Thymoma surgery: Difference between revisions

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VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 19:23, 15 August 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amr Marawan, M.D. [2] Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [3]

Overview

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of thymoma.

Surgery

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of thymoma.
If the tumor is grossly invasive and large, preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may be used to decrease the size and improve resectability, before surgery is attempted.
When the tumor is at an early stage (Masaoka I through IIB), no further therapy is necessary.
Malignant tumors may need additional treatment with radiotherapy, or sometimes with chemotherapy, such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin.^[1]
Complete resection may require resection of the adjacent structures, including pleura, lungs, pericardium, phrenic nerves, and sometimes major vascular structures.
Pleural surfaces should be examined for metastasis.
There is no long term data to support minimally invasive procedures.^[2]
A full median sternotomy is the standard open approach.
The mediastinum must be explored for cervical thymus extension.

Primary Diagnosis Treatment Algorithm^[3]

Stage I

Diagnosis of thymoma

Resectable

Chemotherapy single agent (ifosfamide) or combination (ADOC/CAPP)

Surgical resection

Incomplete resection

Radio/chemo therapy

Stage II/III/IV

Unresectable

Radiotherapy

Relapse Treatment Algorithm^[3]

Relapse

Resectable

Unresectable

Radiotherapy

Corticosteroids/Octreotide

Surgical resection

Incomplete resection

Radiotherapy

References

↑ Thomas CR, Wright CD, Loehrer PJ (1999). "Thymoma: state of the art". Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 17 (7): 2280–9. PMID 10561285. Text "accessdate" ignored (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ "https://www.nccn.org/store/login/login.aspx?ReturnURL=http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thymic.pdf" (PDF). External link in |title= (help)
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "http://www.cancertreatmentreviews.com/article/S0305-7372(11)00249-0/abstract". External link in |title= (help)

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid10561285-1] Thomas CR, Wright CD, Loehrer PJ (1999). "Thymoma: state of the art". Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 17 (7): 2280–9. PMID 10561285. Text "accessdate" ignored (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[2] "https://www.nccn.org/store/login/login.aspx?ReturnURL=http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thymic.pdf" (PDF). External link in |title= (help)

