Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Nasopharyngeal carcinoma}} | {{Nasopharyngeal carcinoma}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{Faizan}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}}{{Faizan}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is staged using the TNM staging system with derived stage groupings. | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is staged using the TNM staging system with derived stage groupings. | ||
==Staging== | ==Staging== | ||
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is staged using the TNM staging system with derived stage groupings. | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is staged using the TNM staging system with derived stage groupings. | ||
==TNM staging== | ==TNM staging== | ||
===Primary tumor=== | ===Primary tumor=== | ||
*Tx: primary tumour cannot be assessed | *Tx: primary tumour cannot be assessed | ||
*T0: no evidence of primary tumour | *T0: no evidence of primary tumour | ||
*Tis: carcinoma in situ | *Tis: carcinoma in situ | ||
*T1: tumour is confined to the nasopharynx | *T1: tumour is confined to the nasopharynx | ||
*T2: tumour extends to soft tissues of the oropharynx and/or nasal fossa | *T2: tumour extends to soft tissues of the oropharynx and/or nasal fossa | ||
**T2a: without extension to the parapharyngeal region | **T2a: without extension to the parapharyngeal region | ||
**T2b: with extension to the parapharyngeal region | **T2b: with extension to the parapharyngeal region | ||
*T3: invasion of adjacent bony structures and/or paranasal sinuses | *T3: invasion of adjacent bony structures and/or paranasal sinuses | ||
*T4: invasion of any one or more of the following | *T4: invasion of any one or more of the following | ||
**intracranial content | **intracranial content | ||
**cranial nerves | **cranial nerves | ||
**infratemporal fossa/masticator space | **infratemporal fossa/masticator space | ||
**hypopharynx | **hypopharynx | ||
**orbit | **orbit | ||
===Nodal status=== | ===Nodal status=== | ||
*Nx: nodes cannot be assessed | *Nx: nodes cannot be assessed | ||
*N0: no evidence of nodal involvement | *N0: no evidence of nodal involvement | ||
*N1: unilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supracalvicular fossa | *N1: unilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supracalvicular fossa | ||
*N2: bilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supracalvicular fossa | *N2: bilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supracalvicular fossa | ||
*N3 | *N3 | ||
**N3a: >6 cm maximal diameter (unilateral or bilateral) | **N3a: >6 cm maximal diameter (unilateral or bilateral) | ||
**N3b: involvement of the supracalvicular fossa | **N3b: involvement of the supracalvicular fossa | ||
===Metastases=== | ===Metastases=== | ||
*Mx: presence of metastases cannot be assessed | *Mx: presence of metastases cannot be assessed | ||
*M0: no evidence of metastases | *M0: no evidence of metastases | ||
*M1: distant metastases present | *M1: distant metastases present | ||
===Stage groupings=== | ===Stage groupings=== | ||
*Stage 0: Tis, N0, M0 | *Stage 0: Tis, N0, M0 | ||
*Stage 1: T1, N0, M0 | *Stage 1: T1, N0, M0 | ||
*Stage 2a: T2a, N0, M0 | *Stage 2a: T2a, N0, M0 | ||
*Stage 2b: T2b, N0, M0 or T0-T2, N1, M0 | *Stage 2b: T2b, N0, M0 or T0-T2, N1, M0 | ||
*Stage 3: T3, N0-2, M0 or T0-T2, N2, M0 | *Stage 3: T3, N0-2, M0 or T0-T2, N2, M0 | ||
*Stage 4a: T4, N0-2, M0 | *Stage 4a: T4, N0-2, M0 | ||
*Stage 4b: any T, N3, M0 | *Stage 4b: any T, N3, M0 | ||
*Stage 4c: any T, any N, M1 | *Stage 4c: any T, any N, M1 | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 19:22, 8 September 2015
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Microchapters |
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Differentiating Nasopharyngeal carcinoma from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]
Overview
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is staged using the TNM staging system with derived stage groupings.
Staging
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is staged using the TNM staging system with derived stage groupings.
TNM staging
Primary tumor
- Tx: primary tumour cannot be assessed
- T0: no evidence of primary tumour
- Tis: carcinoma in situ
- T1: tumour is confined to the nasopharynx
- T2: tumour extends to soft tissues of the oropharynx and/or nasal fossa
- T2a: without extension to the parapharyngeal region
- T2b: with extension to the parapharyngeal region
- T3: invasion of adjacent bony structures and/or paranasal sinuses
- T4: invasion of any one or more of the following
- intracranial content
- cranial nerves
- infratemporal fossa/masticator space
- hypopharynx
- orbit
Nodal status
- Nx: nodes cannot be assessed
- N0: no evidence of nodal involvement
- N1: unilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supracalvicular fossa
- N2: bilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supracalvicular fossa
- N3
- N3a: >6 cm maximal diameter (unilateral or bilateral)
- N3b: involvement of the supracalvicular fossa
Metastases
- Mx: presence of metastases cannot be assessed
- M0: no evidence of metastases
- M1: distant metastases present
Stage groupings
- Stage 0: Tis, N0, M0
- Stage 1: T1, N0, M0
- Stage 2a: T2a, N0, M0
- Stage 2b: T2b, N0, M0 or T0-T2, N1, M0
- Stage 3: T3, N0-2, M0 or T0-T2, N2, M0
- Stage 4a: T4, N0-2, M0
- Stage 4b: any T, N3, M0
- Stage 4c: any T, any N, M1