Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging: Difference between revisions
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*T1: tumor is confined to the nasopharynx | *T1: tumor is confined to the nasopharynx | ||
*T2: tumor extends to soft tissues of the [[oropharynx]] and/or nasal fossa | *T2: tumor extends to soft tissues of the [[oropharynx]] and/or nasal fossa | ||
**T2a: without extension to the | **T2a: without extension to the parapharyngeal region | ||
**T2b: with extension to the parapharyngeal region | **T2b: with extension to the parapharyngeal region | ||
*T3: invasion of adjacent bony structures and/or [[paranasal sinuses]] | *T3: invasion of adjacent bony structures and/or [[paranasal sinuses]] | ||
Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
**[[hypopharynx]] | **[[hypopharynx]] | ||
**orbit | **orbit | ||
===Nodal status=== | ===Nodal status=== | ||
*Nx: nodes cannot be assessed | *Nx: nodes cannot be assessed |
Revision as of 20:35, 17 September 2015
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Microchapters |
Differentiating Nasopharyngeal carcinoma from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]
Overview
The staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is based on the TNM staging system.
Staging
The staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is based on the TNM staging system.
TNM staging
Primary tumor
- Tx: primary tumor cannot be assessed
- T0: no evidence of primary tumor
- Tis: carcinoma in situ
- T1: tumor is confined to the nasopharynx
- T2: tumor extends to soft tissues of the oropharynx and/or nasal fossa
- T2a: without extension to the parapharyngeal region
- T2b: with extension to the parapharyngeal region
- T3: invasion of adjacent bony structures and/or paranasal sinuses
- T4: invasion of any one or more of the following
- intracranial content
- cranial nerves
- infratemporal fossa/masticator space
- hypopharynx
- orbit
Nodal status
- Nx: nodes cannot be assessed
- N0: no evidence of nodal involvement
- N1: unilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supracalvicular fossa
- N2: bilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supracalvicular fossa
- N3
- N3a: >6 cm maximal diameter (unilateral or bilateral)
- N3b: involvement of the supracalvicular fossa
Metastases
- Mx: presence of metastases cannot be assessed
- M0: no evidence of metastases
- M1: distant metastases present
Stages of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Stage | T | N | M |
---|---|---|---|
0 | Tis | N0 | M0 |
I | T1 | N0 | M0 |
II | T2a | N0 | M0 |
II | T2b | N0 | M0 |
III | T3 | N0 | M0 |
T1 | N1 | M0 | |
T2 | N1 | M0 | |
T3 | N1 | M0 | |
IVA | T4a | N0 | M0 |
T4a | N1 | M0 | |
T1 | N2 | M0 | |
T2 | N2 | M0 | |
T3 | N2 | M0 | |
T4a | N2 | M0 | |
IVB | AnyT | N3 | M0 |
T4b | AnyN | M0 | |
IVC | AnyT | AnyN | M1 |