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{{Hypopharyngeal cancer}}
{{Hypopharyngeal cancer}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{Faizan}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{G.D.}}, {{Faizan}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
The hallmark of hypopharyngeal cancer is dysphagia. A positive history of [[odynophagia]] and [[hoarseness]] is suggestive of hypopharyngeal cancer. Common symptoms include a lump in the neck, [[dysphagia]], and [[hoarseness]].
The hallmark of hypopharyngeal cancer is [[dysphagia]]. A positive history of [[tobacco]] use and abuse of [[alcohol]] consumption along with common [[symptoms]] of [[lump]] in the [[neck]], [[odynophagia]], [[dysphagia]], and [[hoarseness]] are suggestive of hypopharyngeal cancer.  


==History and symptoms==
==History and symptoms==
Common symptoms of hypopharyngeal cancer include<ref name="PracyLoughran2016">{{cite journal|last1=Pracy|first1=P|last2=Loughran|first2=S|last3=Good|first3=J|last4=Parmar|first4=S|last5=Goranova|first5=R|title=Hypopharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines|journal=The Journal of Laryngology & Otology|volume=130|issue=S2|year=2016|pages=S104–S110|issn=0022-2151|doi=10.1017/S0022215116000529}}</ref>
 
=== History ===
Specific history should be focussed on:
*Tobacco use<ref name="Maaslandvan den Brandt2014">{{cite journal|last1=Maasland|first1=Denise HE|last2=van den Brandt|first2=Piet A|last3=Kremer|first3=Bernd|last4=Goldbohm|first4=R Alexandra|last5=Schouten|first5=Leo J|title=Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and the risk of subtypes of head-neck cancer: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study|journal=BMC Cancer|volume=14|issue=1|year=2014|issn=1471-2407|doi=10.1186/1471-2407-14-187}}</ref>
*Abuse of alcohol consumption<ref name="Maaslandvan den Brandt2014">{{cite journal|last1=Maasland|first1=Denise HE|last2=van den Brandt|first2=Piet A|last3=Kremer|first3=Bernd|last4=Goldbohm|first4=R Alexandra|last5=Schouten|first5=Leo J|title=Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and the risk of subtypes of head-neck cancer: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study|journal=BMC Cancer|volume=14|issue=1|year=2014|issn=1471-2407|doi=10.1186/1471-2407-14-187}}</ref>
*[[Plummer-Vinson syndrome]]<ref name="Novacek2006">{{cite journal|last1=Novacek|first1=Gottfried|journal=Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases|volume=1|issue=1|year=2006|pages=36|issn=17501172|doi=10.1186/1750-1172-1-36}}</ref>
*[[HPV]] infection<ref name="TolandJoo2013">{{cite journal|last1=Toland|first1=Amanda Ewart|last2=Joo|first2=Young-Hoon|last3=Lee|first3=Youn-Soo|last4=Cho|first4=Kwang-Jae|last5=Park|first5=Jun-Ook|last6=Nam|first6=In-Chul|last7=Kim|first7=Chung-Soo|last8=Kim|first8=Sang-Yeon|last9=Kim|first9=Min-Sik|title=Characteristics and Prognostic Implications of High-Risk HPV-Associated Hypopharyngeal Cancers|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=8|issue=11|year=2013|pages=e78718|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0078718}}</ref>
*[[Areca catechu|Areca]] nut and [[betel]] quid chewing habit<ref name="GuhaWarnakulasuriya2014">{{cite journal|last1=Guha|first1=Neela|last2=Warnakulasuriya|first2=Saman|last3=Vlaanderen|first3=Jelle|last4=Straif|first4=Kurt|title=Betel quid chewing and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A meta-analysis with implications for cancer control|journal=International Journal of Cancer|volume=135|issue=6|year=2014|pages=1433–1443|issn=00207136|doi=10.1002/ijc.28643}}</ref><ref name="pmid19445556">{{cite journal |vauthors=Auluck A, Hislop G, Poh C, Zhang L, Rosin MP |title=Areca nut and betel quid chewing among South Asian immigrants to Western countries and its implications for oral cancer screening |journal=Rural Remote Health |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=1118 |date=2009 |pmid=19445556 |pmc=2726113 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Diet]] with insufficient [[nutrients]]
*Occupational exposures such as:
:*[[Asbestos]]<ref name="pmid24142981">{{cite journal |vauthors=Langevin SM, O'Sullivan MH, Valerio JL, Pawlita M, Applebaum KM, Eliot M, McClean MD, Kelsey KT |title=Occupational asbestos exposure is associated with pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in men from the greater Boston area |journal=Occup Environ Med |volume=70 |issue=12 |pages=858–63 |date=December 2013 |pmid=24142981 |pmc=4227396 |doi=10.1136/oemed-2013-101528 |url=}}</ref>
 
