Nephrotic syndrome diagnostic study of choice: Difference between revisions

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{{Nephrotic syndrome}}
{{Nephrotic syndrome}}
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== Overview ==
== Overview ==
[[Proteinuria]] could be measured by 24-hour urine collection. Urine [[protein]] above 3.5 g/day is considered as nephrotic range [[proteinuria]]. Diagnostic study of choice for nephrotic syndrome is kidney [[biopsy]] that reveals the exact type of disease and the its progression.


== Diagnostic Study of Choice ==
== Diagnostic Study of Choice ==


=== Study of choice ===
=== Study of choice ===
* Kidney biopsy is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome.
* [[Proteinuria]] could be measured by 24-hour urine collection. Urine [[protein]] above 3.5 g/day is considered as nephrotic range [[proteinuria]].<ref name="Liebeskind2014">{{cite journal|last1=Liebeskind|first1=David S.|title=Nephrotic syndrome|volume=119|year=2014|pages=405–415|issn=00729752|doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00026-6}}</ref><ref name="SinhaBagga2012">{{cite journal|last1=Sinha|first1=Aditi|last2=Bagga|first2=Arvind|title=Nephrotic Syndrome|journal=The Indian Journal of Pediatrics|volume=79|issue=8|year=2012|pages=1045–1055|issn=0019-5456|doi=10.1007/s12098-012-0776-y}}</ref>
* The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
* Kidney [[biopsy]] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of the underlying cause of nephrotic syndrome.<ref name="pmid3341661">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Clinical competence in percutaneous renal biopsy. Health and Public Policy Committee. American College of Physicians |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=108 |issue=2 |pages=301–3 |date=February 1988 |pmid=3341661 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** Result 1
'''Relative contrandications of the kidney biopsy:'''
** Result 2
* The [name of the investigation] should be performed when:
*Single [[kidney]]
** The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1. 2, 3.
*Anatomic [[kidney]] abnormalities
** A positive [test] is detected in the patient.
* Small size [[kidneys]] (less than 9 cm), indicative of [[end stage renal disease]]
* [Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
* Renal tumor
* The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].
* Multiple, bilateral renal cysts
* There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].
* Active [[infection]] in the [[kidney]] or on the [[skin]] over the biopsy side
* There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
* Uncorrectable [[bleeding diathesis]]
* [Disease name] is mainly diagnosed based on clinical presentation.
* Severe uncontrolled [[hypertension]]
* Investigations:
** Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
** Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
** Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.
 
==== The comparison of various diagnostic studies for [disease name] ====
{|
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | Test
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Sensitivity
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specificity
|-
! style="background: #696969; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Test 1
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
|-
! style="background: #696969; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Test 2
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |✔
|}
<small> ✔= The best test based on the feature </small>
 
===== Diagnostic results =====
The following result of [investigation name] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
* Result 1
* Result 2
 
===== Sequence of Diagnostic Studies =====
The [name of investigation] should be performed when:
* The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1, 2, and 3 as the first step of diagnosis.
* A positive [test] is detected in the patient, to confirm the diagnosis.
 
*


* [[Hydronephrosis]]
* Uncooperative patient


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
 
{{WS}}
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]

Latest revision as of 22:57, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2]

Overview

Proteinuria could be measured by 24-hour urine collection. Urine protein above 3.5 g/day is considered as nephrotic range proteinuria. Diagnostic study of choice for nephrotic syndrome is kidney biopsy that reveals the exact type of disease and the its progression.

Diagnostic Study of Choice

Study of choice

  • Proteinuria could be measured by 24-hour urine collection. Urine protein above 3.5 g/day is considered as nephrotic range proteinuria.[1][2]
  • Kidney biopsy is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of the underlying cause of nephrotic syndrome.[3]

Relative contrandications of the kidney biopsy:

References

  1. Liebeskind, David S. (2014). "Nephrotic syndrome". 119: 405–415. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00026-6. ISSN 0072-9752.
  2. Sinha, Aditi; Bagga, Arvind (2012). "Nephrotic Syndrome". The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 79 (8): 1045–1055. doi:10.1007/s12098-012-0776-y. ISSN 0019-5456.
  3. "Clinical competence in percutaneous renal biopsy. Health and Public Policy Committee. American College of Physicians". Ann. Intern. Med. 108 (2): 301–3. February 1988. PMID 3341661.