Pericarditis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
*The incidence | *The incidence of acute pericarditis is approximately 27.7 per 100,000 individuals annually. | ||
* | *The incidence of hospitalization for acute pericarditis was estimated to be 3.32 cases per 100,000 individuals annually. | ||
*The recurrence of disease is seen in almost 30% of patients after first episode of disease. | |||
=== | ===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== | ||
*The mortality rate of acute pericarditis is approximately 1.1% in developed countries. | |||
*The | |||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
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individuals and frequently recurs.1,2 In a prospective, | individuals and frequently recurs.1,2 In a prospective, | ||
observational cohort study involving2general hospitals from an Italian | observational cohort study involving2general hospitals from an Italian | ||
urban area of 220 000 inhabitants, an incidence of 27.7 cases | urban area of 220 000 inhabitants, an incidence of 27.7 cases per100 000population per year was reported.3 Data from a Finnish national registry demonstrated a standardizedincidence rate ofhospitalizations | ||
per100 000population per | |||
national | |||
for acute pericarditis of 3.32 per 100 000 personyears, | for acute pericarditis of 3.32 per 100 000 personyears, | ||
with a higher proportion of men. Overall, pericarditis accounts | with a higher proportion of men. Overall, pericarditis accounts | ||
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Pericarditis epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. Homa Najafi, M.D.[2]
Overview
Pericarditis in developed countries are usually due to viral infections such as echovirus and coxsackie virus, while in developing countries it is usually secondary to tuberculosis or HIV infection. The incidence of pericarditis following MI has greatly reduced with the use of early thrombolytic agents and revascularization.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of acute pericarditis is approximately 27.7 per 100,000 individuals annually.
- The incidence of hospitalization for acute pericarditis was estimated to be 3.32 cases per 100,000 individuals annually.
- The recurrence of disease is seen in almost 30% of patients after first episode of disease.
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The mortality rate of acute pericarditis is approximately 1.1% in developed countries.
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
- [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
- [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
Race
- There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
Age
Pericarditis is more frequently seen among adolescents than young adults or children. However, no differences in etiology, clinical course, and prognosis were observed across different age groups of patients with moderate or large pericardial effusions.[1]
Gender
Pericarditis is seen more frequently among males than females.
Developed Countries
Pericarditis in developed countries is most commonly due to malignancy or viral infection. It usually follows respiratory infections, most commonly echovirus or coxsackie virus. In children, it is most commonly caused by adenovirus or coxsackie virus. The incidence and prevalence of viral pericarditis vary with season and region.[2][3][4]
Developing Countries
In developing countries pericarditis is usually secondary to tuberculosis or HIV infection. Tuberculous pericarditis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is found in approximately 1% of all autopsied cases of TB and in 1% to 2% of instances of pulmonary TB. It accounted for 69.5% (162 of 233) of cases referred for diagnostic pericardiocentesis in a study in Western Cape Province of South Africa, while the same accounts for 4% of cases in developed countries.[5][6][7][8]
Despite the relative high frequency of pericardial diseases, there are
few epidemiological data, especially from primary care. Pericarditis
is the most common disease of the pericardium encountered in clinical
practice. The incidence of acute pericarditis has been reported
as 27.7 cases per 100,000 population per year in an Italian urban
area.7 Pericarditis is responsible for 0.1% of all hospital admissions
and 5% of emergency room admissions for chest pain.4,5,42 Data collected
from a Finnish national registry (2000–9) showed a standardized
incidence rate of hospitalizations for acute pericarditis of 3.32
per 100,000 person-years.16 These data were limited to hospitalized
patients and therefore may account for only a minority of cases, as
many patients with pericarditis are commonly not admitted to hospital.
8,9,42,43 Men ages 16–65 years were at higher risk for pericarditis
(relative risk 2.02) than women in the general admitted
population, with the highest risk difference among young adults
compared with the overall population. Acute pericarditis caused
0.20% of all cardiovascular admissions. The proportion of caused admissions
declined by an estimated 51% per 10-year increase in age.
The in-hospital mortality rate for acute pericarditis was 1.1% and
was increased with age and severe co-infections (pneumonia or
septicaemia).16 However, this is a study based on hospital admissions
only. Recurrences affect about 30% of patients within
18 months after a first episode of acute pericarditis
ericarditis is the most common form of pericardial disease worldwide.1-10Pericarditis usually affects youngandmiddleaged individuals and frequently recurs.1,2 In a prospective, observational cohort study involving2general hospitals from an Italian urban area of 220 000 inhabitants, an incidence of 27.7 cases per100 000population per year was reported.3 Data from a Finnish national registry demonstrated a standardizedincidence rate ofhospitalizations for acute pericarditis of 3.32 per 100 000 personyears, with a higher proportion of men. Overall, pericarditis accounts for 0.2% of all hospital cardiovascular admissions4 and is diagnosed in approximately 5%of patients with nonischemic chest pain in emergency departments in North America and Western Europe.5,6 In developed countries, the in-hospital mortality rate is approximately 1.1%. Prognosis is determined in part by patient age and etiology.4,7
References
- ↑ Mercé J, Sagristà Sauleda J, Permanyer Miralda G, Carballo J, Olona M, Soler Soler J (2000). "[Pericardial effusion in the elderly: A different disease?]". Rev Esp Cardiol. 53 (11): 1432–6. PMID 11084000.
- ↑ Troughton RW, Asher CR, Klein AL (2004). "Pericarditis". Lancet. 363 (9410): 717–27. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15648-1. PMID 15001332.
- ↑ Little WC, Freeman GL (2006). "Pericardial disease". Circulation. 113 (12): 1622–32. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.561514. PMID 16567581.
- ↑ Imazio M, Brucato A, Adler Y, Brambilla G, Artom G, Cecchi E; et al. (2007). "Prognosis of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis as determined from previously published reports". Am J Cardiol. 100 (6): 1026–8. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.04.047. PMID 17826391.
- ↑ Sagristà-Sauleda J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J (1988). "Tuberculous pericarditis: ten year experience with a prospective protocol for diagnosis and treatment". J Am Coll Cardiol. 11 (4): 724–8. PMID 3351140.
- ↑ Chen Y, Brennessel D, Walters J, Johnson M, Rosner F, Raza M (1999). "Human immunodeficiency virus-associated pericardial effusion: report of 40 cases and review of the literature". Am Heart J. 137 (3): 516–21. PMID 10047635.
- ↑ Fowler NO (1991). "Tuberculous pericarditis". JAMA. 266 (1): 99–103. PMID 2046135.
- ↑ Reuter H, Burgess LJ, Doubell AF (2005). "Epidemiology of pericardial effusions at a large academic hospital in South Africa". Epidemiol Infect. 133 (3): 393–9. PMC 2870262. PMID 15962545.