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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''GNB3'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid11770079">{{cite journal | author = Siffert W | title = Molecular genetics of G proteins and atherosclerosis risk | journal = Basic Res Cardiol | volume = 96 | issue = 6 | pages = 606–11 |date=Dec 2001 | pmid = 11770079 | pmc = | doi =10.1007/s003950170012  }}</ref><ref name="pmid16600389">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weinstein LS, Chen M, Xie T, Liu J | title = Genetic diseases associated with heterotrimeric G proteins | journal = Trends Pharmacol Sci | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = 260–6 |date=May 2006 | pmid = 16600389 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/j.tips.2006.03.005 }}</ref>
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = 
| image_source = 
| PDB =
| Name = Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3
| HGNCid = 4400
| Symbol = GNB3
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 139130
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 55628
| MGIid = 95785
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_GNB3_206047_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003924 |text = GTPase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}}
| Component =  
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008217 |text = blood pressure regulation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 2784
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000111664
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002066
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002075
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 6820713
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 6826819
    | Hs_Uniprot = P16520
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 14695
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000023439
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_013530
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_038558
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =   
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 124799859
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 124805894
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q54AE3
  }}
}}
'''Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3''', also known as '''GNB3''', is a human [[gene]].


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
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{{PBB_Summary
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| section_title =  
| summary_text = Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (C825T) in this gene is associated with essential hypertension and obesity. This polymorphism is also associated with the occurrence of the splice variant GNB3-s, which appears to have increased activity. GNB3-s is an example of alternative splicing caused by a nucleotide change outside of the splice donor and acceptor sites. Additional splice variants may exist for this gene, but they have not been fully described.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNB3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2784| accessdate = }}</ref>
| summary_text = Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins ([[G protein | G proteins]]), which integrate signals between [[Receptor (biochemistry) | receptors]] and [[Effector (biology) | effector]] proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. A [[single-nucleotide polymorphism]] (C825T) in this gene is associated with essential [[hypertension]] and [[obesity]]. This polymorphism is also associated with the occurrence of the [[Alternative splicing | splice variant]] GNB3-s, which appears to have increased activity. GNB3-s is an example of alternative splicing caused by a nucleotide change outside of the splice donor and acceptor sites. Additional splice variants may exist for this gene, but they have not been fully described.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNB3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2784| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading  
| citations =  
| citations =  
*{{cite journal  | author=Wedegaertner PB, Wilson PT, Bourne HR |title=Lipid modifications of trimeric G proteins. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 2 |pages= 503-6 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7822269 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Wedegaertner PB, Wilson PT, Bourne HR |title=Lipid modifications of trimeric G proteins. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 2 |pages= 503–6 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7822269 |doi=10.1074/jbc.270.2.503 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Downes GB, Gautam N |title=The G protein subunit gene families. |journal=Genomics |volume=62 |issue= 3 |pages= 544-52 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10644457 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1999.5992 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Downes GB, Gautam N |title=The G protein subunit gene families. |journal=Genomics |volume=62 |issue= 3 |pages= 544–52 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10644457 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1999.5992 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sartori M, Parotto E, Ceolotto G, ''et