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{{Wegener's granulomatosis}}
{{Wegener's granulomatosis}}


{{CMG}}{{APM}}{{AE}}{{CZ}}{{KW}}
{{CMG}}{{APM}};{{AE}}{{ADS}}{{KW}}{{CZ}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis was first discovered by Peter McBride, a Scottish otolaryngologist, in 1897 when describing a case of rapid destruction of the nose and face<ref name="pmid7057076">{{cite journal |author=Friedmann I |title=McBride and the midfacial granuloma syndrome. (The second 'McBride Lecture', Edinburgh, 1980) |journal=The Journal of laryngology and otology |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |year=1982 |pmid=7057076 |doi=}}</ref>. In 1907, Heinz Karl Ernst Klinger added information regarding the anatomical pathology of the disease. However, the full presentation of the disease was later discovered in 2 separate reports in 1936 and 1939 by a German pathologist, Friedrich Wegener.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis was first discovered by Peter McBride, a Scottish otolaryngologist, in 1897 when describing a case of rapid destruction of the nose and face. In 1907, Heinz Karl Ernst Klinger added information regarding the anatomical pathology of the disease. However, the full presentation of the disease was later discovered in 2 separate reports in 1936 and 1939 by a German pathologist, Friedrich Wegener. The disease was called pathergic granulomatosis. This led to some confusion with lethal midline granuloma and [[lymphomatoid granulomatosis]]. In 1954, it was called as Wegener's granulomatosis, named after a German pathologist, [[Friedrich Wegener]] who described the disease in his detailed report published in 1936. As of November 7, 2010, the name Wegener's granulomatosis has been changed to Granulomatosis with polyangiitis by the American College of Rheumatology, American Society of Nephrology, and the European League Against Rheumatism. The association between [[ANCA]] and Granulomatosis with polyangiitis was made in 1982.
 
An earlier name for the disease was pathergic granulomatososis.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fienberg R |title=Pathergic granulomatosis |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=829–31 |year=1955 |pmid=13275478 |doi=10.1016/0002-9343(55)90150-9}}</ref> The disease is still sometimes confused with lethal midline granuloma and [[lymphomatoid granulomatosis]], both malignant [[lymphomas]].<ref name="Mendenhall">{{cite journal |author=Mendenhall WM, Olivier KR, Lynch JW Jr, Mendenhall NP |title=Lethal midline granuloma-nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma |journal=Am J Clin Oncol |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=202–6 |year=2006|pmid=16601443 |doi=10.1097/01.coc.0000198738.61238.eb}}</ref>
 
As of November 7, 2010, Wegener's granulomatosis has been changed to Granulomatosis with polyangiitis by the American College of Rheumatology, American Society of Nephrology, and the European League Against Rheumatism. The name has been change to characterize the pathology of the disease rather than having it remain as a historical reference, as it has become evident that Dr. Wegener was associated with the Nazi party.<ref name="pmid21374588">{{cite journal| author=Falk RJ, Gross WL, Guillevin L, Hoffman GS, Jayne DR, Jennette JC et al.| title=Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's): an alternative name for Wegener's granulomatosis. | journal=Arthritis Rheum | year= 2011 | volume= 63 | issue= 4 | pages= 863-4 | pmid=21374588 | doi=10.1002/art.30286 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21374588  }} </ref>


==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
Scottish [[Otolaryngology|otolaryngologist]] Peter McBride (1854–1946) first described the condition in 1897 in a British Medical Journal article  entitled "Photographs of a case of rapid destruction of the nose and face". <ref name="pmid7057076">{{cite journal |author=Friedmann I |title=McBride and the midfacial granuloma syndrome. (The second 'McBride Lecture', Edinburgh, 1980) |journal=The Journal of laryngology and otology |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |year=1982 |pmid=7057076 |doi=}}</ref> Heinz Karl Ernst Klinger (1907) would add information on the [[anatomical pathology]], but the full picture was presented by [[Friedrich Wegener]] (1907–1990), a German [[pathologist]], in two reports in 1936 and 1939.
===Discovery===
 
