Iron deficiency anemia history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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{{Iron deficiency anemia}}
{{Iron deficiency anemia}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JSS}}


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==Overview==
Iron deficiency anemia may be asymptomatic, or present with very few symptoms or very severe weakness depending on the severity of anemia.


{{CMG}}
==History and Symptoms==


==Overview==
=== History ===
Symptoms of iron deficiency are not unique to iron deficiency (i.e. not [[pathognomonic]]). Iron is needed for many enzymes to function normally, so a wide range of symptoms may eventually emerge, either as the secondary result of the anemia, or as other primary results of iron deficiency. Iron deficiency represents a spectrum ranging from iron depletion, which causes no physiological impairments, to iron-deficiency anemia, which affects the functioning of several organ systems.
The patients of iron deficiency anemia may present with a positive history of<ref name="pmid21208814">{{cite journal| author=Price EA, Mehra R, Holmes TH, Schrier SL| title=Anemia in older persons: etiology and evaluation. | journal=Blood Cells Mol Dis | year= 2011 | volume= 46 | issue= 2 | pages= 159-65 | pmid=21208814 | doi=10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.11.004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21208814  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2681511">{{cite journal| author=Cook JD, Skikne BS| title=Iron deficiency: definition and diagnosis. | journal=J Intern Med | year= 1989 | volume= 226 | issue= 5 | pages= 349-55 | pmid=2681511 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2681511  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26314490">{{cite journal| author=Lopez A, Cacoub P, Macdougall IC, Peyrin-Biroulet L| title=Iron deficiency anaemia. | journal=Lancet | year= 2016 | volume= 387 | issue= 10021 | pages= 907-16 | pmid=26314490 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60865-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26314490  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26637694">{{cite journal| author=Camaschella C| title=Iron deficiency: new insights into diagnosis and treatment. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages= 8-13 | pmid=26637694 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.8 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26637694  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2585159">{{cite journal| author=Rector WG| title=Pica: its frequency and significance in patients with iron-deficiency anemia due to chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. | journal=J Gen Intern Med | year= 1989 | volume= 4 | issue= 6 | pages= 512-3 | pmid=2585159 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2585159  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10903283">{{cite journal| author=Simpson E, Mull JD, Longley E, East J| title=Pica during pregnancy in low-income women born in Mexico. | journal=West J Med | year= 2000 | volume= 173 | issue= 1 | pages= 20-4; discussion 25 | pmid=10903283 | doi= | pmc=1070964 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10903283  }} </ref><ref name="pmid7732338">{{cite journal| author=Corazza GR, Valentini RA, Andreani ML, D'Anchino M, Leva MT, Ginaldi L et al.| title=Subclinical coeliac disease is a frequent cause of iron-deficiency anaemia. | journal=Scand J Gastroenterol | year= 1995 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 153-6 | pmid=7732338 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7732338 }} </ref>:
* [[Pregnancy]]
* Growth age ([[Adolescence|adolescence)]]
* [[Bleeding]] (internal or external)
* [[Malabsorption]]
* Decreased dietary intake
* [[Nephrology|Kidney disease]]
* [[Chronic (medical)|Chronic disease]]
* Contaminated food or water consumption


==Symptoms==
=== Common symptoms ===
Symptoms of iron deficiency can occur even before the condition has  progressed to [[iron deficiency anemia]]. Symptoms of iron deficiency are not unique to iron deficiency. Iron is needed for many enzymes to function normally, so a wide range of symptoms may eventually emerge, either as the secondary result of the anemia, or as other primary results of iron deficiency. Main symptoms of iron deficiency include:
* [[Fatigue (physical)|Fatigue]]
* [[Fatigue (physical)|Fatigue]]
* [[Irritability]]
* [[Irritability]]
* [[Weakness]]
* [[Weakness]]
* [[Pica (disorder)|Pica]]
* [[Pica (disorder)|Mud and ice craving]]
* [[Dyspnea]]
* [[Dyspnea|Breathlessness]]
* [[Hair loss]]
* [[Hair loss]]
* [[Lightheadedness]]
* [[Lightheadedness]]
* [[Palpitations]]
* F[[Fainting|ainting]]
* Missed [[menstrual cycle]]
*Heavy menstrual cycle
*Weak/ brittle [[Nail (anatomy)|nails]]
*Slow social development
*[[Lethargy]]
*[[Pallor|Poor skin color]]
*Loss of desire for food


Other symptoms patients with iron deficiency anemia have reported are:
*Sore tongue


=== Less common symptoms ===
*[[Constipation]]
*[[Constipation]]
*[[Tinnitus]]
*[[Tinnitus]]
*[[Palpitations]]
*Seeing bright colors
*Seeing bright colors
*[[Fainting]], feeling faint
*[[Depression (mood)|Depression]]
*[[Depression (mood)|Depression]]
*[[Weakness]]
*[[Breathlessness]]
*[[Twitching]] [[nerves]], [[tingling]], [[numbness]]
*[[Twitching]] [[nerves]], [[tingling]], [[numbness]]
*Burning sensations
*Burning sensations
*[[Sleep apnea]] (rare)
*[[Sleep apnea]]  
*Missed menstrual cycle
*Heavy menstrual cycle
*Weak/ brittle nails
*Slow social development
*[[Lethargy]]
*Hair loss
*Sore tongue
*Poor skin color
*Weak immune system
*[[Exhaustion]]
*Loss of desire for food


