Pharyngitis electrocardiogram: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Pharyngitis}} | {{Pharyngitis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{VSKP}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{VSKP}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There are no specific EKG findings associated with pharyngitis, but the complications of pharyngitis may be associate cardiac rhythm abnormalities. | There are no specific [[EKG]] findings associated with [[pharyngitis]], but the complications of [[pharyngitis]] may be associate with [[cardiac rhythm]] abnormalities. | ||
==Electrocardiogram Findings== | ==Electrocardiogram Findings== | ||
===Electrocardiogram Findings Associate with Rheumatic Heart Disease=== | ===Electrocardiogram Findings Associate with Rheumatic Heart Disease=== | ||
ECG changes depend on the structures involved and the extent of cardiac damage. The following ECG changes may be noted in patients with rheumatic fever:<ref name="pmid20294585">{{cite journal| author=SOKOLOW M| title=The electrocardiogram in the diagnosis and management of rheumatic fever. | journal=Calif Med | year= 1947 | volume= 66 | issue= 4 | pages= 221-6 | pmid=20294585 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | [[ECG]] changes depend on the structures involved and the extent of [[cardiac]] damage. The following [[ECG]] changes may be noted in patients with [[rheumatic fever]]:<ref name="pmid20294585">{{cite journal| author=SOKOLOW M| title=The electrocardiogram in the diagnosis and management of rheumatic fever. | journal=Calif Med | year= 1947 | volume= 66 | issue= 4 | pages= 221-6 | pmid=20294585 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | ||
*Sinus [[tachycardia]] or [[bradycardia]] depending on vagal tone | *[[Sinus]] [[tachycardia]] or [[bradycardia]] depending on [[vagal tone]] | ||
*Prolongation of [[PR interval]] | *Prolongation of [[PR interval]] | ||
*Variable degree of [[AV Conduction|AV conduction]] block | *Variable degree of [[AV Conduction|AV conduction]] block | ||
<br clear="left"/> | <br clear="left"/> | ||
*[[P mitrale]] secondary to [[mitral valve]] abnormalities | *[[P mitrale]] secondary to [[mitral valve]] abnormalities | ||
[[File:LAE 12lead.jpg|left|thumb|500px|P mitrale - Left atrial enlargement<ref> Image courtesy of ECGPedia (2015). http://en.ecgpedia.org/wiki/Short_coupled_Torsades_de_Pointes Accessed on October 19, 2015. </ref>]] | [[File:LAE 12lead.jpg|left|thumb|500px|P mitrale - [[Left atrial enlargement]]<ref> Image courtesy of ECGPedia (2015). http://en.ecgpedia.org/wiki/Short_coupled_Torsades_de_Pointes Accessed on October 19, 2015. </ref>]] | ||
<br clear="left"/> | <br clear="left"/> | ||
*[[Mitral valve]] abnormalities which may lead to development of [[atrial flutter]] or [[atrial fibrillation]] | *[[Mitral valve]] abnormalities which may lead to development of [[atrial flutter]] or [[atrial fibrillation]] | ||
*[[T-wave]] inversions which may be noted in leads I, II and IV suggestive of [[pericardial]] involvement | *[[T-wave]] inversions which may be noted in leads I, II, and IV suggestive of [[pericardial]] involvement | ||
*[[ST segment elevation]] may also be present in leads II, III, aVF and V<sub>4</sub> to V<sub>6</sub> in patients with acute [[pericarditis]] | *[[ST segment elevation]] may also be present in leads II, [[III]],[[aVF]] and V<sub>4</sub> to V<sub>6</sub> in patients with acute [[pericarditis]] | ||
==Electrocardiogram Findings Associate With Diphtheria== | |||
[[ECG]] in patients with [[diphtheria]] can be normal. However, in patients with [[diphtheria]] [[myocarditis]], a wide range of abnormalities related to conduction and [[rhythm]] may be seen. Some of the [[ECG]] findings in [[diphtheria]] [[myocarditis]] include:<ref name="pmid18103551">{{cite journal |vauthors=BOYER NH, WEINSTEIN L |title=Diphtheritic myocarditis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=239 |issue=24 |pages=913–9 |year=1948 |pmid=18103551 |doi=10.1056/NEJM194812092392403 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14715320">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lumio JT, Groundstroem KW, Melnick OB, Huhtala H, Rakhmanova AG |title=Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with diphtheria: a prospective study |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=78–83 |year=2004 |pmid=14715320 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14069096">{{cite journal |vauthors=MORGAN BC |title=CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS OF DIPHTHERIA |journal=Pediatrics |volume=32 |issue= |pages=549–57 |year=1963 |pmid=14069096 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Prolonged PR or [[QT intervals]] | |||
*Alterations in the ST segment, which can be elevation or depression | |||
*Alterations in the [[T wave]] | |||
*[[Atrioventricular block]] (AV block) | |||
*[[Bundle branch block]] (BBB) | |||
*[[Hemiblock]] | |||
*[[Sinus bradycardia]] | |||
*[[Arrythmias]], such as [[supraventricular tachycardia]] (SVT) and [[ventricular tachycardia]] (VT) | |||
==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
[[Category:Otolaryngology]] | [[Category:Otolaryngology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Immunology]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:56, 11 December 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
There are no specific EKG findings associated with pharyngitis, but the complications of pharyngitis may be associate with cardiac rhythm abnormalities.
Electrocardiogram Findings
Electrocardiogram Findings Associate with Rheumatic Heart Disease
ECG changes depend on the structures involved and the extent of cardiac damage. The following ECG changes may be noted in patients with rheumatic fever:[1]
- Sinus tachycardia or bradycardia depending on vagal tone
- Prolongation of PR interval
- Variable degree of AV conduction block
- P mitrale secondary to mitral valve abnormalities
- Mitral valve abnormalities which may lead to development of atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation
- T-wave inversions which may be noted in leads I, II, and IV suggestive of pericardial involvement
- ST segment elevation may also be present in leads II, III,aVF and V4 to V6 in patients with acute pericarditis
Electrocardiogram Findings Associate With Diphtheria
ECG in patients with diphtheria can be normal. However, in patients with diphtheria myocarditis, a wide range of abnormalities related to conduction and rhythm may be seen. Some of the ECG findings in diphtheria myocarditis include:[3][4][5]
- Prolonged PR or QT intervals
- Alterations in the ST segment, which can be elevation or depression
- Alterations in the T wave
- Atrioventricular block (AV block)
- Bundle branch block (BBB)
- Hemiblock
- Sinus bradycardia
- Arrythmias, such as supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and ventricular tachycardia (VT)
Reference
- ↑ SOKOLOW M (1947). "The electrocardiogram in the diagnosis and management of rheumatic fever". Calif Med. 66 (4): 221–6. PMID 20294585.
- ↑ Image courtesy of ECGPedia (2015). http://en.ecgpedia.org/wiki/Short_coupled_Torsades_de_Pointes Accessed on October 19, 2015.
- ↑ BOYER NH, WEINSTEIN L (1948). "Diphtheritic myocarditis". N. Engl. J. Med. 239 (24): 913–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM194812092392403. PMID 18103551.
- ↑ Lumio JT, Groundstroem KW, Melnick OB, Huhtala H, Rakhmanova AG (2004). "Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with diphtheria: a prospective study". Am. J. Med. 116 (2): 78–83. PMID 14715320.
- ↑ MORGAN BC (1963). "CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS OF DIPHTHERIA". Pediatrics. 32: 549–57. PMID 14069096.