Osteoporosis Echocardiography or Ultrasound: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Osteoporosis}} | {{Osteoporosis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There are no [[echocardiography]] findings associated with [[osteoporosis]]. | There are no [[echocardiography]] findings associated with [[osteoporosis]]. | ||
Although [[Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry|dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)]] is the [[Gold standard (test)|gold standard]] method for measurement of [[Bone mineral density|bone mineral density (BMD)]] and also [[osteoporosis]], the limitations encountering its' usage may decrease the application and increase the need to find another [[modality]]. The limitations of [[Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry|DXA]] include [[ionizing radiation]] exposure, difficult portability due to huge size, and high cost. These problems have led to choose some methods with less harms and limitations, such as [[ultrasound]] (especially [[quantitative]]), which could diagnose [[osteoporosis]] with lower [[radiation]], lower price, and also higher availability. Most common site of [[ultrasound]] application is peripheral parts, such as [[calcaneus]] and [[Phalanx|phalanges]]. | |||
==Osteoporosis echocardiography or ultrasound== | ==Osteoporosis echocardiography or ultrasound== | ||
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=== Ultrasound === | === Ultrasound === | ||
* Although dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard method for measurement of bone | * Although [[Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry|dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)]] is the [[Gold standard (test)|gold standard]] method for measurement of [[Bone mineral density|bone mineral density (BMD)]] and also [[osteoporosis]], the limitations encountering its' usage may decrease the application and increase the need to find another [[modality]]. The limitations of [[Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry|DXA]] include [[ionizing radiation]] exposure, difficult portability due to huge size, and high cost. These problems have led to choose some methods with less harms and limitations, such as [[ultrasound]] (especially [[quantitative]]), which could diagnose [[osteoporosis]] with lower [[radiation]], lower price, and also higher availability.<ref name="pmid24349644">{{cite journal| author=Pisani P, Renna MD, Conversano F, Casciaro E, Muratore M, Quarta E et al.| title=Screening and early diagnosis of osteoporosis through X-ray and ultrasound based techniques. | journal=World J Radiol | year= 2013 | volume= 5 | issue= 11 | pages= 398-410 | pmid=24349644 | doi=10.4329/wjr.v5.i11.398 | pmc=3856332 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24349644 }}</ref> | ||
* The main place for application of ultrasound survey is calcaneus. The most important reasons that calcaneus was | * The main place for application of [[ultrasound]] survey is [[calcaneus]]. The most important reasons that [[calcaneus]] was chosen include easy accessibility, suitable shape with parallel dimensions, and also containing about 90% of [[Trabecular bone|trabecular bones]]; with metabolic activity as much as [[vertebrae]]. It would be one of the best bone turnover identifier in the [[skeleton]].<ref name="pmid147387922">{{cite journal |vauthors=Khaw KT, Reeve J, Luben R, Bingham S, Welch A, Wareham N, Oakes S, Day N |title=Prediction of total and hip fracture risk in men and women by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus: EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study |journal=Lancet |volume=363 |issue=9404 |pages=197–202 |year=2004 |pmid=14738792 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15325-1 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* The ultrasound is used especially for quantitative measures, such as structural features and elastic properties which can not surveyed through densitometry; particularly in | * The [[ultrasound]] is used especially for [[quantitative]] measures, such as structural features and [[Elastic properties of the elements (data page)|elastic properties]] which can not surveyed through [[densitometry]]; particularly in [[postmenopausal]] women.<ref name="pmid9785396">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hans D, Njeh CF, Genant HK, Meunier PJ |title=Quantitative ultrasound in bone status assessment |journal=Rev Rhum Engl Ed |volume=65 |issue=7-9 |pages=489–98 |year=1998 |pmid=9785396 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Studies have revealed that ultrasound could provide really good properties, such as mineralized matrix distribution in bone and the bone resistance for heavy weights based on trabecular characteristics (connectivity or thickness) and trabecular orientation, respectively.<ref name="pmid11148802">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barkmann R, Lüsse S, Stampa B, Sakata S, Heller M, Glüer CC |title=Assessment of the geometry of human finger phalanges using quantitative ultrasound in vivo |journal=Osteoporos Int |volume=11 |issue=9 |pages=745–55 |year=2000 |pmid=11148802 |doi=10.1007/s001980070053 |url=}}</ref> | * Studies have revealed that [[ultrasound]] could provide really good properties, such as mineralized [[matrix]] distribution in [[bone]] and the [[bone]] resistance for heavy weights based on [[Trabecular bone|trabecular bones]]' characteristics (connectivity or thickness) and [[Trabecular bone|trabecular bones]] orientation, respectively.