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==Overview==
==Overview==
Irritable Bowel syndrome (IBS) was first mentioned in the Rocky Mountain Medical Journal in 1950. [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] was described as a [[Psychosomatic illness|psychosomatic]] disorder, not explained by any [[Biochemistry|biochemical]] or [[Structural biology|structural]] abnormalities. Apley and Nash conducted a famous study on 1000 children in Bristol, United Kingdom and were the first to describe recurrent [[abdominal]] [[pain]] (RAP) as the predominant feature of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]]. In 1978, the first [[Diagnostic|diagnostic criteria]] i.e. the [[Manning criteria|Manning]] [[Criterion|criteria]] was described. It did not specify any required duration for the [[symptoms]] of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]]. The subsequent [[Criterion|criteria]] saw a reduction in the required duration of [[Symptom|symptoms]] to facilitate early [[diagnosis]] and [[Treatment Planning|treatment]]. In Rome in 1995, an international group of [[Gastroenterologist|gastroenterologists]] defined the [[Diagnosis|diagnostic criteria]] for IBS and this was published in 1999 under the title of the Rome II [[Criterion|criteria]]. This [[Criterion|criteria]] underwent modification and was described as the Rome III [[Criterion|criteria]]. Since June 2016, the [[Criterion|criteria]] being followed is the Rome IV [[Criterion|criteria]].


