Mitral regurgitation: Difference between revisions
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===[[Mitral Regurgitation Symptoms|Symptoms]]=== | ===[[Mitral Regurgitation Symptoms|Symptoms]]=== | ||
The symptoms associated with mitral regurgitation are dependent on which phase of the disease process the individual is in. | |||
Individuals with acute mitral regurgitation will have the signs and symptoms of decompensated [[congestive heart failure]] (ie: [[shortness of breath]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[orthopnea]], [[paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea]]), as well as symptoms suggestive of a low cardiac output state (ie: decreased exercise tolerance). Cardiovascular collapse with [[Shock (medical)|shock]] ([[cardiogenic shock]]) may be seen in individuals with acute mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle rupture or rupture of a chordae tendineae. | |||
Individuals with chronic compensated mitral regurgitation may be asymptomatic, with a normal exercise tolerance and no evidence of heart failure. These individuals may be sensitive to small shifts in their intravascular volume status, and are prone to develop volume overload ([[congestive heart failure]]). | |||
===[[Mitral Regurgitation Differential Diagnosis|Differential diagnosis]]=== | ===[[Mitral Regurgitation Differential Diagnosis|Differential diagnosis]]=== | ||
Revision as of 06:28, 23 February 2011
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Overview
Overview
Pathophysiology
Mechanisms
Pathophysiology
Acute Phase | Chronic compensated phase | Chronic decompensated phase
Etiology
Primary mitral regurgitation | Secondary mitral regurgitation
Diagnosis
Symptoms
The symptoms associated with mitral regurgitation are dependent on which phase of the disease process the individual is in. Individuals with acute mitral regurgitation will have the signs and symptoms of decompensated congestive heart failure (ie: shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea), as well as symptoms suggestive of a low cardiac output state (ie: decreased exercise tolerance). Cardiovascular collapse with shock (cardiogenic shock) may be seen in individuals with acute mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle rupture or rupture of a chordae tendineae.
Individuals with chronic compensated mitral regurgitation may be asymptomatic, with a normal exercise tolerance and no evidence of heart failure. These individuals may be sensitive to small shifts in their intravascular volume status, and are prone to develop volume overload (congestive heart failure).
Differential diagnosis
Electrocardiogram
Chest x-ray
Echocardiography
2-D Echocardiography
Rheumatic Mitral regurgitation | Myxomatous mitral valve | Annular calcification | Ischemic mitral regurgitation | Papillary muscle rupture | Functional mitral regurgitation
Severity Assessment
Colour flow mapping | Continuous wave doppler | Pulse wave Doppler | Vena contracta | Pulmonary Venous Flow | Regurgitant volume | Proximal isovelocity surface area | PISA radius | Regurgitant flow | Effective regurgitant orifice area | Diastolic Mitral Regurgitation
Quantification
Severity (Summary)
Treatment
Acute mitral regurgitation
Chronic mitral regurgitation
Surgical Options
Surgery Indications | Timing of surgery | ACC/AHA Guidelines