<ref name="pmid11148802">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barkmann R, Lüsse S, Stampa B, Sakata S, Heller M, Glüer CC |title=Assessment of the geometry of human finger phalanges using quantitative ultrasound in vivo |journal=Osteoporos Int |volume=11 |issue=9 |pages=745–55 |year=2000 |pmid=11148802 |doi=10.1007/s001980070053 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* On the other hand, it has been found that calcaneus ultrasound can predict any fracture in calcaneus, phalanx, radius, and tibia.<ref name="pmid14738792">{{cite journal |vauthors=Khaw KT, Reeve J, Luben R, Bingham S, Welch A, Wareham N, Oakes S, Day N |title=Prediction of total and hip fracture risk in men and women by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus: EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study |journal=Lancet |volume=363 |issue=9404 |pages=197–202 |year=2004 |pmid=14738792 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15325-1 |url=}}</ref> | * On the other hand, it has been found that [[calcaneus]] [[ultrasound]] can predict any [[fracture]] in [[calcaneus]], [[phalanx]], [[radius]], and [[tibia]].<ref name="pmid14738792">{{cite journal |vauthors=Khaw KT, Reeve J, Luben R, Bingham S, Welch A, Wareham N, Oakes S, Day N |title=Prediction of total and hip fracture risk in men and women by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus: EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study |journal=Lancet |volume=363 |issue=9404 |pages=197–202 |year=2004 |pmid=14738792 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15325-1 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Another site with high percentage of cancellous bone is phalanx. When bone mass loss happened, the central cavities enlarged and cortical bones declined. Results of recent study have shown that phalanx ultrasound is a sensitive test for aging and also osteoporosis.<ref name="pmid12574870">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guglielmi G, Njeh CF, de Terlizzi F, De Serio DA, Scillitani A, Cammisa M, Fan B, Lu Y, Genant HK |title=Palangeal quantitative ultrasound, phalangeal morphometric variables, and vertebral fracture discrimination |journal=Calcif. Tissue Int. |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=469–77 |year=2003 |pmid=12574870 |doi=10.1007/s00223-001-1092-0 |url=}}</ref> The sensitivity of ultrasound in diagnosing osteoporosis was very good.<ref name="pmid10934660">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wüster C, Albanese C, De Aloysio D, Duboeuf F, Gambacciani M, Gonnelli S, Glüer CC, Hans D, Joly J, Reginster JY, De Terlizzi F, Cadossi R |title=Phalangeal osteosonogrammetry study: age-related changes, diagnostic sensitivity, and discrimination power. The Phalangeal Osteosonogrammetry Study Group |journal=J. Bone Miner. Res. |volume=15 |issue=8 |pages=1603–14 |year=2000 |pmid=10934660 |doi=10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.8.1603 |url=}}</ref> | * Another site with high percentage of [[cancellous bone]] is [[phalanx]]. When [[bone mass]] loss happened, the central cavities enlarged and [[Cortical bone|cortical bones]] declined. Results of recent study have shown that [[phalanx]] [[ultrasound]] is a [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitive]] test for aging and also [[osteoporosis]].<ref name="pmid12574870">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guglielmi G, Njeh CF, de Terlizzi F, De Serio DA, Scillitani A, Cammisa M, Fan B, Lu Y, Genant HK |title=Palangeal quantitative ultrasound, phalangeal morphometric variables, and vertebral fracture discrimination |journal=Calcif. Tissue Int. |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=469–77 |year=2003 |pmid=12574870 |doi=10.1007/s00223-001-1092-0 |url=}}</ref> The [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] of [[ultrasound]] in diagnosing [[osteoporosis]] was very good.<ref name="pmid10934660">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wüster C, Albanese C, De Aloysio D, Duboeuf F, Gambacciani M, Gonnelli S, Glüer CC, Hans D, Joly J, Reginster JY, De Terlizzi F, Cadossi R |title=Phalangeal osteosonogrammetry study: age-related changes, diagnostic sensitivity, and discrimination power. The Phalangeal Osteosonogrammetry Study Group |journal=J. Bone Miner. Res. |volume=15 |issue=8 |pages=1603–14 |year=2000 |pmid=10934660 |doi=10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.8.1603 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* There is more compatibility to use quantitative ultrasound in central sites of the body, which are main sites of the osteoporosis. | * There is more compatibility to use quantitative [[ultrasound]] in central sites of the body, which are main sites of the [[osteoporosis]]. | ||
==== New methods ==== | ==== New methods ==== | ||