==Age Specific Presentation==
==Age Specific Presentation==
Line 48: Line 52:
* Iron-deficiency anemia was defined as a Hb concentration of less than or equal to 10.0 g/dL or less than or equal to 10.5 g/dL
* Iron-deficiency anemia was defined as a Hb concentration of less than or equal to 10.0 g/dL or less than or equal to 10.5 g/dL
* Developmental delays
* Developmental delays
* Behavioral disturbances (e.g., decreased motor activity, social interaction, and attention to tasks)
* Behavioral disturbances<ref name="pmid23735056">{{cite journal| author=Chen MH, Su TP, Chen YS, Hsu JW, Huang KL, Chang WH et al.| title=Association between psychiatric disorders and iron deficiency anemia among children and adolescents: a nationwide population-based study. | journal=BMC Psychiatry | year= 2013 | volume= 13 | issue=  | pages= 161 | pmid=23735056 | doi=10.1186/1471-244X-13-161 | pmc=3680022 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23735056  }} </ref> (e.g., decreased motor activity, social interaction, and attention to tasks)
* Iron-deficiency anemia also contributes to lead poisoning in children by increasing the gastrointestinal tract's ability to absorb heavy metals, including lead.
* Iron-deficiency anemia also contributes to lead poisoning in children by increasing the gastrointestinal tract's ability to absorb heavy metals, including lead.


===Adults (persons aged greater than or equal to 18 years)===
===Adults (persons aged greater than or equal to 18 years)===
* Decreased functional capacity
* Decreased functional capacity
===Pregnant Female===
===Pregnant Female===
* iron-deficiency anemia during the first two trimesters of pregnancy is associated with a twofold increased risk for preterm delivery and a threefold increased risk for delivering a low-birthweight baby.
* Iron-deficiency anemia during the first two trimesters of pregnancy is associated with a twofold increased risk for preterm delivery and a threefold increased risk for delivering a low-birthweight baby.


==External link==
==External Link==
[http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051880.htm Center for disease control and prevention]
[http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051880.htm Center for disease control and prevention]
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
 
[[Category:Needs content]]
 
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]

Latest revision as of 22:25, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jogeet Singh Sekhon, M.D. [2]

Overview

Iron deficiency anemia may be asymptomatic, or present with very few symptoms or very severe weakness depending on the severity of anemia.

History and Symptoms

History

The patients of iron deficiency anemia may present with a positive history of[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]:

Common symptoms

  • Sore tongue

Less common symptoms

Age Specific Presentation

Infants (age 0-12 months) and Preschool Children (age 1-5 years)

  • Iron-deficiency anemia was defined as a Hb concentration of less than or equal to 10.0 g/dL or less than or equal to 10.5 g/dL
  • Developmental delays
  • Behavioral disturbances[8] (e.g., decreased motor activity, social interaction, and attention to tasks)
  • Iron-deficiency anemia also contributes to lead poisoning in children by increasing the gastrointestinal tract's ability to absorb heavy metals, including lead.

Adults (persons aged greater than or equal to 18 years)

  • Decreased functional capacity

Pregnant Female

  • Iron-deficiency anemia during the first two trimesters of pregnancy is associated with a twofold increased risk for preterm delivery and a threefold increased risk for delivering a low-birthweight baby.

External Link

Center for disease control and prevention

References

  1. ↑ Price EA, Mehra R, Holmes TH, Schrier SL (2011). "Anemia in older persons: etiology and evaluation". Blood Cells Mol Dis. 46 (2): 159–65. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.11.004. PMID 21208814.
  2. ↑ Cook JD, Skikne BS (1989). "Iron deficiency: definition and diagnosis". J Intern Med. 226 (5): 349–55. PMID 2681511.
  3. ↑ Lopez A, Cacoub P, Macdougall IC, Peyrin-Biroulet L (2016). "Iron deficiency anaemia". Lancet. 387 (10021): 907–16. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60865-0. PMID 26314490.
  4. ↑ Camaschella C (2015). "Iron deficiency: new insights into diagnosis and treatment". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2015: 8–13. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.8. PMID 26637694.
  5. ↑ Rector WG (1989). "Pica: its frequency and significance in patients with iron-deficiency anemia due to chronic gastrointestinal blood loss". J Gen Intern Med. 4 (6): 512–3. PMID 2585159.
  6. ↑ Simpson E, Mull JD, Longley E, East J (2000). "Pica during pregnancy in low-income women born in Mexico". West J Med. 173 (1): 20–4, discussion 25. PMC 1070964. PMID 10903283.
  7. ↑ Corazza GR, Valentini RA, Andreani ML, D'Anchino M, Leva MT, Ginaldi L; et al. (1995). "Subclinical coeliac disease is a frequent cause of iron-deficiency anaemia". Scand J Gastroenterol. 30 (2): 153–6. PMID 7732338.
  8. ↑ Chen MH, Su TP, Chen YS, Hsu JW, Huang KL, Chang WH; et al. (2013). "Association between psychiatric disorders and iron deficiency anemia among children and adolescents: a nationwide population-based study". BMC Psychiatry. 13: 161. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-161. PMC 3680022. PMID 23735056.

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