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==Overview==
==Overview==
Pericarditis may be classified according to the composition of the inflammatory exudate into 6 subtypes: [[serous]], [[purulent]], [[fibrinous]], [[caseous]], [[hemorrhagic]], and post-infarction or [[Dressler's syndrome]].  Pericarditis can also be classified into acute and chronic forms, depending on the timing of presentation and duration.
'''Pericarditis''' may be classified according to the composition of the inflammatory exudate into 6 subtypes: [[serous]], [[purulent]], [[fibrinous]], [[caseous]], [[hemorrhagic]], and post-infarction or [[Dressler's syndrome]].  Pericarditis can also be classified into acute and chronic forms, depending on the timing of presentation and duration.


==Classification==
==Classification==
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{{familytree | | | | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | | C06 | | C07 | | C08 | | C09 | | C10 |C01=Viral:
{{familytree | | | | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | | C06 | | C07 | | C08 | | C09 | | C10 |C01='''Viral:'''
Enteroviruses (coxsackieviruses, echoviruses)
*Enteroviruses(coxsackieviruses, echoviruses)


Herpes viruses (EBV, CMV, HHV-6)  
*Herpes viruses(EBV, CMV, HHV-6)  


Adenoviruses
*Adenoviruses


Parvovirus B19|C02=Bacterial:  
*Parvovirus B19|C02='''Bacterial:'''
Mycobacterium tuberculosis  
*Mycobacterium tuberculosis  


Coxiella burnetii
*Coxiella burnetii


Borrelia burgdorferi|C03=Fungal:
*Borrelia burgdorferi|C03='''Fungal:'''
Histoplasma species  
*Histoplasma species  
    
    
Aspergillus species  
*Aspergillus species  


Blastomyces species  
*Blastomyces species  


Candida species|C04=Parasitic:
*Candida species|C04='''Parasitic:'''
Echinococcus species  
*Echinococcus species  


Toxoplasma species|C05=Autoimmune:
*Toxoplasma species|C05='''Autoimmune:'''
Systemic autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases
*Systemic autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases


Systemic vasculitides  
*Systemic vasculitides  


Sarcoidosis
*Sarcoidosis


Familial Mediterranean fever
*Familial Mediterranean fever


IBD
*IBD


Still disease|C06=Neoplastic:
*Still disease|C06='''Neoplastic:'''
Primary tumours (pericardial mesothelioma)
*Primary tumours (pericardial mesothelioma)


Secondary metastatic tumours ( lung and breast cancer, lymphoma).|C07=Metabolic:
*Secondary metastatic tumors( lung and breast cancer, lymphoma)|C07='''Metabolic:'''
Uraemia
**Uraemia


Myxoedema
**Myxoedema


Anorexia nervosa|C08=Traumatic and Iatrogenic|C09=Drug-related|C10=Others:  
**Anorexia nervosa|C08=Traumatic and Iatrogenic|C09=Drug-related|C10='''Others:'''
Amyloidosis
**Amyloidosis


Aortic dissection
**Aortic dissection


Pulmonary arterial
**Pulmonary arterial


Hypertension  
**Hypertension  


Chronic heart failure
**Chronic heart failure


Congenital absence of the pericardium}}
**Congenital absence of the pericardium}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{familytree/end}}
===Acute Versus Chronic Pericarditis===
===Acute Versus Chronic Pericarditis===

Revision as of 05:01, 4 December 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hardik Patel, M.D. Homa Najafi, M.D.[2]

Overview

Pericarditis may be classified according to the composition of the inflammatory exudate into 6 subtypes: serous, purulent, fibrinous, caseous, hemorrhagic, and post-infarction or Dressler's syndrome. Pericarditis can also be classified into acute and chronic forms, depending on the timing of presentation and duration.

Classification

Pericarditis can be classified according to the composition of the inflammatory exudate or the composition of the fluid that accumulates around the heart. Types include:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pericarditis classification based on etiology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Infectious causes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-infectious causes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Viral:
  • Enteroviruses(coxsackieviruses, echoviruses)
  • Herpes viruses(EBV, CMV, HHV-6)
  • Adenoviruses
  • Parvovirus B19
 
Bacterial:
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Coxiella burnetii
    • Borrelia burgdorferi
     
    Fungal:
  • Histoplasma species
    • Aspergillus species
    • Blastomyces species
    • Candida species
     
    Parasitic:
  • Echinococcus species
    • Toxoplasma species
     
    Autoimmune:
  • Systemic autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases
    • Systemic vasculitides
    • Sarcoidosis
    • Familial Mediterranean fever
    • IBD
    • Still disease
     
     
    Neoplastic:
  • Primary tumours (pericardial mesothelioma)
    • Secondary metastatic tumors( lung and breast cancer, lymphoma)
     
    Metabolic:
    • Uraemia
      • Myxoedema
      • Anorexia nervosa
     
    Traumatic and Iatrogenic
     
    Drug-related
     
    Others:
  • Amyloidosis
      • Aortic dissection
      • Pulmonary arterial
      • Hypertension
      • Chronic heart failure
      • Congenital absence of the pericardium

    Acute Versus Chronic Pericarditis

    Depending on the timing of presentation and duration, pericarditis can be classified into "acute" and "chronic" forms. Clinically, acute pericarditis presents between 6 weeks to 6 months of the disease onset; subacute pericarditis presents within 6 weeks to 6 months of the disease onset, and chronic pericarditis manifests after 6 months of the disease onset. Acute pericarditis is more common than chronic pericarditis, and often occurs as a complication of viral infections, immunologic conditions, or as a result of a heart attack (myocardial infarction). Chronic pericarditis is less common. It may manifest as scarring of the pericardium, which is a condition known as constrictive pericarditis.

    References