==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==


===Discovery===
===Discovery===
* The first ever mention of the concept of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|Irritable Bowel syndrome]](IBS) without the recognition of any particular [[etiology]] was in the ''Rocky Mountain Medical Journal'' in 1950. In this article, IBS was described as a [[Psychosomatic illness|psychosomatic]] disorder, not explained by any [[Biochemistry|biochemical]] or [[Structural biology|structural]] abnormalities. <ref name="pmid15418074">{{cite journal |vauthors=BROWN PW |title=The irritable bowel syndrome |journal=Rocky Mt Med J |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=343–6 |year=1950 |pmid=15418074 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In 1950, the concept of irritable bowel syndrome ([[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]]) was mentioned for the first time without the recognition of any particular [[etiology]], in the ''Rocky Mountain Medical Journal.''
* Apley and Nash conducted a study on 1000 children in Bristol, United Kingdom and were the first to describe Recurrent Abdominal Pain (RAP), as the predominant feature of IBS. RAP was defined as pain in the abdomen occurring over a duration of at least 3 months, with the severity enough to cause significant impairment of function.<ref name="pmid13534750">{{cite journal |vauthors=APLEY J, NAISH N |title=Recurrent abdominal pains: a field survey of 1,000 school children |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. |volume=33 |issue=168 |pages=165–70 |year=1958 |pmid=13534750 |pmc=2012205 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*  IBS was described as a [[Psychosomatic illness|psychosomatic]] disorder, not explained by any [[Biochemistry|biochemical]] or [[Structural biology|structural]] abnormalities. <ref name="pmid15418074">{{cite journal |vauthors=BROWN PW |title=The irritable bowel syndrome |journal=Rocky Mt Med J |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=343–6 |year=1950 |pmid=15418074 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* IBS was not recognized in children prior to 1995 and affected children were diagnosed with RAP instead.  
* In 1958, Apley and Nash conducted a study on 1000 children in Bristol, United Kingdom and were the first to describe Recurrent [[Abdominal pain|Abdominal Pain]] (RAP), as the predominant feature of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]].
* In Rome in 1995, an international group of [[Pediatrics|pediatric]] [[gastroenterologists]] defined the diagnostic criteria for IBS and this was published in 1999 under the title of the Rome II criteria.  
* Recurrent [[abdominal pain]] was defined as [[Abdominal pain|pain in the abdomen]] occurring over a duration of at least 3 months, with the severity enough to cause significant impairment of [[Function (biology)|function]].<ref name="pmid13534750">{{cite journal |vauthors=APLEY J, NAISH N |title=Recurrent abdominal pains: a field survey of 1,000 school children |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. |volume=33 |issue=168 |pages=165–70 |year=1958 |pmid=13534750 |pmc=2012205 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15290263">{{cite journal |vauthors=El-Matary W, Spray C, Sandhu B |title=Irritable bowel syndrome: the commonest cause of recurrent abdominal pain in children |journal=Eur. J. Pediatr. |volume=163 |issue=10 |pages=584–8 |year=2004 |pmid=15290263 |doi=10.1007/s00431-004-1503-0 |url=}}</ref>
* This criteria underwent modification with the reduction of symptom duration from three to two months to allow for early intervention and described as the Rome III criteria. Unlike the Manning criteria, incomplete sense of evacuation is not included under the Rome III criteria.<ref name="pmid16678566">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, Guiraldes E, Hyams JS, Staiano A, Walker LS |title=Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=130 |issue=5 |pages=1527–37 |year=2006 |pmid=16678566 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.063 |url=}}</ref>
==Landmark Events==
* All the criteria described for IBS are listed below in reverse chronological order:
* In 1978, the first diagnostic criteria i.e. the [[Manning criteria]] was described. It did not specify any required duration for the [[symptoms]] of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]].
{| class="wikitable"
* In 1984, the ''Kruris'' criteria for IBS specified a duration of at least two years of [[Symptom|symptoms]] necessary for diagnosis.
!Diagnostic criteria
* In 1990, the ''Rome'' criteria reduced [[symptom]] duration to a period of three months to facilitate early [[diagnosis]] and [[Intervention (counseling)|intervention]].
!Symptoms, signs and labs
* In 1995, an international group of [[Gastroenterologist|gastroenterologists]] met in Rome and defined the [[Diagnosis|diagnostic criteria]] for [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]]. [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] was not recognized in children prior to 1995 and affected children were diagnosed with recurrent [[abdominal pain]] (RAP) instead.  
|-
* In 1999, the [[Diagnosis|diagnostic criteria]] for IBS was published under the title of the ''Rome II'' [[Criterion|criteria]].  
|2016: Rome IV
* In 2006, the [[Diagnosis|diagnostic criteria]] for IBS underwent modification with the reduction of [[symptom]] duration from three to two months in [[Pediatrics|pediatric]] patients to allow for early intervention (''Rome  Ⅲ''). Unlike the [[Manning criteria]], incomplete sense of [[Defecation|evacuation]] is not included under the Rome III criteria.<ref name="pmid16678566">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, Guiraldes E, Hyams JS, Staiano A, Walker LS |title=Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=130 |issue=5 |pages=1527–37 |year=2006 |pmid=16678566 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.063 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29072609">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lacy BE, Patel NK |title=Rome Criteria and a Diagnostic Approach to Irritable Bowel Syndrome |journal=J Clin Med |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=29072609 |doi=10.3390/jcm6110099 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28875974">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iwańczak B, Iwańczak F |title=[Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents. The Rome IV criteria] |language=Polish |journal=Pol. Merkur. Lekarski |volume=43 |issue=254 |pages=75–82 |year=2017 |pmid=28875974 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28643273">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghoshal UC |title=Chronic constipation in Rome IV era: The Indian perspective |journal=Indian J Gastroenterol |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=163–173 |year=2017 |pmid=28643273 |doi=10.1007/s12664-017-0757-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28672432">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghoshal UC |title=Pros and Cons While Looking Through an Asian Window on the Rome IV Criteria for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Pros |journal=J Neurogastroenterol Motil |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=334–340 |year=2017 |pmid=28672432 |pmc=5503282 |doi=10.5056/jnm17020 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27477090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saps M, van Tilburg MA, Lavigne JV, Miranda A, Benninga MA, Taminiau JA, Di Lorenzo C |title=Recommendations for pharmacological clinical trials in children with irritable bowel syndrome: the Rome foundation pediatric subcommittee on clinical trials |journal=Neurogastroenterol. Motil. |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=1619–1631 |year=2016 |pmid=27477090 |doi=10.1111/nmo.12896 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22632582">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dang J, Ardila-Hani A, Amichai MM, Chua K, Pimentel M |title=Systematic review of diagnostic criteria for IBS demonstrates poor validity and utilization of Rome III |journal=Neurogastroenterol. Motil. |volume=24 |issue=9 |pages=853–e397 |year=2012 |pmid=22632582 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01943.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14502111">{{cite journal |vauthors=Olden KW |title=The challenge of diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome |journal=Rev Gastroenterol Disord |volume=3 Suppl 3 |issue= |pages=S3–11 |year=2003 |pmid=14502111 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
|To establish the diagnosis, the patient must have recurrent pain in the abdomen (On an average, ≥1 day per week, in the previous 3 months) with an onset of ≥6 months before diagnosis-
 