* Barkmann has invented the fist quantitative ultrasound device specific for femoral neck BMD measurement (i.e., Femur Ultrasound Scaner, FemUS). The device consists of two ultrasound transducers which is submerged in water, | * Barkmann has invented the fist quantitative ultrasound device specific for [[Femur neck|femoral neck]] [[Bone mineral density|BMD]] measurement (i.e., [[Femur]] [[Ultrasound]] Scaner, FemUS). The device consists of two [[ultrasound]] transducers which is submerged in water, synchronicaly send and receive ultrasonic waves; monitoring the [[Bone mineral density|BMD]] measure as precise as [[Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry|DXA]] method. The main limitation of the device was probable sub-optimal function of transducers in various [[temperatures]] of containing water.<ref name="pmid19693640">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barkmann R, Dencks S, Laugier P, Padilla F, Brixen K, Ryg J, Seekamp A, Mahlke L, Bremer A, Heller M, Glüer CC |title=Femur ultrasound (FemUS)--first clinical results on hip fracture discrimination and estimation of femoral BMD |journal=Osteoporos Int |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=969–76 |year=2010 |pmid=19693640 |doi=10.1007/s00198-009-1037-4 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Recently, in Italy ultrasound has been used more in diagnosis of osteoporosis. In this method, primarily lumbar spine and femoral neck ultrasound scan was done; BMD, T-score, and Z-score concluded using an automated algorithm with application of both the echographic images and also the "raw" ultrasound signals. Then the concluded measures was compared to the DXA findings, showed correspondence of 86.1% in spine and 81% in femur.<ref name="pmid24349644" /> | * Recently, in Italy [[ultrasound]] has been used more in [[diagnosis]] of [[osteoporosis]]. In this method, primarily [[lumbar spine]] and [[Femur neck|femoral neck]] [[ultrasound]] scan was done; [[Bone mineral density|BMD]], T-score, and [[Z-score]] concluded using an automated algorithm with application of both the echographic images and also the "raw" [[ultrasound]] signals. Then the concluded measures was compared to the [[DXA]] findings, showed correspondence of 86.1% in spine and 81% in [[femur]].<ref name="pmid24349644" /> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:43, 8 August 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];
Overview
There are no echocardiography findings associated with osteoporosis.
Although dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard method for measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) and also osteoporosis, the limitations encountering its' usage may decrease the application and increase the need to find another modality. The limitations of DXA include ionizing radiation exposure, difficult portability due to huge size, and high cost. These problems have led to choose some methods with less harms and limitations, such as ultrasound (especially quantitative), which could diagnose osteoporosis with lower radiation, lower price, and also higher availability. Most common site of ultrasound application is peripheral parts, such as calcaneus and phalanges.
Osteoporosis echocardiography or ultrasound
Echocardiography
- There are no echocardiography findings associated with osteoporosis.
Ultrasound
- Although dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard method for measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) and also osteoporosis, the limitations encountering its' usage may decrease the application and increase the need to find another modality. The limitations of DXA include ionizing radiation exposure, difficult portability due to huge size, and high cost. These problems have led to choose some methods with less harms and limitations, such as ultrasound (especially quantitative), which could diagnose osteoporosis with lower radiation, lower price, and also higher availability.[1]
- The main place for application of ultrasound survey is calcaneus. The most important reasons that calcaneus was chosen include easy accessibility, suitable shape with parallel dimensions, and also containing about 90% of trabecular bones; with metabolic activity as much as vertebrae. It would be one of the best bone turnover identifier in the skeleton.[2]
- The ultrasound is used especially for quantitative measures, such as structural features and elastic properties which can not surveyed through densitometry; particularly in postmenopausal women.[3]
- Studies have revealed that ultrasound could provide really good properties, such as mineralized matrix distribution in bone and the bone resistance for heavy weights based on trabecular bones' characteristics (connectivity or thickness) and trabecular bones orientation, respectively.[4]
- On the other hand, it has been found that calcaneus ultrasound can predict any fracture in calcaneus, phalanx, radius, and tibia.[5]
- Another site with high percentage of cancellous bone is phalanx. When bone mass loss happened, the central cavities enlarged and cortical bones declined. Results of recent study have shown that phalanx ultrasound is a sensitive test for aging and also osteoporosis.[6] The sensitivity of ultrasound in diagnosing osteoporosis was very good.[7]
- There is more compatibility to use quantitative ultrasound in central sites of the body, which are main sites of the osteoporosis.