[www.cancertreatmentreviews.com-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "http://www.cancertreatmentreviews.com/article/S0305-7372(11)00249-0/abstract". External link in |title= (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
-Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of thymoma.
+[[Surgery]] is the mainstay of treatment of thymoma.
 ==Surgery==
-*Complete resection may require resection of the adjacent structures, including [[pleura]], [[lungs]], [[pericardium]], [[phrenic nerves]] and sometimes major vascular structures.
+*[[Surgery]] is the mainstay of treatment of thymoma.
-*Pleural surfaces should be examined for [[metastasis]].
+*If the [[tumor]] is [[Gross examination|grossly]] [[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] and large, [[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy|preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy]] and/or [[Radiation therapy|radiotherapy]] may be used to decrease the size and improve [[Resection|resectability]], before [[surgery]] is attempted.
-*There is no long term data to support minimally invasive procedures.<ref>{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = https://www.nccn.org/store/login/login.aspx?ReturnURL=http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thymic.pdf | url = https://www.nccn.org/store/login/login.aspx?ReturnURL=http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thymic.pdf | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate = }}</ref>
+*When the [[tumor]] is at an early stage (Masaoka I through IIB), no further [[therapy]] is necessary.
+*[[Malignant tumors]] may need additional treatment with [[radiotherapy]], or sometimes with [[chemotherapy]], such as [[cyclophosphamide]], [[doxorubicin]], and [[cisplatin]].<ref name="pmid10561285">{{cite journal |author=Thomas CR, Wright CD, Loehrer PJ |title=Thymoma: state of the art |journal=[[Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology]] |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=2280–9 |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10561285 |doi= |url=http://www.jco.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10561285 |accessdate}}</ref>
+*Complete [[resection]] may require [[resection]] of the adjacent structures, including [[pleura]], [[lungs]], [[pericardium]], [[phrenic nerves]], and sometimes major [[vascular]] structures.
+*[[Pleural]] surfaces should be examined for [[metastasis]].
+*There is no long term data to support minimally [[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] procedures.<ref>{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = https://www.nccn.org/store/login/login.aspx?ReturnURL=http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thymic.pdf | url = https://www.nccn.org/store/login/login.aspx?ReturnURL=http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thymic.pdf | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate = }}</ref>
 *A full [[median sternotomy]] is the standard open approach.
-*The [[mediastinum]] must be explored for cervical thymus extensions and laterally down to the phrenic nerves.
+*The [[mediastinum]] must be explored for [[cervical]] [[thymus]] extension.
+====Primary Diagnosis Treatment Algorithm<ref name="www.cancertreatmentreviews.com">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = http://www.cancertreatmentreviews.com/article/S0305-7372(11)00249-0/abstract | url = http://www.cancertreatmentreviews.com/article/S0305-7372(11)00249-0/abstract | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate = }}</ref>====
+<br>
 {{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}}
 {{familytree | | | |,|-| A01 |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |A01=Stage I }}
 {{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | }}
 {{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | }}
-{{familytree | | C01 | | C02 |-|-|-|-|-|-|.|!| |C01=**Diagnosis of thymoma |C02=Resectable }}
+{{familytree | | C01 | | C02 |-|-|-|-|-|-|.|!| |C01=Diagnosis of thymoma |C02=Resectable }}
 {{familytree | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | |!|!| | | | | | }}
-{{familytree | | | |!| | | |!| B01 |-|-|-| B02 |-|-|-|-| B03 |-|-| B04 | | | | | |B01=Chemotherapy single agent e.g. IFo or combination e.g. ADOC or CAPP |B02=Surgical resection |B03=Incomplete resection |B04=Radio/chemo therapy }}
+{{familytree | | | |!| | | |!| B01 |-|-|-| B02 |-|-|-|-| B03 |-|-| B04 | | | | | |B01=Chemotherapy single agent (ifosfamide) or combination (ADOC/CAPP) |B02=Surgical resection |B03=Incomplete resection |B04=Radio/chemo therapy }}
 {{familytree | | | |!| | | |!| |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | }}
 {{familytree | | | |!| | | |!| |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | }}
@@ Line 25: / Line 31: @@
 {{familytree | | | |`|-| E01 |-| E02 |-| E03 | |E01=Stage II/III/IV |E02=Unresectable |E03=Radiotherapy }}
 {{familytree/end}}
+<br>
+====Relapse Treatment Algorithm<ref name="www.cancertreatmentreviews.com">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = http://www.cancertreatmentreviews.com/article/S0305-7372(11)00249-0/abstract | url = http://www.cancertreatmentreviews.com/article/S0305-7372(11)00249-0/abstract | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate = }}</ref>====
+<br>
 {{familytree/start |summary=Relapse}}
-{{familytree | | | | | | | | A01 |A01=**Relapse}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | A01 |A01=Relapse}}
 {{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | }}
 {{familytree | | | B01 | | | | | | |,| B02 |.| |B01=Resectable|B02=Unresectable}}
 {{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | }}
-{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | C02 | | C03 | | | |C02=Radiotherapy |C03=Corticosteroids/octreotide }}
+{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | C02 | | C03 | | | |C02=Radiotherapy |C03=Corticosteroids/Octreotide }}
 {{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | }}
 {{familytree | | | C01 |-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|'| | | |C01=Surgical resection }}
@@ Line 41: / Line 49: @@
 {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
 {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
-{{familytree/end}}<ref name="www.cancertreatmentreviews.com">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = http://www.cancertreatmentreviews.com/article/S0305-7372(11)00249-0/abstract | url = http://www.cancertreatmentreviews.com/article/S0305-7372(11)00249-0/abstract | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate = }}</ref>
+{{familytree/end}}
-Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. If the tumor is apparently invasive and large, preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may be used to decrease the size and improve resectability, before surgery is attempted. When the tumor is an early stage (Masaoka I through IIB), no further therapy is necessary.
-Malignant tumors may need additional treatment with [[radiotherapy]], or sometimes with chemotherapy, such as [[cyclophosphamide]], [[doxorubicin]], and [[cisplatin]].<ref name="pmid10561285">{{cite journal |author=Thomas CR, Wright CD, Loehrer PJ |title=Thymoma: state of the art |journal=[[Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology]] |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=2280–9 |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10561285 |doi= |url=http://www.jco.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10561285 |accessdate}}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 53: / Line 58: @@
 {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
 {{WikiDoc Sources}}
+ [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Oncology]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
+[[Category:Hematology]]
+[[Category:Immunology]]
+[[Category:Surgery]]

Thymoma surgery: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 19:23, 15 August 2019

Overview

Surgery

Primary Diagnosis Treatment Algorithm[3]

Relapse Treatment Algorithm[3]

References

Navigation menu

Primary Diagnosis Treatment Algorithm^[3]

Relapse Treatment Algorithm^[3]