*Granulomatosis with polyangitis  was first discovered by Peter McBride, a Scottish [[Otolaryngology|otolaryngologist]], in 1897.<ref name="pmid7057076">{{cite journal |author=Friedmann I |title=McBride and the midfacial granuloma syndrome. (The second 'McBride Lecture', Edinburgh, 1980) |journal=The Journal of laryngology and otology |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |year=1982 |pmid=7057076 |doi=}}</ref>
In 2006, Dr. Alexander Woywodt (Preston, United Kingdom) and Dr. Eric Matteson (Mayo Clinic, USA) investigated Dr. Wegener's past, and discovered that he was, at least at some point of his career, a follower of the Nazi regime. In addition, their data indicated that Dr. Wegener was wanted by Polish authorities and that his files were forwarded to the United Nations War Crimes Commission. Finally, Dr. Wegener worked in close proximity to the genocide machinery in Lodz. Their data raised serious concerns about Dr. Wegener's professional conduct. They suggested that the eponym be abandoned and proposed "ANCA-associated granulomatous vasculitis."<ref>{{cite journal |author=Woywodt A, Matteson EL |title=Wegener's granulomatosis--probing the untold past of the man behind the eponym |journal=Rheumatology (Oxford) |volume=45 |issue=10 |pages=1303–6 |year=2006 |pmid=16887845 |doi=10.1093/rheumatology/kel258}}</ref> The authors have since campaigned for other medical eponyms to be abandoned, too.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Woywodt A, Matteson E |title=Should eponyms be abandoned? Yes |journal=BMJ |volume=335 |issue=7617 |pages=424 |year=2007 |pmid=17762033 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39308.342639.AD}}</ref>
*In 1907, Heinz Karl Ernst Klinger added information regarding the anatomical pathology of the disease.
 
*The disease was called pathergic granulomatososis.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fienberg R |title=Pathergic granulomatosis |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=829–31 |year=1955 |pmid=13275478 |doi=10.1016/0002-9343(55)90150-9}}</ref> This led to some confusion with lethal midline granuloma and [[lymphomatoid granulomatosis]].<ref name="Mendenhall">{{cite journal |author=Mendenhall WM, Olivier KR, Lynch JW Jr, Mendenhall NP |title=Lethal midline granuloma-nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma |journal=Am J Clin Oncol |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=202–6 |year=2006|pmid=16601443 |doi=10.1097/01.coc.0000198738.61238.eb}}</ref>
 
*In 1954, it was called as Wegener's granulomatosis <ref name="pmid13217569">{{cite journal |vauthors=GODMAN GC, CHURG J |title=Wegener's granulomatosis: pathology and review of the literature |journal=AMA Arch Pathol |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=533–53 |date=December 1954 |pmid=13217569 |doi= |url=}}</ref>, named after a German pathologist, [[Friedrich Wegener]] who described the disease in his detailed  report published in 1936.<ref>Wegener F. Ueber generalisierte septische Gefäßerkrankungen [About generalised septic vascular diseases], Verh Deut Pathol Ges , 1936, vol. 29 (pg. 202-10)</ref>
As of November 7, 2010, Wegener's granulomatosis has been changed to Granulomatosis with polyangiitis by the American College of Rheumatology, American Society of Nephrology, and the European League Against Rheumatism. The name has been change to characterize the pathology of the disease rather than having it remain as a historical reference, as it has become evident that Dr. Wegener was associated with the Nazi party.<ref name="pmid21374588">{{cite journal| author=Falk RJ, Gross WL, Guillevin L, Hoffman GS, Jayne DR, Jennette JC et al.| title=Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's): an alternative name for Wegener's granulomatosis. | journal=Arthritis Rheum | year= 2011 | volume= 63 | issue= 4 | pages= 863-4 | pmid=21374588 | doi=10.1002/art.30286 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21374588  }} </ref>
*Due to concerns with Wegener's professional conduct, Alexander Woywodt and Eric Matteson abandoned the name and changed to "[[ANCA-associated vasculitides|ANCA-associated granulomatous vasculitis]]."<ref>{{cite journal |author=Woywodt A, Matteson EL |title=Wegener's granulomatosis--probing the untold past of the man behind the eponym |journal=Rheumatology (Oxford) |volume=45 |issue=10 |pages=1303–6 |year=2006 |pmid=16887845 |doi=10.1093/rheumatology/kel258}}</ref>
*As of November 7, 2010, the name Wegener's granulomatosis has been changed to Granulomatosis with polyangitis by the American College of Rheumatology, American Society of Nephrology, and the European League Against Rheumatism.<ref name="pmid21374588">{{cite journal| author=Falk RJ, Gross WL, Guillevin L, Hoffman GS, Jayne DR, Jennette JC et al.| title=Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's): an alternative name for Wegener's granulomatosis. | journal=Arthritis Rheum | year= 2011 | volume= 63 | issue= 4 | pages= 863-4 | pmid=21374588 | doi=10.1002/art.30286 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21374588  }} </ref><ref name="pmid166319152">{{cite journal| author=Woywodt A, Haubitz M, Haller H, Matteson EL| title=Wegener's granulomatosis. | journal=Lancet | year= 2006 | volume= 367 | issue= 9519 | pages= 1362-6 | pmid=16631915 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68583-8 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16631915  }}</ref>


