Thymoma differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amr Marawan, M.D. [2] Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [3] Khuram Nouman, M.D. [4]

Overview

Thymoma must be differentiated from thymic carcinoma, mediastinal germ cell tumor, thymic masses, lymphoma, and sub-sternal thyroid.

Differentiating Thymoma from other Diseases

Diseases Site Clinical Features Pathology Labs
Mediastinal Part Systemic Symptoms Obstructive Symptoms Additional Features Cell Organization Tumor Cells Lymphoid Cells Additional Tests
Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor
  • Non-adhesive
  • Mature looking
  • Small
Thymic masses
  • Thymoma
  • Cyst
  • Thymic carcinoma
  • Thymolipoma
  • Parathyroid hyperplasia)
  • Varies
  • Varies with type
  • Varies with type
Lymphoma
  • Non-adhesive
Sub-sternal goiter & thyroid lymphoma
  • Varies


Thymoma Vs Thymic Carcinoma

  • The following table highlights the difference between thymoma and thymic carcinoma:
Differential diagnosis of thymoma types A, AB, B, and thymic carcinomas.

Other Differential Diagnoses

Thymoma must be differentiated from other similar conditions which lead to multiple endocrine disorders, such as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, POEMS syndrome, Hirata's syndrome, Kearns–Sayre syndrome, and Wolfram syndromes.

Disease Addison's Disease Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Hypothyroidism Other Disorders Present
APS type 1 +
  • Less common
  • Less common
APS type 2 + + +
APS type 3 - + +
Thymoma + - +
Chromosomal abnormalities
(Turner syndrome,
Down's syndrome)
- + +
Kearns–Sayre syndrome - + -
Wolfram syndrome - + -
POEMS syndrome - + -

References


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