Kaposi's sarcoma: Difference between revisions

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'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''.  
__NOTOC__
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''.


{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
{{About1|Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus}}
  Name          = Kaposi's sarcoma |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|C|46||c|45}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|176}} |
  ICDO          = {{ICDO|9140|3}} |
  Image          = Kaposi’s sarcoma intraoral AIDS 072 lores.jpg |
  Caption        = <center>Intraoral Kaposi’s sarcoma lesion with an overlying [[candidiasis]] infection.</center>|
  OMIM          = 148000 |
  MedlinePlus    = 000661 |
  DiseasesDB    = 7105 |
}}
{{Kaposi's sarcoma}}
{{Kaposi's sarcoma}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{HL}} {{KS}} {{Rim}} {{ADS}} {{Hudakarman}}
 
{{SK}} Kaposi sarcoma; Kaposi sarcomas; Kaposi; KS; Multiple hemorrhagic sarcoma; Non-AIDS associated Kaposi sarcoma; AIDS associated Kaposi sarcoma, KHSV


{{Editor Help}}
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma overview|Overview]]==
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma overview|Overview]]==
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma classification|Classification]]==
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Kaposi's sarcoma from other Diseases]]==
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma screening|Screening]]==
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma screening|Screening]]==
 
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Kaposi's Sarcoma]]==
 
==[[Kaposi's sarcoma natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
[[Kaposi's sarcoma history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma staging|Staging]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma laboratory tests|Laboratory tests]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma x ray|X Rays]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma CT|CT]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma MRI|MRI]] [[Kaposi's sarcoma echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma other imaging findings|Other images]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma other diagnostic studies|Alternative diagnostics]]
[[Kaposi's sarcoma diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic Study of Choice]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma staging|Staging]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma echocardiograph and ultrasound|Echocardiograph and Ultrasound]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma CT|CT]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma mri|MRI]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Kaposi's sarcoma medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma primary prevention|Primary prevention]]  | [[Kaposi's sarcoma secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]
[[Kaposi's sarcoma medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma surgery|Surgery]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma primary prevention|Primary Prevention]]  | [[Kaposi's sarcoma secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Kaposi's sarcoma future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Treatment and prevention==
==Case Studies==
With the decrease in the death rate among AIDS patients receiving new treatments in the 1990s, the incidence and severity of epidemic KS also decreased. However, the number of patients living with AIDS is increasing substantially in the United States, and it is possible that the number of patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma will again rise as these patients live longer with HIV infection.
[[Kaposi's sarcoma case study one|Case #1]]
 
==History and theories==
The disease is named after [[Moritz Kaposi]] (1837&ndash;1902), a Hungarian [[dermatologist]] who first described the symptoms in 1872. Research over the next century suggested that KS, like some other forms of cancer, might be caused by a virus or genetic factors, but no definite cause was found.
 
With the rise of the AIDS epidemic, KS, as initially one of the most common AIDS symptoms, was researched more intensively in hopes that it might reveal the cause of AIDS.
 
In 1994, [[Yuan Chang]],  [[Patrick S. Moore]], and Ethel Cesarman at Columbia University in New York isolated genetic pieces of a virus from a KS lesion. They used [[representational difference analysis]] (a method to subtract out all of the human DNA from a sample) to isolate the viral genes. They then used these small DNA fragments as starting points to sequence the rest of the viral genome in 1996. This, the eighth human herpesvirus (HHV-8)&#151;now known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)&#151;has since been found in all KS lesions tested, and is considered the cause of the disease. KSHV is a unique human tumor virus that has incorporated cellular genes that cause tumors into its genome ("molecular piracy"); the stolen cellular genes may help the virus escape from the immune system, but in doing so it also causes cells to proliferate.  It is related to [[Epstein-Barr virus]], a very common herpesvirus that can also cause human cancers.
 
KSHV infection does not always lead to KS; it is still unclear what other factors may be required, such as pre-existing immune system damage, or a specific interaction with HIV or other viruses. However, research in Africa has shown that even in the absence of HIV/AIDS, KS is more common in men than women although KSHV infection is equal between both sexes.  This suggests that [[sex hormone]]s may either protect from or predispose to KS in persons infected with the virus.
 
==KS awareness==
In AIDS patients, Kaposi's sarcoma is considered an [[opportunistic infection]], ''i.e.,'' a disease that is able to gain a foothold in the body because the immune system has been weakened. With the rise of AIDS in Africa, where KSHV is widespread, KS has become the most frequently reported cancer in some countries, such as Zimbabwe.
 
Nigerian bandleader Fela Kuti succumbed to the disease in 1997.
 
Because of their highly visible nature, external lesions are sometimes the presenting symptom of AIDS. Kaposi's sarcoma entered the awareness of the general public with the release of the film ''Philadelphia'', in which the main character was fired after his employers found out he was HIV-positive due to visible lesions. Unfortunately, by the time KS lesions appear, it is likely that the immune system has already been severely weakened.


{{Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas}}
{{Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas}}
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[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Vascular medicine]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 18:55, 8 October 2019

For patient information click here.

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease.  For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2] Kiran Singh, M.D. [3] Rim Halaby, M.D. [4] Amandeep Singh M.D.[5] Huda A. Karman, M.D.

Synonyms and keywords: Kaposi sarcoma; Kaposi sarcomas; Kaposi; KS; Multiple hemorrhagic sarcoma; Non-AIDS associated Kaposi sarcoma; AIDS associated Kaposi sarcoma, KHSV

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Differentiating Kaposi's sarcoma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice | Staging | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | Echocardiograph and Ultrasound | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

cs:Kaposiho sarkom de:Kaposi-Sarkom it:Sarcoma di Kaposi he:סרקומת קפוסי hu:Kaposi-szarkóma nl:Kaposisarcoom sr:Капошијев сарком fi:Kaposin sarkooma sv:Kaposis sarkom


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