*The association between [[ANCA]] and Granulomatosis with polyangitis was made in 1982.<ref name="pmid6297657">{{cite journal |vauthors=Davies DJ, Moran JE, Niall JF, Ryan GB |title=Segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis with antineutrophil antibody: possible arbovirus aetiology? |journal=Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) |volume=285 |issue=6342 |pages=606 |date=1982 |pmid=6297657 |pmc=1499415 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2857806">{{cite journal |vauthors=van der Woude FJ, Rasmussen N, Lobatto S, Wiik A, Permin H, van Es LA, van der Giessen M, van der Hem GK, The TH |title=Autoantibodies against neutrophils and monocytes: tool for diagnosis and marker of disease activity in Wegener's granulomatosis |journal=Lancet |volume=1 |issue=8426 |pages=425–9 |date=February 1985 |pmid=2857806 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="HarmanMargo1998">{{cite journal|last1=Harman|first1=Lynn E.|last2=Margo|first2=Curtis E.|title=Wegener’s Granulomatosis|journal=Survey of Ophthalmology|volume=42|issue=5|year=1998|pages=458–480|issn=00396257|doi=10.1016/S0039-6257(97)00133-1}}</ref><ref name="pmid9065053">{{cite journal |vauthors=Helmchen U, Kneissler U, Prall F |title=[ANCA-associated forms of vasculitis] |language=German |journal=Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol |volume=80 |issue= |pages=38–45 |date=1996 |pmid=9065053 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2285525">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Wegener's granulomatosis and anti neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA). Proceedings of a symposium. Zweibrücken, 1990 |journal=APMIS Suppl. |volume=19 |issue= |pages=1–68 |date=1990 |pmid=2285525 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16062016">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pradhan VD, Badakere SS, Ghosh K, Almeida A |title=ANCA: serology in Wegener's granulomatosis |journal=Indian J Med Sci |volume=59 |issue=7 |pages=292–300 |date=July 2005 |pmid=16062016 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


The use of cyclophosphamide as a treatment for Wegener's granulomatosis was first administered to patients in 1973 at 2mg/kg/day with prednisone. Cyclophosphamide along with prednisone displayed remission in 12 of the 14 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis.<ref name="pmid21447129">{{cite journal| author=Langford CA| title=Cyclophosphamide as induction therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis. | journal=Clin Exp Immunol | year= 2011 | volume= 164 Suppl 1 | issue= | pages= 31-4 | pmid=21447129 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04364.x | pmc=3095863 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21447129  }} </ref>
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies==
*In 1973, [[cyclophosphamide]] and [[prednisone]] was first used by Fauci and Wolf and the disease showed remission.<ref name="pmid214471292">{{cite journal |vauthors=Langford CA |title=Cyclophosphamide as induction therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis |journal=Clin. Exp. Immunol. |volume=164 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=31–4 |date=May 2011 |pmid=21447129 |pmc=3095863 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04364.x |url=}}</ref>


==Famous Cases==
*The following are a few famous cases of [[disease name]]:
**Heinrich Hertz, famous German physicist who worked on electromagnetic waves<ref name="pmid159405742">{{cite journal |vauthors=Feldmann H |title=[A historic case of Wegener's granulomatosis: the physicist who discovered the electromagnetic waves: Heinrich Hertz] |language=German |journal=Laryngorhinootologie |volume=84 |issue=6 |pages=426–31 |date=June 2005 |pmid=15940574 |doi=10.1055/s-2004-826062 |url=}}</ref>
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 15:14, 16 April 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[3]Krzysztof Wierzbicki M.D. [4]Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [5]

Overview

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis was first discovered by Peter McBride, a Scottish otolaryngologist, in 1897 when describing a case of rapid destruction of the nose and face. In 1907, Heinz Karl Ernst Klinger added information regarding the anatomical pathology of the disease. However, the full presentation of the disease was later discovered in 2 separate reports in 1936 and 1939 by a German pathologist, Friedrich Wegener. The disease was called pathergic granulomatosis. This led to some confusion with lethal midline granuloma and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. In 1954, it was called as Wegener's granulomatosis, named after a German pathologist, Friedrich Wegener who described the disease in his detailed report published in 1936. As of November 7, 2010, the name Wegener's granulomatosis has been changed to Granulomatosis with polyangiitis by the American College of Rheumatology, American Society of Nephrology, and the European League Against Rheumatism. The association between ANCA and Granulomatosis with polyangiitis was made in 1982.