al.'' |title=[C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene codifying the G-protein beta3-subunit and cardiovascular risk] |journal=Ann. Ital. Med. Int. |volume=19 |issue= 4 |pages= 240-8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15678704 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Sartori M, Parotto E, Ceolotto G |title=[C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene codifying the G-protein beta3-subunit and cardiovascular risk] |journal=Ann. Ital. Med. Int. |volume=19 |issue= 4 |pages= 240–8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15678704 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zhu H, Wang X, Lu Y, ''et al.'' |title=Update on G-protein polymorphisms in hypertension. |journal=Curr. Hypertens. Rep. |volume=8 |issue= 1 |pages= 23-9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16600156 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Zhu H, Wang X, Lu Y |title=Update on G-protein polymorphisms in hypertension. |journal=Curr. Hypertens. Rep. |volume=8 |issue= 1 |pages= 23–9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16600156 |doi=10.1007/s11906-006-0037-4 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Weder AB |title=Genetics and hypertension. |journal=Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 217-23 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17341998 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Weder AB |title=Genetics and hypertension. |journal=Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 217–23 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17341998 |doi=10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.06587.x |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75304/1/j.1524-6175.2007.06587.x.pdf }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Levine MA, Modi WS, O'Brien SJ |title=Chromosomal localization of the genes encoding two forms of the G protein beta polypeptide, beta 1 and beta 3, in man. |journal=Genomics |volume=8 |issue= 2 |pages= 380-6 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1979057 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Levine MA, Modi WS, O'Brien SJ |title=Chromosomal localization of the genes encoding two forms of the G protein beta polypeptide, beta 1 and beta 3, in man. |journal=Genomics |volume=8 |issue= 2 |pages= 380–6 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1979057 |doi=10.1016/0888-7543(90)90296-7 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Levine MA, Smallwood PM, Moen PT, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning of beta 3 subunit, a third form of the G protein beta-subunit polypeptide. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=87 |issue= 6 |pages= 2329-33 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2107550 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Levine MA, Smallwood PM, Moen PT |title=Molecular cloning of beta 3 subunit, a third form of the G protein beta-subunit polypeptide. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=87 |issue= 6 |pages= 2329–33 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2107550 |doi=10.1073/pnas.87.6.2329 | pmc=53680  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Garcia-Higuera I, Thomas TC, Yi F, Neer EJ |title=Intersubunit surfaces in G protein alpha beta gamma heterotrimers. Analysis by cross-linking and mutagenesis of beta gamma. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 1 |pages= 528-35 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8550614 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Garcia-Higuera I, Thomas TC, Yi F, Neer EJ |title=Intersubunit surfaces in G protein alpha beta gamma heterotrimers. Analysis by cross-linking and mutagenesis of beta gamma. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 1 |pages= 528–35 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8550614 |doi=  10.1074/jbc.271.1.528}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N |title=Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 12 |pages= 7141-6 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8636150 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N |title=Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 12 |pages= 7141–6 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8636150 |doi=10.1074/jbc.271.12.7141 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ansari-Lari MA, Muzny DM, Lu J, ''et al.'' |title=A gene-rich cluster between the CD4 and triosephosphate isomerase genes at human chromosome 12p13. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=6 |issue= 4 |pages= 314-26 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8723724 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Ansari-Lari MA, Muzny DM, Lu J |title=A gene-rich cluster between the CD4 and triosephosphate isomerase genes at human chromosome 12p13. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=6 |issue= 4 |pages= 314–26 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8723724 |doi=10.1101/gr.6.4.314 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ansari-Lari MA, Shen Y, Muzny DM, ''et al.'' |title=Large-scale sequencing in human chromosome 12p13: experimental and computational gene structure determination. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=7 |issue= 3 |pages= 268-80 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9074930 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Ansari-Lari MA, Shen Y, Muzny DM |title=Large-scale sequencing in human chromosome 12p13: experimental and computational gene structure determination. