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* Prognosis is generally good, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is 81.7%.<ref name="seer">SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/clyl.html Accessed on October, 12 2015</ref>
* Prognosis is generally good, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is 81.7%.<ref name="seer">SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/clyl.html Accessed on October, 12 2015</ref>
* Common prognostic factors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients include age, [[tumor]] stage, and the presence of certain [[genetic mutation]]s.<ref name="pmid267489322">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen C, Puvvada S |title=Prognostic Factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |journal=Curr Hematol Malig Rep |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=37–42 |date=February 2016 |pmid=26748932 |doi=10.1007/s11899-015-0294-x |url=}}</ref>  
* Common prognostic factors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients include age, [[tumor]] stage, and the presence of certain [[genetic mutation]]s.<ref name="pmid267489322">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen C, Puvvada S |title=Prognostic Factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |journal=Curr Hematol Malig Rep |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=37–42 |date=February 2016 |pmid=26748932 |doi=10.1007/s11899-015-0294-x |url=}}</ref>  
* The table below lists prognostic factors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients:<ref name="pmid26748932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen C, Puvvada S |title=Prognostic Factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |journal=Curr Hematol Malig Rep |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=37–42 |date=February 2016 |pmid=26748932 |doi=10.1007/s11899-015-0294-x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25461996" />
* The table below lists prognostic factors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients:<ref name="pmid14576043">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shanafelt TD, Geyer SM, Kay NE |title=Prognosis at diagnosis: integrating molecular biologic insights into clinical practice for patients with CLL |journal=Blood |volume=103 |issue=4 |pages=1202–10 |date=February 2004 |pmid=14576043 |doi=10.1182/blood-2003-07-2281 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26748932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen C, Puvvada S |title=Prognostic Factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |journal=Curr Hematol Malig Rep |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=37–42 |date=February 2016 |pmid=26748932 |doi=10.1007/s11899-015-0294-x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25461996" />


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Revision as of 19:46, 13 February 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Overview

Most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia are initially asymptomatic. If left untreated, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia may progress to develop weight loss, fever, and lymph nodes swelling. Common complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia include immunodeficiency, warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and Richter's transformation. Prognosis is generally good, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is 81.7%.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Natural History

  • Most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia are initially asymptomatic.
  • If left untreated, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia may progress to develop weight loss, fever, and lymph nodes swelling.

Complications

  • Common complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia include:[1]

Prognosis

  • Prognosis is generally good, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is 81.7%.[2]
  • Common prognostic factors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients include age, tumor stage, and the presence of certain genetic mutations.[3]
  • The table below lists prognostic factors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients:[4][5][1]
Prognostic Factor Description
Age
  • Older age at the time of diagnosis is associated with a worse prognosis.
Gender
  • Males are associated with a worse prognosis when compared to females.
Performance status
Stage
  • Binet stages B and C or Rai stages 2-4 are associated with a worse prognosis.
Lymphocyte doubling time
  • A rapid lymphocyte doubling time is associated with a worse prognosis.
Genetic mutations
Prolymphocytes percent
  • An increased percentage of prolymphocytes is associated with a worse prongnosis.
Histological analysis
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level
  • Elevated level of LDH is associated with a worse prognosis.
β2-microglobulin level
  • Elevated level of β2-microglobulin level is associated with a worse prognosis.
Lymphocyte surface markers
  • Over expression of CD38 is associated with a worse prognosis.
Immunoglobulin (Ig)VH gene
  • The absence of IgVH gene mutation is associated with a worse prognosis.
Membrane-bound proteins
  • The expression of zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP) is associated with a worse prognosis.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nabhan C, Rosen ST (2014). "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a clinical review". JAMA. 312 (21): 2265–76. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.14553. PMID 25461996.
  2. ↑ SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/clyl.html Accessed on October, 12 2015
  3. ↑ Chen C, Puvvada S (February 2016). "Prognostic Factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia". Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 11 (1): 37–42. doi:10.1007/s11899-015-0294-x. PMID 26748932.
  4. ↑ Shanafelt TD, Geyer SM, Kay NE (February 2004). "Prognosis at diagnosis: integrating molecular biologic insights into clinical practice for patients with CLL". Blood. 103 (4): 1202–10. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-07-2281. PMID 14576043.
  5. ↑ Chen C, Puvvada S (February 2016). "Prognostic Factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia". Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 11 (1): 37–42. doi:10.1007/s11899-015-0294-x. PMID 26748932.

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