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==Overview==
Risk factors of [[breast lumps]] are generally age (higher cancer risk while aging), past history of [[breast disease]] or [[biopsy]], [[positive]] [[familial history]] in first-degree relatives, [[genetic mutations]] such as [[BRCA1]] and [[BRCA2]], [[endogenous]] [[hormonal]] exposure such as age at [[Menarche|menarch]], first [[pregnancy]], [[menopause]], breast feeding, and [[parity]], [[exogenous]] [[hormonal]] exposure such as usage of [[contraceptive]] pills and [[hormonal replacement therapy]], and [[lifestyle]] factors such as [[alcohol]] consumption, inactivity, [[obesity]], and previous history of [[radiation]] exposure.


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
{|  
Risk factors leading to [[female]] [[breast cancer]]:<ref name="pmid25114845">{{cite journal| author=Shah R, Rosso K, Nathanson SD| title=Pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. | journal=World J Clin Oncol | year= 2014 | volume= 5 | issue= 3 | pages= 283-98 | pmid=25114845 | doi=10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.283 | pmc=4127601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25114845  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11172156">{{cite journal| author=Clemons M, Goss P| title=Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2001 | volume= 344 | issue= 4 | pages= 276-85 | pmid=11172156 | doi=10.1056/NEJM200101253440407 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11172156  }}</ref>
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
* [[Age]]: probability of [[Breast cancer|breast cance]]<nowiki/>r during the age groups is as follows:
| '''Age (> 70 vs. < 35)''' || '''RR 17.0'''
** Birth to 39 years - 1 in 202
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
** <nowiki/>40 to 59 years - 1 in 26
| '''Positive Family History''' || '''RR 2.6'''
** 60 t<nowiki/>o 69 years - 1 in 28.
|- style="background:silver; color:black"
* P<nowiki/>ersonal history of [[benign]] breas<nowiki/>t biopsy associated with [[relative risk]] of 1.7 and history of atypical [[hyperplasia]] on biopsy with [[relative risk]] of 3.7.
| '''Early Menarche (< 12 years old)''' || '''RR 1.5'''
*Breast [[pathology]]: Proliferative disease (PD) with [[atypia]] has greater risk of developing to [[breast cancer]] in comparison of PD.
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
*[[Family history]]: Greater [[breast cancer]] risk in women with first-degree relatives with [[breast cancer]] under 50 years old.
| '''Late Menopause (> 55 years old) ''' || '''RR 2.0'''
*[[Genetic]] predisposition
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
**High risk (associated with [[relative risk]] about 3.0 to 7.0)
| '''HRT Use (current)''' || '''RR 1.2-1.4'''
*** [[BRCA1]]
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
***[[BRCA2]]
| '''OCP Use (ever)''' || '''RR 1.07-1.2'''
**Moderate risk
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
*** [[Homozygous]] [[ataxia-telangiectasia]] (ATM)
| '''Postmenopausal Body Mass Index  (> 30.7)''' || '''RR 1.6'''   
*** Somatic mutation in [[CHEK2]]
|}
***[[BRCA1]] modifier gene: [[BRIP1]]
***[[BRCA2]] modifier gene: [[PALB2]]
** Low risk
***These [[alleles]] have not designated yet
* Endogenous hormone exposure and reproductive factors:
** Early [[menarche]]: Under age of 13 years
**[[Parity]]: Nulliparus is associated with increased risk of [[breast cancer]]
**Age at first [[full term]] [[pregnancy]]: Younger age ( under 20 years considered as low risk and after 30 years old considered as high risk ) may decrease risk of [[breast cancer]]
**[[Breast feeding]] > 16 months decreased risk of [[breast cancer]]
** [[Testosterone]]: Increased [[relative risk]] to 2.86-3.28
**[[Age]] at [[menopause]]: Older [[menopausal]] [[age]] (aged > 55 years ) associated with greater risk of [[breast cancer]]
* Exogenous hormone exposure
**Long term exposure> 5 years: increases chances of [[breast cancer]]
**Time of usage: nearly [[menopausal]] [[age]] associated with development to [[breast cancer]]
**Part or current use of [[contraceptive]] pills: [[relative risk]] of 1.07 to 1.2
**Current use of [[hormonal replacement therapy]]: [[relative risk]] of 1.2
* [[Lifestyle]]: These factors may increase risk of developing [[Breast Cancer|breast cancers]].
** [[Alcohol]] consumption: approximately 2 to 5 drinks per day, developed with [[relative risk]] 1.4
**Recreational exercise: [[relative risk]] of 0.70
**[[Obesity]]: [[BMI|BMI]] = 25-29.9 and [[BMI]] >30 have [[relative risk]] of 1.28
**Previous history of [[radiation]]: at the [[age]] < 35 years old


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 20:42, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shadan Mehraban, M.D.[2]

Overview

Risk factors of breast lumps are generally age (higher cancer risk while aging), past history of breast disease or biopsy, positive familial history in first-degree relatives, genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, endogenous hormonal exposure such as age at menarch, first pregnancy, menopause, breast feeding, and parity, exogenous hormonal exposure such as usage of contraceptive pills and hormonal replacement therapy, and lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption, inactivity, obesity, and previous history of radiation exposure.

Risk Factors

Risk factors leading to female breast cancer:[1][2]

References

  1. Shah R, Rosso K, Nathanson SD (2014). "Pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer". World J Clin Oncol. 5 (3): 283–98. doi:10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.283. PMC 4127601. PMID 25114845.
  2. Clemons M, Goss P (2001). "Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer". N Engl J Med. 344 (4): 276–85. doi:10.1056/NEJM200101253440407. PMID 11172156.


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