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=7 |issue= 3 |pages= 268–80 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9074930 |doi=10.1101/gr.7.3.268 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Siffert W, Rosskopf D, Siffert G, ''et al.'' |title=Association of a human G-protein beta3 subunit variant with hypertension. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=18 |issue= 1 |pages= 45-8 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9425898 |doi= 10.1038/ng0198-45 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Siffert W, Rosskopf D, Siffert G |title=Association of a human G-protein beta3 subunit variant with hypertension. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=18 |issue= 1 |pages= 45–8 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9425898 |doi= 10.1038/ng0198-45 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kageyama K, Murakami T, Iizuka K, ''et al.'' |title=Translocation of G-protein beta3 subunit from the cytosol pool to the membrane pool by beta1-adrenergic receptor stimulation in perfused rat hearts. |journal=Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=58 |issue= 9 |pages= 1497-500 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10513993 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Kageyama K, Murakami T, Iizuka K |title=Translocation of G-protein beta3 subunit from the cytosol pool to the membrane pool by beta1-adrenergic receptor stimulation in perfused rat hearts. |journal=Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=58 |issue= 9 |pages= 1497–500 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10513993 |doi=10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00230-0 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rosskopf D, Busch S, Manthey I, Siffert W |title=G protein beta 3 gene: structure, promoter, and additional polymorphisms. |journal=Hypertension |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 33-41 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10904009 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Rosskopf D, Busch S, Manthey I, Siffert W |title=G protein beta 3 gene: structure, promoter, and additional polymorphisms. |journal=Hypertension |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 33–41 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10904009 |doi=  10.1161/01.hyp.36.1.33}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Obineche EN, Frossard PM, Bokhari AM |title=An association study of five genetic loci and left ventricular hypertrophy amongst Gulf Arabs. |journal=Hypertens. Res. |volume=24 |issue= 6 |pages= 635-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11768721 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Obineche EN, Frossard PM, Bokhari AM |title=An association study of five genetic loci and left ventricular hypertrophy amongst Gulf Arabs. |journal=Hypertens. Res. |volume=24 |issue= 6 |pages= 635–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11768721 |doi=10.1291/hypres.24.635 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Tabara Y, Kohara K, Miki T |title=Polymorphisms of genes encoding components of the sympathetic nervous system but not the renin-angiotensin system as risk factors for orthostatic hypotension. |journal=J. Hypertens. |volume=20 |issue= 4 |pages= 651-6 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11910300 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Tabara Y, Kohara K, Miki T |title=Polymorphisms of genes encoding components of the sympathetic nervous system but not the renin-angiotensin system as risk factors for orthostatic hypotension. |journal=J. Hypertens. |volume=20 |issue= 4 |pages= 651–6 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11910300 |doi=10.1097/00004872-200204000-00022 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Serretti A, Lorenzi C, Lilli R, ''et al.'' |title=Pharmacogenetics of lithium prophylaxis in mood disorders: analysis of COMT, MAO-A, and Gbeta3 variants. |journal=Am. J. Med. Genet. |volume=114 |issue= 4 |pages= 370-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11992559 |doi= 10.1002/ajmg.10357 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Serretti A, Lorenzi C, Lilli R |title=Pharmacogenetics of lithium prophylaxis in mood disorders: analysis of COMT, MAO-A, and Gbeta3 variants. |journal=Am. J. Med. Genet. |volume=114 |issue= 4 |pages= 370–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11992559 |doi= 10.1002/ajmg.10357 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Shlyakhto EV, Shwartz EI, Nefedova YB, ''et al.'' |title=Lack of association of G-protein subunit gene C825T polymorphism with left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. |journal=Med. Sci. Monit. |volume=8 |issue= 5 |pages= CR337-40 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12011775 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Shlyakhto EV, Shwartz EI, Nefedova YB |title=Lack of association of G-protein subunit gene C825T polymorphism with left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. |journal=Med. Sci. Monit. |volume=8 |issue= 5 |pages= CR337–40 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12011775 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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{{Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins}}
 