Pain in the abdomen must be associated with at least two of the following:
# Change in stool frequency
# Change in stool appearance or form
# Pain related to defecation
Patient must have none of the following warning signs:
# Unintentional loss of weight
# Age ≥50 years, without previous colon cancer screening
# Recent change in bowel habit
# Hematochezia or melena i.e. evidence of overt gastrointestinal bleeding
# Nocturnal pain in the abdomen or passage of stools
# History of inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer in the family
# Palpable abdominal mass or presence of lymphadenopathy
# Positive fecal occult blood test
# Blood testing showing evidence of iron deficiency anemia
|-
|2006: Rome Ⅲ
|Recurrent pain in the abdomen or discomfort at least once per week, for two months associated with two or more of the following(should be present  for at least twenty five percent of the time)
#   Onset of symptoms associated with a change in stool form(alternating between diarrhea and constipation)
#  Onset of symptoms associated with a change in stool frequency
#   Improvement with defecation
#   Absence of evidence of anatomic, inflammatory, neoplastic or metabolic causes to explain the symptoms
|-
|1999: Rome Ⅱ
|Pain in the abdomen or abdominal discomfort that has two of the following three features for twelve weeks(which may not be consecutive) in the last one year:
# Onset associated with a change in stool form
# Onset associated with alterations in stool frequency
# Relief with defecation
|-
|1990: Rome Ⅰ
|Abdominal discomfort or pain relieved with defecation or associated with change in frequency or consistency of stool in addition to two or more of the following (on at least twenty five percent of occasions/days for three months):
 
1.     Altered stool form
 
2.     Altered stool frequency
 
3.     Altered stool passage
 
4.     Passage of mucus in stool
 
5.     Abdominal bloating or distension
|-
|1984: Kruis
|Symptoms of IBS must be present for more than two years. These symptoms include the following:
 
1.     Pain in the abdomen, flatulence
 
2.     Alternating constipation and diarrhea
 
Signs that exclude IBS are determined by the physician. They are as follows:
 
1.     Abnormal physical findings and/or history suggestive of any other diagnosis
 
2.     ESR more than 20mm/2h
 
3.     Anemia(Hemoglobin < 12 for women or < 14 for men)
 
4.     Leukocytosis > 10000/cc
 
5.     Bleeding per rectum found on physical exam
|-
|1978: Manning
|A threshold of at least three positive symptoms needs to be present to diagnose IBS with no duration of symptoms described under this classification.
 
1)     Loose stools with onset of pain
 
2)     Increased frequency of stools with onset of pain
 
3)     Mucus per rectum
 
4)     Visible distension of abdomen reported by the patient
 
5)     Pain in the abdomen relieved by defecation
 
6)     Sensation of incomplete evacuation
|}
 
==Outbreaks==
*There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below:
 
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies==
*In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
 
==Impact on Cultural History==
 


==Famous Cases==
==Famous Cases==
*The following are a few famous cases of [[disease name]]:
*The following are a few famous cases of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]]:
**Adolf Hitler
**John F Kennedy
**Kurt Cobain
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 22:07, 1 December 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sudarshana Datta, MD [2]

