Cryoglobulinemia physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
Physical Examination
- Physical examination of patients with cryoglobulinemia is usually remarkable for: purpura, arthralgia, and acrocyanosis.
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with cryoglobulinemia usually appear normal. Clinical manifestations that appear vary according to the type of cryoglobulinemia. The various signs that appear are most commonly due to underlying hyperviscosity and thrombosis.
Vital Signs
Vital signs in patients with cryoglobulinemia are normal.
Skin
- Raynauds phenomenon
- Livedo reticularis
- Palpable purpura
- Digital ischemia
- Acrocyanosis
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Description (Adapted from Dermatology Atlas)
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Description (Adapted from Dermatology Atlas)
HEENT
- Nystagmus
- Retinal hemorrhage
Neck
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with cryopglobulinemia is usually normal.
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with cryoglobulinemia is usually normal.
Abdomen
Back
- Back examination of patients with cryoglobulinemia is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- Hematuria
Neuromuscular
Extremities
Extremities examination of patients with cryoglobulinemia usually have the following findings:
- Digital ischemia/gangrene
- Fasciculations in the upper/lower extremity
- Joint involvement most commonly in knees, ankles, proximal interphalangeal joints.
- Peripheral neuropathy