical ventilation allows easy colonization of the trachea and further development of tracheitis. Invasive fungal infections commonly develop among immunocompromised individuals and can cause tracheitis. [1] [2]
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of tracheitis include pediatric age group, viral upper respiratory tract infection, mechanical ventilation and immunocompromised state. The individuals most likely to be affected are between 2-10 years of age. Staphylococcus Aureus is the most commonly cultured organism on tracheal aspirate. Mechanical ventilation allows easy colonization of the trachea by bacteria and cause tracheitis. Invasive fungal infections commonly develop among immunocompromised individuals and can cause tracheitis. [3] [4] [2]
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of tracheitis include:
- Paediatric age group (because their airways are smaller)
- Viral upper respiratory tract infection
- Airway Intubation
- Long term presence of tracheostomy
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of tracheitis include:
- Immunocompromised state
- Lack of immunization e.g Heamophilus Influenza B
References
- ↑ "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 29262085.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Blot M, Bonniaud-Blot P, Favrolt N, Bonniaud P, Chavanet P, Piroth L (2017). "Update on childhood and adult infectious tracheitis". Med Mal Infect. 47 (7): 443–452. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2017.06.006. PMC 7125831 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 28757125. - ↑ Martin-Loeches I, Coakley JD, Nseir S (2017). "Should We Treat Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis with Antibiotics?". Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 38 (3): 264–270. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1602582. PMID 28578551.
- ↑ Casazza G, Graham ME, Nelson D, Chaulk D, Sandweiss D, Meier J (March 2019). "Pediatric Bacterial Tracheitis-A Variable Entity: Case Series with Literature Review". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 160 (3): 546–549. doi:10.1177/0194599818808774. PMID 30348058.