 
{{gene-12-stub}}

Latest revision as of 12:40, 4 November 2018

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

n/a

Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB3 gene.[1][2]

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins ( G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (C825T) in this gene is associated with essential hypertension and obesity. This polymorphism is also associated with the occurrence of the splice variant GNB3-s, which appears to have increased activity. GNB3-s is an example of alternative splicing caused by a nucleotide change outside of the splice donor and acceptor sites. Additional splice variants may exist for this gene, but they have not been fully described.[3]

References

  1. Siffert W (Dec 2001). "Molecular genetics of G proteins and atherosclerosis risk". Basic Res Cardiol. 96 (6): 606–11. doi:10.1007/s003950170012. PMID 11770079.
  2. Weinstein LS, Chen M, Xie T, Liu J (May 2006). "Genetic diseases associated with heterotrimeric G proteins". Trends Pharmacol Sci. 27 (5): 260–6. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2006.03.005. PMID 16600389.
  3. "Entrez Gene: GNB3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3".

Further reading

  • Wedegaertner PB, Wilson PT, Bourne HR (1995). "Lipid modifications of trimeric G proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (2): 503–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.2.503. PMID 7822269.
  • Downes GB, Gautam N (2000). "The G protein subunit gene families". Genomics. 62 (3): 544–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID 10644457.
  • Sartori M, Parotto E, Ceolotto G, et al. (2005). "[C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene codifying the G-protein beta3-subunit and cardiovascular risk]". Ann. Ital. Med. Int. 19 (4): 240–8. PMID 15678704.
  • Zhu H, Wang X, Lu Y, et al. (2006). "Update on G-protein polymorphisms in hypertension". Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 8 (1): 23–9. doi:10.1007/s11906-006-0037-4. PMID 16600156.
  • Weder AB (2007). "Genetics and hypertension" (PDF). Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.). 9 (3): 217–23. doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.06587.x. PMID 17341998.
  • Levine MA, Modi WS, O'Brien SJ (1991). "Chromosomal localization of the genes encoding two forms of the G protein beta polypeptide, beta 1 and beta 3, in man". Genomics. 8 (2): 380–6. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90296-7. PMID 1979057.
  • Levine MA, Smallwood PM, Moen PT, et al. (1990). "Molecular cloning of beta 3 subunit, a third form of the G protein beta-subunit polypeptide". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (6): 2329–33. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.6.2329. PMC 53680. PMID 2107550.
  • Garcia-Higuera I, Thomas TC, Yi F, Neer EJ (1996). "Intersubunit surfaces in G protein alpha beta gamma heterotrimers. Analysis by cross-linking and mutagenesis of beta gamma". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1): 528–35. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.1.528. PMID 8550614.
  • Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N (1996). "Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (12): 7141–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.12.7141. PMID 8636150.
  • Ansari-Lari MA, Muzny DM, Lu J, et al. (1996). "A gene-rich cluster between the CD4 and triosephosphate isomerase genes at human chromosome 12p13". Genome Res. 6 (4): 314–26. doi:10.1101/gr.6.4.314. PMID 8723724.
  • Ansari-Lari MA, Shen Y, Muzny DM, et al. (1997). "Large-scale sequencing in human chromosome 12p13: experimental and computational gene structure determination". Genome Res. 7 (3): 268–80. doi:10.1101/gr.7.3.268. PMID 9074930.
  • Siffert W, Rosskopf D, Siffert G, et al. (1998). "Association of a human G-protein beta3 subunit variant with hypertension". Nat. Genet. 18 (1): 45–8. doi:10.1038/ng0198-45. PMID 9425898.
  • Kageyama K, Murakami T, Iizuka K, et al. (1999). "Translocation of G-protein beta3 subunit from the cytosol pool to the membrane pool by beta1-adrenergic receptor stimulation in perfused rat hearts". Biochem. Pharmacol. 58 (9): 1497–500. doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00230-0. PMID 10513993.
  • Rosskopf D, Busch S, Manthey I, Siffert W (2000). "G protein beta 3 gene: structure, promoter, and additional polymorphisms". Hypertension. 36 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1161/01.hyp.36.1.33. PMID 10904009.
  • Obineche EN, Frossard PM, Bokhari AM (2002). "An association study of five genetic loci and left ventricular hypertrophy amongst Gulf Arabs". Hypertens. Res. 24 (6): 635–9. doi:10.1291/hypres.24.635. PMID 11768721.
  • Tabara Y, Kohara K, Miki T (2002). "Polymorphisms of genes encoding components of the sympathetic nervous system but not the renin-angiotensin system as risk factors for orthostatic hypotension". J. Hypertens. 20 (4): 651–6. doi:10.1097/00004872-200204000-00022. PMID 11910300.
  • Serretti A, Lorenzi C, Lilli R, et al. (2002). "Pharmacogenetics of lithium prophylaxis in mood disorders: analysis of COMT, MAO-A, and Gbeta3 variants". Am. J. Med. Genet. 114 (4): 370–9. doi:10.1002/ajmg.10357. PMID 11992559.
  • Shlyakhto EV, Shwartz EI, Nefedova YB, et al. (2002). "Lack of association of G-protein subunit gene C825T polymorphism with left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension". Med. Sci. Monit. 8 (5): CR337–40. PMID 12011775.