Overview

Irritable Bowel syndrome (IBS) was first mentioned in the Rocky Mountain Medical Journal in 1950. IBS was described as a psychosomatic disorder, not explained by any biochemical or structural abnormalities. Apley and Nash conducted a famous study on 1000 children in Bristol, United Kingdom and were the first to describe recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) as the predominant feature of IBS. In 1978, the first diagnostic criteria i.e. the Manning criteria was described. It did not specify any required duration for the symptoms of IBS. The subsequent criteria saw a reduction in the required duration of symptoms to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. In Rome in 1995, an international group of gastroenterologists defined the diagnostic criteria for IBS and this was published in 1999 under the title of the Rome II criteria. This criteria underwent modification and was described as the Rome III criteria. Since June 2016, the criteria being followed is the Rome IV criteria.

Historical Perspective

Discovery

  • In 1950, the concept of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was mentioned for the first time without the recognition of any particular etiology, in the Rocky Mountain Medical Journal.
  •  IBS was described as a psychosomatic disorder, not explained by any biochemical or structural abnormalities. [1]
  • In 1958, Apley and Nash conducted a study on 1000 children in Bristol, United Kingdom and were the first to describe Recurrent Abdominal Pain (RAP), as the predominant feature of IBS.
  • Recurrent abdominal pain was defined as pain in the abdomen occurring over a duration of at least 3 months, with the severity enough to cause significant impairment of function.[2][3]

Landmark Events

Famous Cases

  • The following are a few famous cases of IBS:
    • Adolf Hitler
    • John F Kennedy
    • Kurt Cobain

References

  1. ↑ BROWN PW (1950). "The irritable bowel syndrome". Rocky Mt Med J. 47 (5): 343–6. PMID 15418074.
  2. ↑ APLEY J, NAISH N (1958). "Recurrent abdominal pains: a field survey of 1,000 school children". Arch. Dis. Child. 33 (168): 165–70. PMC 2012205. PMID 13534750.
  3. ↑ El-Matary W, Spray C, Sandhu B (2004). "Irritable bowel syndrome: the commonest cause of recurrent abdominal pain in children". Eur. J. Pediatr. 163 (10): 584–8. doi:10.1007/s00431-004-1503-0. PMID 15290263.
  4. ↑ Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, Guiraldes E, Hyams JS, Staiano A, Walker LS (2006). "Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent". Gastroenterology. 130 (5): 1527–37. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.063. PMID 16678566.
  5. ↑ Lacy BE, Patel NK (2017). "Rome Criteria and a Diagnostic Approach to Irritable Bowel Syndrome". J Clin Med. 6 (11). doi:10.3390/jcm6110099. PMID 29072609.
  6. ↑ Iwańczak B, Iwańczak F (2017). "[Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents. The Rome IV criteria]". Pol. Merkur. Lekarski (in Polish). 43 (254): 75–82. PMID 28875974.
  7. ↑ Ghoshal UC (2017). "Chronic constipation in Rome IV era: The Indian perspective". Indian J Gastroenterol. 36 (3): 163–173. doi:10.1007/s12664-017-0757-1. PMID 28643273.
  8. ↑ Ghoshal UC (2017). "Pros and Cons While Looking Through an Asian Window on the Rome IV Criteria for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Pros". J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 23 (3): 334–340. doi:10.5056/jnm17020. PMC 5503282. PMID 28672432.
  9. ↑ Saps M, van Tilburg MA, Lavigne JV, Miranda A, Benninga MA, Taminiau JA, Di Lorenzo C (2016). "Recommendations for pharmacological clinical trials in children with irritable bowel syndrome: the Rome foundation pediatric subcommittee on clinical trials". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 28 (11): 1619–1631. doi:10.1111/nmo.12896. PMID 27477090.
  10. ↑ Dang J, Ardila-Hani A, Amichai MM, Chua K, Pimentel M (2012). "Systematic review of diagnostic criteria for IBS demonstrates poor validity and utilization of Rome III". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 24 (9): 853–e397. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01943.x. PMID 22632582.
  11. ↑ Olden KW (2003). "The challenge of diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome". Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 3 Suppl 3: S3–11. PMID 14502111.

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