Superior vena cava syndrome staging: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
According to the Journal of Thoracic Oncology, there are 5 stages of superior vena cava syndrome based on the severity and incidence. Each stage is assigned a grade and a description that designate disease severity. | According to the Journal of Thoracic Oncology, there are 5 stages of [[superior vena cava syndrome]] based on the severity and [[incidence]]. Each stage is assigned a grade and a description that designate [[disease]] severity. | ||
==Staging== | ==Staging== | ||
The table below summarizes the different stages of superior vena cava syndrome, categorizing them according to clinical severity. | The table below summarizes the different stages of [[superior vena cava syndrome]], categorizing them according to clinical severity. <ref name="pmid18670297">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yu JB, Wilson LD, Detterbeck FC |title=Superior vena cava syndrome--a proposed classification system and algorithm for management |journal=J Thorac Oncol |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=811–4 |year=2008 |pmid=18670297 |doi=10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181804791 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17476012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilson LD, Detterbeck FC, Yahalom J |title=Clinical practice. Superior vena cava syndrome with malignant causes |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=356 |issue=18 |pages=1862–9 |year=2007 |pmid=17476012 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp067190 |url=}}</ref> | ||
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! style="background: #4479BA; width: 50px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Grade}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 50px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Grade}} | ||
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! style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;"| 0 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" | 0 | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;"|Asymptomatic | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;" |Asymptomatic | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;"|10 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;" |10 | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|Radiographic superior vena cava obstruction in the absence of symptoms. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Radiographic superior vena cava obstruction in the absence of symptoms. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;"|1 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |1 | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;"|Mild | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;" |Mild | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;"|25 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;" |25 | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|Edema in head or neck (vascular distention), cyanosis, and plethora. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Edema in head or neck (vascular distention), cyanosis, and plethora. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;"| 2 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" | 2 | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;"| Moderate | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;" | Moderate | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;"|50 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;" |50 | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|Edema in head or neck with functional impairment (mild dysphagia, cough, mild or moderate impairment of head, jaw or eyelid movements, and visual disturbances caused by ocular edema). | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Edema in head or neck with functional impairment (mild dysphagia, cough, mild or moderate impairment of head, jaw or eyelid movements, and visual disturbances caused by ocular edema). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;"| 3 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" | 3 | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;"| Severe | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;" | Severe | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;"|10 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;" |10 | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|Mild or moderate cerebral edema (headache and dizziness) or mild/moderate laryngeal edema or diminished cardiac reserve (syncope after bending). | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mild or moderate cerebral edema (headache and dizziness) or mild/moderate laryngeal edema or diminished cardiac reserve (syncope after bending). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;"| 4 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" | 4 | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;"|Life-threatening | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;" |Life-threatening | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;"|5 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;" |5 | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|Significant cerebral edema (confusion and obtundation) or significant laryngeal edema (stridor) or significant hemodynamic compromise (syncope without precipitating factors, hypotension, and renal insufficiency). | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Significant cerebral edema (confusion and obtundation) or significant laryngeal edema (stridor) or significant hemodynamic compromise (syncope without precipitating factors, hypotension, and renal insufficiency). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;"| 5 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" | 5 | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;"| Fatal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;" | Fatal | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;"|< 1 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;text-align:center;" |< 1 | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|Death | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Death | ||
|} | |} | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Latest revision as of 13:48, 12 April 2019
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Microchapters |
Differentiating Superior Vena Cava Syndrome from Other Diseases |
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Case Studies |
Superior vena cava syndrome staging On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Superior vena cava syndrome staging |
Directions to Hospitals Treating Superior vena cava syndrome |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Superior vena cava syndrome staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]
Overview
According to the Journal of Thoracic Oncology, there are 5 stages of superior vena cava syndrome based on the severity and incidence. Each stage is assigned a grade and a description that designate disease severity.
Staging
The table below summarizes the different stages of superior vena cava syndrome, categorizing them according to clinical severity. [1][2]
Grade | Category | Incidence | Definition |
---|---|---|---|
0 | Asymptomatic | 10 | Radiographic superior vena cava obstruction in the absence of symptoms. |
1 | Mild | 25 | Edema in head or neck (vascular distention), cyanosis, and plethora. |
2 | Moderate | 50 | Edema in head or neck with functional impairment (mild dysphagia, cough, mild or moderate impairment of head, jaw or eyelid movements, and visual disturbances caused by ocular edema). |
3 | Severe | 10 | Mild or moderate cerebral edema (headache and dizziness) or mild/moderate laryngeal edema or diminished cardiac reserve (syncope after bending). |
4 | Life-threatening | 5 | Significant cerebral edema (confusion and obtundation) or significant laryngeal edema (stridor) or significant hemodynamic compromise (syncope without precipitating factors, hypotension, and renal insufficiency). |
5 | Fatal | < 1 | Death |
References
- ↑ Yu JB, Wilson LD, Detterbeck FC (2008). "Superior vena cava syndrome--a proposed classification system and algorithm for management". J Thorac Oncol. 3 (8): 811–4. doi:10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181804791. PMID 18670297.
- ↑ Wilson LD, Detterbeck FC, Yahalom J (2007). "Clinical practice. Superior vena cava syndrome with malignant causes". N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (18): 1862–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp067190. PMID 17476012.