New methods
- Barkmann has invented the fist quantitative ultrasound device specific for femoral neck BMD measurement (i.e., Femur Ultrasound Scaner, FemUS). The device consists of two ultrasound transducers which is submerged in water, synchronicaly send and receive ultrasonic waves; monitoring the BMD measure as precise as DXA method. The main limitation of the device was probable sub-optimal function of transducers in various temperatures of containing water.[8]
- Recently, in Italy ultrasound has been used more in diagnosis of osteoporosis. In this method, primarily lumbar spine and femoral neck ultrasound scan was done; BMD, T-score, and Z-score concluded using an automated algorithm with application of both the echographic images and also the "raw" ultrasound signals. Then the concluded measures was compared to the DXA findings, showed correspondence of 86.1% in spine and 81% in femur.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pisani P, Renna MD, Conversano F, Casciaro E, Muratore M, Quarta E; et al. (2013). "Screening and early diagnosis of osteoporosis through X-ray and ultrasound based techniques". World J Radiol. 5 (11): 398–410. doi:10.4329/wjr.v5.i11.398. PMC 3856332. PMID 24349644.
- ↑ Khaw KT, Reeve J, Luben R, Bingham S, Welch A, Wareham N, Oakes S, Day N (2004). "Prediction of total and hip fracture risk in men and women by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus: EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study". Lancet. 363 (9404): 197–202. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15325-1. PMID 14738792.
- ↑ Hans D, Njeh CF, Genant HK, Meunier PJ (1998). "Quantitative ultrasound in bone status assessment". Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 65 (7–9): 489–98. PMID 9785396.
- ↑ Barkmann R, Lüsse S, Stampa B, Sakata S, Heller M, Glüer CC (2000). "Assessment of the geometry of human finger phalanges using quantitative ultrasound in vivo". Osteoporos Int. 11 (9): 745–55. doi:10.1007/s001980070053. PMID 11148802.
- ↑ Khaw KT, Reeve J, Luben R, Bingham S, Welch A, Wareham N, Oakes S, Day N (2004). "Prediction of total and hip fracture risk in men and women by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus: EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study". Lancet. 363 (9404): 197–202. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15325-1. PMID 14738792.
- ↑ Guglielmi G, Njeh CF, de Terlizzi F, De Serio DA, Scillitani A, Cammisa M, Fan B, Lu Y, Genant HK (2003). "Palangeal quantitative ultrasound, phalangeal morphometric variables, and vertebral fracture discrimination". Calcif. Tissue Int. 72 (4): 469–77. doi:10.1007/s00223-001-1092-0. PMID 12574870.
- ↑ Wüster C, Albanese C, De Aloysio D, Duboeuf F, Gambacciani M, Gonnelli S, Glüer CC, Hans D, Joly J, Reginster JY, De Terlizzi F, Cadossi R (2000). "Phalangeal osteosonogrammetry study: age-related changes, diagnostic sensitivity, and discrimination power. The Phalangeal Osteosonogrammetry Study Group". J. Bone Miner. Res. 15 (8): 1603–14. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.8.1603. PMID 10934660.
- ↑ Barkmann R, Dencks S, Laugier P, Padilla F, Brixen K, Ryg J, Seekamp A, Mahlke L, Bremer A, Heller M, Glüer CC (2010). "Femur ultrasound (FemUS)--first clinical results on hip fracture discrimination and estimation of femoral BMD". Osteoporos Int. 21 (6): 969–76. doi:10.1007/s00198-009-1037-4. PMID 19693640.