 
=== Symptoms ===
Common [[symptoms]] of hypopharyngeal cancer include:<ref name="PracyLoughran2016">{{cite journal|last1=Pracy|first1=P|last2=Loughran|first2=S|last3=Good|first3=J|last4=Parmar|first4=S|last5=Goranova|first5=R|title=Hypopharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines|journal=The Journal of Laryngology & Otology|volume=130|issue=S2|year=2016|pages=S104–S110|issn=0022-2151|doi=10.1017/S0022215116000529}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Barnes | first = Leon | title = Surgical pathology of the head and neck | publisher = M. Dekker | location = New York | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-8247-0109-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Recent Scientific Research|issn=09763031|doi=10.24327/IJRSR}}</ref><ref name="pmid26389199">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=26389199 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11320826">{{cite journal |vauthors=Uzcudun AE, Bravo Fernández P, Sánchez JJ, García Grande A, Rabanal Retolaza I, González Barón M, Gavilán Bouzas J |title=Clinical features of pharyngeal cancer: a retrospective study of 258 consecutive patients |journal=J Laryngol Otol |volume=115 |issue=2 |pages=112–8 |date=February 2001 |pmid=11320826 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


*[[Dysphagia]]
*[[Dysphagia]]
*[[Odynophagia]]
*[[Odynophagia]]
*Sore throat that persisted after treatment
*[[Sore]] [[throat]] that persisted after treatment.
*Pain radiating to ears
*[[Pain]] radiating to [[ears]]
*Hoarseness  
*[[Hoarseness]]
*Mass in the neck
*[[Foreign body|Foreign]] [[body]] sensation in the [[throat]]
*[[Mass]] in the [[neck]]
*[[Weight loss]]
*[[Weight loss]]
*[[Lung cancer history and symptoms|Hemoptysis]]
Lung metastasis may occur in hypopharyngeal cancer and present symptoms.
For more information on symptoms of lung cancer, [[Lung cancer history and symptoms|click here]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|1}}
{{reflist|2}}
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
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[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Medicine]]

Latest revision as of 17:16, 1 February 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Overview

The hallmark of hypopharyngeal cancer is dysphagia. A positive history of tobacco use and abuse of alcohol consumption along with common symptoms of lump in the neck, odynophagia, dysphagia, and hoarseness are suggestive of hypopharyngeal cancer.

History and symptoms

History

Specific history should be focussed on:


Symptoms

Common symptoms of hypopharyngeal cancer include:[7][8][9][10][11]

Lung metastasis may occur in hypopharyngeal cancer and present symptoms.

For more information on symptoms of lung cancer, click here

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Maasland, Denise HE; van den Brandt, Piet A; Kremer, Bernd; Goldbohm, R Alexandra; Schouten, Leo J (2014). "Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and the risk of subtypes of head-neck cancer: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study". BMC Cancer. 14 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-187. ISSN 1471-2407.
  2. Novacek, Gottfried (2006). Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 1 (1): 36. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-36. ISSN 1750-1172. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. Toland, Amanda Ewart; Joo, Young-Hoon; Lee, Youn-Soo; Cho, Kwang-Jae; Park, Jun-Ook; Nam, In-Chul; Kim, Chung-Soo; Kim, Sang-Yeon; Kim, Min-Sik (2013). "Characteristics and Prognostic Implications of High-Risk HPV-Associated Hypopharyngeal Cancers". PLoS ONE. 8 (11): e78718. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078718. ISSN 1932-6203.
  4. Guha, Neela; Warnakulasuriya, Saman; Vlaanderen, Jelle; Straif, Kurt (2014). "Betel quid chewing and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A meta-analysis with implications for cancer control". International Journal of Cancer. 135 (6): 1433–1443. doi:10.1002/ijc.28643. ISSN 0020-7136.
  5. Auluck A, Hislop G, Poh C, Zhang L, Rosin MP (2009). "Areca nut and betel quid chewing among South Asian immigrants to Western countries and its implications for oral cancer screening". Rural Remote Health. 9 (2): 1118. PMC 2726113. PMID 19445556.
  6. Langevin SM, O'Sullivan MH, Valerio JL, Pawlita M, Applebaum KM, Eliot M, McClean MD, Kelsey KT (December 2013). "Occupational asbestos exposure is associated with pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in men from the greater Boston area". Occup Environ Med. 70 (12): 858–63. doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101528. PMC 4227396. PMID 24142981.
  7. Pracy, P; Loughran, S; Good, J; Parmar, S; Goranova, R (2016). "Hypopharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 130 (S2): S104–S110. doi:10.1017/S0022215116000529. ISSN 0022-2151.
  8. Barnes, Leon (2001). Surgical pathology of the head and neck. New York: M. Dekker. ISBN 0-8247-0109-7.
  9. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research. doi:10.24327/IJRSR. ISSN 0976-3031. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. . PMID 26389199. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. Uzcudun AE, Bravo Fernández P, Sánchez JJ, García Grande A, Rabanal Retolaza I, González Barón M, Gavilán Bouzas J (February 2001). "Clinical features of pharyngeal cancer: a retrospective study of 258 consecutive patients". J Laryngol Otol. 115 (2): 112–8. PMID 11320826.