Historical Perspective

Discovery

  • Granulomatosis with polyangitis was first discovered by Peter McBride, a Scottish otolaryngologist, in 1897.[1]
  • In 1907, Heinz Karl Ernst Klinger added information regarding the anatomical pathology of the disease.
  • The disease was called pathergic granulomatososis.[2] This led to some confusion with lethal midline granuloma and lymphomatoid granulomatosis.[3]
  • In 1954, it was called as Wegener's granulomatosis [4], named after a German pathologist, Friedrich Wegener who described the disease in his detailed report published in 1936.[5]
  • Due to concerns with Wegener's professional conduct, Alexander Woywodt and Eric Matteson abandoned the name and changed to "ANCA-associated granulomatous vasculitis."[6]
  • As of November 7, 2010, the name Wegener's granulomatosis has been changed to Granulomatosis with polyangitis by the American College of Rheumatology, American Society of Nephrology, and the European League Against Rheumatism.[7][8]

Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies

Famous Cases

  • The following are a few famous cases of disease name:
    • Heinrich Hertz, famous German physicist who worked on electromagnetic waves[16]

References

  1. Friedmann I (1982). "McBride and the midfacial granuloma syndrome. (The second 'McBride Lecture', Edinburgh, 1980)". The Journal of laryngology and otology. 96 (1): 1–23. PMID 7057076.
  2. Fienberg R (1955). "Pathergic granulomatosis". Am. J. Med. 19 (6): 829–31. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(55)90150-9. PMID 13275478.
  3. Mendenhall WM, Olivier KR, Lynch JW Jr, Mendenhall NP (2006). "Lethal midline granuloma-nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma". Am J Clin Oncol. 29 (2): 202–6. doi:10.1097/01.coc.0000198738.61238.eb. PMID 16601443.
  4. GODMAN GC, CHURG J (December 1954). "Wegener's granulomatosis: pathology and review of the literature". AMA Arch Pathol. 58 (6): 533–53. PMID 13217569.
  5. Wegener F. Ueber generalisierte septische Gefäßerkrankungen [About generalised septic vascular diseases], Verh Deut Pathol Ges , 1936, vol. 29 (pg. 202-10)
  6. Woywodt A, Matteson EL (2006). "Wegener's granulomatosis--probing the untold past of the man behind the eponym". Rheumatology (Oxford). 45 (10): 1303–6. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kel258. PMID 16887845.
  7. Falk RJ, Gross WL, Guillevin L, Hoffman GS, Jayne DR, Jennette JC; et al. (2011). "Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's): an alternative name for Wegener's granulomatosis". Arthritis Rheum. 63 (4): 863–4. doi:10.1002/art.30286. PMID 21374588.
  8. Woywodt A, Haubitz M, Haller H, Matteson EL (2006). "Wegener's granulomatosis". Lancet. 367 (9519): 1362–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68583-8. PMID 16631915.
  9. Davies DJ, Moran JE, Niall JF, Ryan GB (1982). "Segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis with antineutrophil antibody: possible arbovirus aetiology?". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 285 (6342): 606. PMC 1499415. PMID 6297657.
  10. van der Woude FJ, Rasmussen N, Lobatto S, Wiik A, Permin H, van Es LA, van der Giessen M, van der Hem GK, The TH (February 1985). "Autoantibodies against neutrophils and monocytes: tool for diagnosis and marker of disease activity in Wegener's granulomatosis". Lancet. 1 (8426): 425–9. PMID 2857806.
  11. Harman, Lynn E.; Margo, Curtis E. (1998). "Wegener's Granulomatosis". Survey of Ophthalmology. 42 (5): 458–480. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(97)00133-1. ISSN 0039-6257.
  12. Helmchen U, Kneissler U, Prall F (1996). "[ANCA-associated forms of vasculitis]". Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol (in German). 80: 38–45. PMID 9065053.
  13. "Wegener's granulomatosis and anti neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA). Proceedings of a symposium. Zweibrücken, 1990". APMIS Suppl. 19: 1–68. 1990. PMID 2285525.
  14. Pradhan VD, Badakere SS, Ghosh K, Almeida A (July 2005). "ANCA: serology in Wegener's granulomatosis". Indian J Med Sci. 59 (7): 292–300. PMID 16062016.
  15. Langford CA (May 2011). "Cyclophosphamide as induction therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 164 Suppl 1: 31–4. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04364.x. PMC 3095863. PMID 21447129.
  16. Feldmann H (June 2005). "[A historic case of Wegener's granulomatosis: the physicist who discovered the electromagnetic waves: Heinrich Hertz]". Laryngorhinootologie (in German). 84 (6): 426–31. doi:10.1055/s-2004-826062. PMID 15940574.

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