Myocarditis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{Myocarditis}} | {{Myocarditis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} [[Varun Kumar]], M.B.B.S., {{CZ}}, {{Maliha}}{{Homa}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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===Etiology in Developing Countries=== | ===Etiology in Developing Countries=== | ||
In South America, [[Chagas' disease]] (caused by ''[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]'') is the main cause of myocarditis. Other causes in developing countries include [[rheumatic fever]]<ref name="pmid16253886">{{cite journal| author=Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M| title=The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 5 | issue= 11 | pages= 685-94 | pmid=16253886 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16253886 }} </ref> and [[HIV infection]]. | In South America, [[Chagas' disease]] (caused by ''[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]'') is the main cause of myocarditis. Other causes in developing countries include [[rheumatic fever]]<ref name="pmid16253886">{{cite journal| author=Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M| title=The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 5 | issue= 11 | pages= 685-94 | pmid=16253886 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16253886 }} </ref> and [[HIV infection]]. | ||
==Overview== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
===Incidence=== | |||
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | |||
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | |||
===Prevalence=== | |||
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | |||
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | |||
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually. | |||
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== | |||
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%. | |||
*The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range]. | |||
===Age=== | |||
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name]. | |||
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years. | |||
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age. | |||
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group]. | |||
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group]. | |||
===Race=== | |||
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name]. | |||
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name]. | |||
===Gender=== | |||
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally. | |||
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1. | |||
===Region=== | |||
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region]. | |||
*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2]. | |||
===Developed Countries=== | |||
===Developing Countries=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} |
Revision as of 22:33, 24 December 2019
Myocarditis Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S., Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Maliha Shakil, M.D. [3] Homa Najafi, M.D.[4]
Overview
In young adults, up to 20% of all cases of sudden death are due to myocarditis. Myocarditis is slightly more frequent among males than females.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
In routine autopsies, 1-9% of all patients had evidence of myocardial inflammation.
Age
In young adults, up to 20% of all cases of sudden death are due to myocarditis.
Gender
Myocarditis is slightly more frequent among males than females. This may be due to protection conferred by the ovarian cycle.[1]
Race
No difference in frequency of myocarditis has been observed between various races.
Etiology in Developed Countries
- Viral infections are the most common cause of myocarditis in developed countries.
- Common viral causes include coxsackie B and enterovirus.
- The frequency of dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to myocarditis is 7.5-10 per 100,000 individuals with enterovirus infections, with the Coxsackie-B viruses being the most common cause.[2]
- Recent studies show that adenovirus, parvovirus B19, hepatitis C, and human herpes virus 6 were the common causes for myocarditis.[3][4]
- Myocarditis secondary to lyme disease should be suspected in people traveling to regions where it is endemic, particularly if there are associated conduction abnormalities of the heart.[5]
Etiology in Developing Countries
In South America, Chagas' disease (caused by Trypanosoma cruzi) is the main cause of myocarditis. Other causes in developing countries include rheumatic fever[6] and HIV infection.
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Prevalence
- The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
- The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
- [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
- [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
Race
- There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ Schwartz J, Sartini D, Huber S (2004). "Myocarditis susceptibility in female mice depends upon ovarian cycle phase at infection". Virology. 330 (1): 16–23. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2004.06.051. PMID 15527830.
- ↑ Friman G, Wesslén L, Fohlman J, Karjalainen J, Rolf C (1995). "The epidemiology of infectious myocarditis, lymphocytic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy". Eur Heart J. 16 Suppl O: 36–41. PMID 8682098.
- ↑ Kindermann I, Kindermann M, Kandolf R, Klingel K, Bültmann B, Müller T; et al. (2008). "Predictors of outcome in patients with suspected myocarditis". Circulation. 118 (6): 639–48. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.769489. PMID 18645053. Unknown parameter
|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=
ignored (help) - ↑ Kühl U, Pauschinger M, Noutsias M, Seeberg B, Bock T, Lassner D; et al. (2005). "High prevalence of viral genomes and multiple viral infections in the myocardium of adults with "idiopathic" left ventricular dysfunction". Circulation. 111 (7): 887–93. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000155616.07901.35. PMID 15699250. Unknown parameter
|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=
ignored (help) - ↑ McAlister HF, Klementowicz PT, Andrews C, Fisher JD, Feld M, Furman S (1989). "Lyme carditis: an important cause of reversible heart block". Ann Intern Med. 110 (5): 339–45. PMID 2644885.
- ↑ Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M (2005). "The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases". Lancet Infect Dis. 5 (11): 685–94. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X. PMID 16253886.